Methodologies in architecture education varies in their vision of the effective theoretical evidence in architectural programming which act the basic roll in construct the design problem in fifth thesis .the architect...
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Methodologies in architecture education varies in their vision of the effective theoretical evidence in architectural programming which act the basic roll in construct the design problem in fifth thesis .the architecture programming aims to build wide theoretical background of information about the real state of fifth project which support fifth student in prepares the academic research of the thesis, in gathering, analysis and evaluate the require information that related he component of the project. this articles describe problem of the wide gape which almost happened between the theoretical research in first semester of fifth thesis and the practical application of that information according creation of design problem to the project in second semester .that cause by misunderstand of the effective methodology of employ the theory bases in practical form which led solving design problem, so that there is no reflection of architecture production with the local ground. so this research aims to develop the practical approach of programming more close with real situation of the project, basically depends on the sequence logic steps of practical thinking in treatment the objectives information about all determinations of design problem of thesis .these determinations is related to presents all desired and needs of the different level of occupants and user as well as the client himself throughout the issues of the real state .this article experiment the practical approach in department of architecture in mosul university,by practical study include the student as well as the design staff in trying to make effect balance of theoretical academic research and practical academic research in create the design problem and product more real solution that enhanced the professional experience of architecture student in work field.
Power flow calculations for systems with a large number of buses, e.g. grids with multiple voltage levels, or time series based calculations result in a high computational effort. A common power flow solver for the ef...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538645055
Power flow calculations for systems with a large number of buses, e.g. grids with multiple voltage levels, or time series based calculations result in a high computational effort. A common power flow solver for the efficient analysis of power systems is the Newton-Raphson algorithm. The main computational effort of this method results from the linearization of the nonlinear power flow problem and solving the resulting linear equation. This paper presents an algorithm for the fast linearization of the power flow problem by creating the Jacobian matrix directly in Compressed Row Storage (CRS) format. The increase in speed is achieved by reducing the number of iterations over the nonzero elements of the sparse Jacobian matrix. This allows to efficiently create the Jacobian matrix without having to approximate the problem. A comparison of the calculation time of three power grids shows that comparable open-source implementations need 3-14x the time to create the Jacobian matrix.
The contribution deals with an implementation of discrete control logic for a modular production line, with two main objectives pursued. Firstly, the basic ideas of PackML standard should be implemented, in particular...
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The contribution deals with an implementation of discrete control logic for a modular production line, with two main objectives pursued. Firstly, the basic ideas of PackML standard should be implemented, in particular the behaviour of the machine from the operational state viewpoint, and secondly, the implementation should be based on low-end programmable logic controllers, with limitations on the available memory and processing speed. The paper presents a general idea of the implementation with discussion of its relation to PackML standard, and provides relevant details of the implementation case study on a laboratory scale modular production system.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained a lot of considerations in recent years and have significant impacts on different application areas. Wireless sensors have been successfully deployed in different computing ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479952335
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained a lot of considerations in recent years and have significant impacts on different application areas. Wireless sensors have been successfully deployed in different computing environments to measure, gather and process the raw information in the sensing area to the observers. Sensor networks provide infinite opportunities, but at the same time pose rough challenges due to the sensors' characteristics and the operating conditions of these sensors. This paper provides an extensive study of the current state-of-art in programming wireless sensor network, presenting a classification of programming levels in the field and highlighting some likely programming challenges and research future directions.
Industrial plant software is implemented in the programming languages of IEC 61131-3. As plant software needs to perform many tasks, it is often highly complex and typically characterized by a monolithic structure. Wh...
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Industrial plant software is implemented in the programming languages of IEC 61131-3. As plant software needs to perform many tasks, it is often highly complex and typically characterized by a monolithic structure. Whereas for high-level programming languages, commonly occurring problems are solved using design patterns, such general reusable solution alternatives are not yet available for IEC 61131-3. Thus, an approach for statically analysing the plant software and visualizing the software units' complexity and interconnectedness is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, basic software design patterns are introduced and, subsequently, their appearance within plant software is evaluated using industrial code and interviews with experts. By that, a first step towards providing design patterns for IEC 61131-3 is made.
The visual presentation of the software standard IEC 61131-3 for embedded automation systems can hardly impart the structures of complex solutions. The UML as an alternative presentation from conventional software is ...
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The visual presentation of the software standard IEC 61131-3 for embedded automation systems can hardly impart the structures of complex solutions. The UML as an alternative presentation from conventional software is confusing the engineers of this domain, as it contains many diagrams and notation details, which are designed for other purposes. The UML for Process Automation (UML-PA) offers a customized subset of the UML, which simplifies the graphical structure of the UML. Ambiguous notations elements of the UML are supplemented or cleared. UML-PA refers to IEC 1131-3 behavior specifications to offer skilled familiar notations within the framework of new structures.
This paper presents a modular software architecture for embedded systems, which is based on the open source operating system Linux. It uses Linux device drivers to control proprietary hardware components and provides ...
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This paper presents a modular software architecture for embedded systems, which is based on the open source operating system Linux. It uses Linux device drivers to control proprietary hardware components and provides a universal communication interface that allowsto control the system by arbitrary control programs running under any operating system. The architecture has been realised exemplarily for the firmware of a data logger used for remote logging of magnetotelluric data.
EIB/KNX is a field bus used in home and building automation. When building application programs for EIB/KNX nodes, one was hitherto faced with low-level constructs. To improve this situation, a RAD (Rapid Application ...
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EIB/KNX is a field bus used in home and building automation. When building application programs for EIB/KNX nodes, one was hitherto faced with low-level constructs. To improve this situation, a RAD (Rapid Application Development) like approach was adopted. This model encapsulates the system software entities in a way which is inspired by the object-oriented paradigm. It also makes use of functional blocks to describe the application behaviour. To allow the roles of software developer and project engineer to be separated, the tool chain is designed for interfacing with an integration tool. The article discusses the work flow when building an EIB/KNX system and the resulting requirements on the tool chain. The GCC-based solution which was developed is pre sented. Specific challenges in porting the GNU tool chain to the standard microcontroller for EIB/KNX nodes are sketched. The implementation also includes an open PC-based EIB/KNX network access and management server.
Common engineering approaches and modeling approaches from software engineering are brought together. For the domain of process automation an implementation oriented approach for an object oriented software developmen...
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Common engineering approaches and modeling approaches from software engineering are brought together. For the domain of process automation an implementation oriented approach for an object oriented software development for heterogeneous distributed systems is introduced. Model elements for control are added to UML as well as small-scale patterns for plant automation. Besides large-scale patterns are introduced as well as implementational models. The adoption of UML regarding applied diagrams and stereotypes for process automation will be introduced and evaluated.
In many practical applications PLC engineers face the problem, that some essential hardware the PLC is supposed to operate, is not available during software development and commissioning, yet. Because of missing feedb...
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In many practical applications PLC engineers face the problem, that some essential hardware the PLC is supposed to operate, is not available during software development and commissioning, yet. Because of missing feedback signals from field, testing the control software can in such circumstances be very difficult, if ever possible. The purpose of the paper is to propose a certain method of programming, which enables the programmer to overcome the problem, at least partially. The key point of the method lies in replacing feedback signals generated by real hardware and sampled at PLC inputs, by signals generated inside the PLC by a special program block, performing software simulation.
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