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PaRSRC: Exploiting Heterogeneity to Enhance Scalability

COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2013年第6期15卷 36-45页

作者： Bosilca, George Bouteiller, Aurelien Danalis, Anthony Faverge, Mathieu Herault, Thomas Dongarra, Jack J. Univ Tennessee Innovat Comp Lab Knoxville TN 37996 USA Bordeaux Inst Technol Bordeaux France Univ Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA

New high-performance computing system designs with steeply escalating processor and core counts, burgeoning heterogeneity and accelerators, and increasingly unpredictable memory access times call for one or more dramatically new programming paradigms. These new approaches must react and adapt quickly to unexpected contentions and delays, and they must provide the execution environment with sufficient intelligence and flexibility to rearrange the execution to improve resource utilization. The authors present an approach based on task parallelism that reveals the application's parallelism by expressing its algorithm as a task flow. This strategy allows the algorithm to be decoupled from the data distribution and the underlying hardware, since the algorithm is entirely expressed as flows of data. This kind of layering provides a clear separation of concerns among architecture, algorithm, and data distribution. Developers benefit from this separation because they can focus solely on the algorithmic level without the constraints involved with programming for current and future hardware trends.

关键词： programming Computer Architecture Runtime Computational Modeling Parallel Processing Biological System Modeling Adaptation Models Scalability programming paradigms programming Computer Architecture Runtime Computational Modeling Parallel Processing Biological System Modeling Adaptation Models Scalability Scientific Computing High Performance Computing HPC Scheduling And Task Partitioning Distributed programming

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In search of evidence for model-driven development claims: An experiment on quality, effort, productivity and satisfaction

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2015年第Jun.期62卷 164-186页

作者： Panach, Jose Ignacio Espana, Sergio Dieste, Oscar Pastor, Oscar Juristo, Natalia Univ Valencia Dept Informat Escola Tecn Super Engn E-46100 Valencia Spain Univ Politecn Valencia Ctr Invest Metodos Prod Software ProS E-46022 Valencia Spain Univ Politecn Madrid Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Informat Boadilla Del Monte 28660 Spain

Context: Model-Driven Development (MDD) is a paradigm that prescribes building conceptual models that abstractly represent the system and generating code from these models through transformation rules. The literature is rife with claims about the benefits of MDD, but they are hardly supported by evidences. Objective: This experimental investigation aims to verify some of the most cited benefits of MDD. Method: We run an experiment on a small set of classes using student subjects to compare the quality, effort, productivity and satisfaction of traditional development and MDD. The experiment participants built two web applications from scratch, one where the developers implement the code by hand and another using an industrial MDD tool that automatically generates the code from a conceptual model. Results: Outcomes show that there are no significant differences between both methods with regard to effort, productivity and satisfaction, although quality in MDD is more robust to small variations in problem complexity. We discuss possible explanations for these results. Conclusions: For small systems and less programming-experienced subjects, MDD does not always yield better results than a traditional method, even regarding effort and productivity. This contradicts some previous statements about MDD advantages. The benefits of developing a system with MDD appear to depend on certain characteristics of the development context. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Automatic programming Methodologies programming paradigms Quality analysis and evaluation

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Smart City Middleware: A Survey and a Conceptual Framework

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 4015-4047页

作者： Goumopoulos, Christos Univ Aegean Dept Informat & Commun Syst Engn Samos 83200 Greece

Smart city middleware serves as a foundational tool in the evolution of urban digitalization, acting as an intermediary software layer that simplifies the development, deployment, and management of applications tailored for smart urban environments. However, the development of effective middleware for smart cities is challenging. The present research embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the smart city middleware landscape, unraveling the intricacies of its development and the challenges faced therein. Rooted in the assessment of 20 distinct middleware solutions, our study highlights the pivotal technologies, features and functionalities that are imperative for a middleware to effectively support a city's digital transformation. The functional and non-functional requirements form the nucleus of our evaluation. We also explore the architectural styles pivotal to middleware development and the programming paradigms shaping smart city application development. Our study highlights challenges in using middleware for smart city applications, such as interoperability, scalability, security amidst big data, context management, reliability, quality of service, energy efficiency, and compliance with technological standards and regulations. Based on the detailed analysis, we propose a conceptual framework for smart city middleware, shaped by the challenges and requirements identified in existing literature and middleware solutions. This framework is designed to reflect the diverse demands and complexities of urban digital transformation, and guide smart city middleware development accordingly. As a result, this research stands as a reference study for software developers, urban planners, and researchers, outlining the current state and future directions in the domain of smart city middleware.

关键词： Smart cities middleware conceptual framework surveys functional and non-functional requirements enabling technologies architectural styles programming paradigms challenges

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Magic Potion: Incorporating New Development paradigms through Metaprogramming

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IEEE SOFTWARE 2010年第5期27卷 38-44页

作者： Djuric, Dragan Devedzic, Vladan Univ Belgrade Belgrade 11001 Serbia

Today\'s applications require mixing and matching languages, platforms, and paradigms, which increases a solution\'s complexity. The authors propose a lighter approach that borrows a desired paradigm and incorporates it as an integral part of a preferred development environment. They\'ve applied metaprogramming to internalize the ontology-modeling paradigm into a programming environment that\'s based on the Java ecosystem. Their method is also lightweight and suitable for small teams. They implemented an embedded domain-specific metalanguage, called Magic Potion, in the Clojure development environment, where it blends ontology, functional, object-oriented, and concurrent paradigms.

关键词： domain engineering domain-specific languages metaprogramming multiparadigm languages ontology languages programming languages programming paradigms programming techniques Computer programming Languages metaprogram Sorcery programming TECHNIQUES Magic

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Security for the rest of us. Java insecurity: Accounting for subtleties that can compromise code

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IEEE SOFTWARE 2008年第1期25卷 13-19页

作者： Lai, Charlie Sun Microsyst Inc Java Secur Team Santa Clara CA 95054 USA

Java developers commonly follow numerous coding guidelines—such as minimizing accessibility, creating copies of mutable inputs, and preventing the unauthorized construction of sensitive classes—to ensure that their programs are safe. Various subtleties related to each guideline could lead to unexpected behavior, and ultimately to security vulnerabilities. Java developers can safely account for these subtleties to prevent attacks. This article is part of a special issue on Security for the Rest of Us.

关键词： Java Code Design programming paradigms Security And Privacy Protection

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From "Think Like a Vertex" to "Think Like a Graph"

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE VLDB ENDOWMENT 2013年第3期7卷 193-204页

作者： Tian, Yuanyuan Balmin, Andrey Corsten, Severin Andreas Tatikonda, Shirish McPherson, John IBM Almaden Res Ctr Yorktown Hts NY 10598 USA GraphSQL Redwood City CA 94065 USA IBM Deutschland GmbH Berlin Germany

To meet the challenge of processing rapidly growing graph and network data created by modern applications, a number of distributed graph processing systems have emerged, such as Pregel and GraphLab. All these systems divide input graphs into partitions, and employ a "think like a vertex" programming model to support iterative graph computation. This vertex-centric model is easy to program and has been proved useful for many graph algorithms. However, this model hides the partitioning information from the users, thus prevents many algorithm-specific optimizations. This often results in longer execution time due to excessive network messages (e.g. in Pregel) or heavy scheduling overhead to ensure data consistency (e.g. in GraphLab). To address this limitation, we propose a new "think like a graph" programming paradigm. Under this graph-centric model, the partition structure is opened up to the users, and can be utilized so that communication within a partition can bypass the heavy message passing or scheduling machinery. We implemented this model in a new system, called Giraph++, based on Apache Giraph, an open source implementation of Pregel. We explore the applicability of the graph-centric model to three categories of graph algorithms, and demonstrate its flexibility and superior performance, especially on well-partitioned data. For example, on a web graph with 118 million vertices and 855 million edges, the graph-centric version of connected component detection algorithm runs 63X faster and uses 204X fewer network messages than its vertex- centric counterpart.

关键词： Graph theory Iterative methods Machinery Message passing Open source software Open systems Scheduling Connected component Graph algorithms Graph computations Modern applications Open source implementation Partition structures programming models programming paradigms

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Streamlining Development for Networked Embedded Systems Using Multiple paradigms

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IEEE SOFTWARE 2010年第5期27卷 45-52页

作者： Huygens, Christophe Hughes, Danny Lagaisse, Bert Joosen, Wouter Katholieke Univ Leuven Dept Comp Sci Louvain Belgium Xian Jiaotong Liverpool Univ Dept Comp Sci & Software Engn Xian Peoples R China Katholieke Univ Leuven Distrinet Res Grp Louvain Belgium

Limitations on networked embedded systems imposed by mobility and adaptation scenarios amid scarce energy and system resources mandate optimization throughout the hardware-software life cycle. Deployment, operational activities, and maintenance require software development activities that must all be aligned to become integral parts of the development process. Yet the actors participating in the life cycle are highly diverse, and an integrated approach must respect this diversity. In addition to traditional software development according to component-based engineering principles that deliver business and application logic, the activities in networked-embedded systems' life cycle phases include developing the following: predeployment artifacts using aspect-oriented composition, deployment artifacts using declarative abstractions to describe the actors' goals and the applications' compositions, and specific runtime artifacts using declarative or imperative policies. Developing these complementary artifacts corresponds to multiparadigm programming, since all artifacts are essential but can't be programmed using a single paradigm. This article identifies the proposed actors contributing to the development phases in this integrated multiparadigm programming approach and their activities in terms of methods and artifacts.

关键词： computing equipment management embedded systems programming paradigms software system integration and implementation wireless sensor networks computer software Systems Integration streamlined shape Equipment Management Artifacts Software design Embedded systems PROCESS DEVELOPMENT actor

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ATTRIBUTE GRAMMAR paradigms - A HIGH-LEVEL METHODOLOGY IN LANGUAGE IMPLEMENTATION

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ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS 1995年第2期27卷 196-255页

作者： PAAKKI, J Univ. of Jyva¨skyla¨ Jyva¨skyla¨ Finland

Attribute grammars are a formalism for specifying programming languages. They have been applied to a great number of systems automatically producing language implementations from their specifications. The systems and their specification languages can be evaluated and classified according to their level of application support, linguistic characteristics, and degree of automation. A survey of attribute grammar-based specification languages is given. The modern advanced specification languages extend the core attribute grammar model with concepts and primitives from established programming paradigms. The main ideas behind the developed attribute grammar paradigms are discussed, and representative specification languages are presented with a common example grammar. The presentation is founded on mapping elements of attribute grammars to their counterparts in programming languages. This methodology of integrating two problem-solving disciplines together is explored with a classification of the paradigms into structured, modular, object-oriented, logic, and functional attribute grammars. The taxonomy is complemented by introducing approaches based on an implicit parallel or incremental attribute evaluation paradigm.

关键词： DESIGN LANGUGAES THEORY ATTRIBUTE GRAMMARS BLOCKS CLASSES COMPILER WRITING SYSTEMS FUNCTIONAL DEPENDENCIES INCOMPLETE DATA INCREMENTALITY INHERITANCE LANGUAGE PROCESSING LANGUAGE PROCESSOR GENERATORS LAZY EVALUATION LOGICAL VARIABLES OBJECTS PARALLELISM PROCESSES programming paradigms SEMANTIC FUNCTIONS SYMBOL TABLES UNIFICATION

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TRAILBLAZING WITH ROADRUNNER

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COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2009年第4期11卷 91-95页

作者： Henning, Paul White, Andrew B., Jr. Los Alamos Natl Lab Los Alamos NM 87545 USA

The authors look at the changes occurring in computer system design, the rise of heterogeneous computing, and the effects these changes have on high-performance computing.

关键词： Emerging Technologies Heterogeneous Systems programming paradigms At Issue

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Designing Modular Software: A Case Study in Introductory Statistics

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JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS 2017年第3期26卷 493-500页

作者： Hare, Eric Kaplan, Andee Iowa State Univ Dept Stat Ames IA 50011 USA

Modular programming is a development paradigm that emphasizes self-contained, flexible, and independent pieces of functionality. This practice allows new features to be seamlessly added when desired, and unwanted features to be removed, thus simplifying the software's user interface. The recent rise of web-based software applications has presented new challenges for designing an extensible, modular software system. In this article, we outline a framework for designing such a system, with a focus on reproducibility of the results. We present as a case study a Shiny-based web application called intRo, that allows the user to perform basic data analyses and statistical routines. Finally, we highlight some challenges we encountered, and how to address them, when combining modular programming concepts with reactive programming as used by Shiny. Supplementary material for this article is available online.

关键词： Interactivity Modularity programming paradigms Reactive programming Reproducibility Statistical software

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