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Engineering Interactive Systems (EIS 2007) - Joint Working Conferences EHCI 2007, DSV-IS 2007, HCSE 2007

作者： Macias, Jose A. Paterno, Fabio Univ Autonoma Madrid De Colmenar Km 15 E-28049 Madrid Spain Univ Pisa CNR ISTI I-56124 Pisa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783540926979

Nowadays, while the number of users of interactive software steadily increase, new applications and systems appear and provide further complexity. An example of such systems is represented by multi-device applications, where the user can interact with the system through different platforms. However, providing end-users;with real capabilities to author user interfaces is still a problematic issue, which is beyond the ability of most end-users today. In this paper, we present an approach intended to enable users to modify Web interfaces easily, considering implicit user intents inferred from example interface modifications carried out by the user. We discuss the design issues involved in the implementation of such all intelligent approach, also reporting on some experimental results obtained from a User test.

关键词： End-User Development Intelligent User Interfaces Model-Based Design of User Interfaces programming by example

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Mixed-Initiative Approaches to Global Editing in Slideware 15

Mixed-Initiative Approaches to Global Editing in Slideware

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33rd Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Edge, Darren Gulwani, Sumit Milic-Frayling, Natasa Raza, Mohammad Saputra, Reza Adhitya Wang, Chao Yatani, Koji Microsoft Res Beijing Peoples R China Microsoft Res Redmond WA USA Microsoft Res Cambridge England Univ Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada Univ Tokyo Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450331456

Good alignment and repetition of objects across presentation slides can facilitate visual processing and contribute to audience understanding. However, creating and maintaining such consistency during slide design is difficult. In order to solve this problem, we present two complementary tools: (1) StyleSnap, which increases the alignment and repetition of objects by adaptively clustering object edge positions and allowing parallel editing of all objects snapped to the same spatial extent;and (2) FlashFormat, which infers the least-general generalization of editing examples and applies it throughout the selected range. In user studies of repetitive styling task performance, StyleSnap and FlashFormat were 4-5 times and 2-3 times faster than conventional editing, respectively. Both use a mixed-initiative approach to improve the consistency of slide decks and generalize to any situations involving editing across disjoint visual spaces.

关键词： Presentations visual consistency layout editing snapping programming by example least-general generalization

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Synthesizing Transformations on Hierarchically Structured Data 16

Synthesizing Transformations on Hierarchically Structured Da...

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37th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on programming Language Design and Implementation

作者： Yaghmazadeh, Navid Klinger, Christian Dillig, Isil Chaudhuri, Swarat Univ Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Univ Freiburg Freiburg Germany Rice Univ Houston TX 77251 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450342612

This paper presents a new approach for synthesizing transformations on tree-structured data, such as Unix directories and XML documents. We consider a general abstraction for such data, called hierarchical data trees (HDTs) and present a novel example-driven synthesis algorithm for HDT transformations. Our central insight is to reduce the problem of synthesizing tree transformers to the synthesis of list transformations that are applied to the paths of the tree. The synthesis problem over lists is solved using a new algorithm that combines SMT solving and decision tree learning. We have implemented our technique in a system called HADES and show that HADES can automatically synthesize a variety of interesting transformations collected from online forums.

关键词： Languages Program synthesis programming by example data transformations

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RoboART: Artistic Robot programming in Mixed Reality

RoboART: Artistic Robot Programming in Mixed Reality

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IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)

作者： Fronchetti, Felipe Popiela, Miles Spinola, Rodrigo Brixey, Shawn Virginia Commonwealth Univ Sch Arts Richmond VA 23284 USA Virginia Commonwealth Univ Coll Engn Richmond VA 23284 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350374490;9798350374506

Articulated robots are attracting the attention of artists worldwide. Due to their precise, tireless, and efficient nature, robots are now being deployed in different forms of creative expression, such as sculpting, choreography, immersive environments, and cinematography. While there is a growing interest among artists in robotics, programming such machines is a challenge for most professionals in the field, as robots require extensive coding experience and are primarily designed for industrial applications and environments. To enable artists to incorporate robots in their projects, we propose an end-user-friendly robot programming solution using an intuitive spatial computing environment designed for Microsoft Hololens 2. In our application, the robot movements are synchronized with a hologram via network communication. Using natural hand gestures, users can manipulate, animate, and record the hologram similar to 3D animation software, including the advantages of mixed reality interaction. Our solution not only gives artists the ability to translate their creative ideas and movements to an industrial machine but also makes human-robot interaction safer, as robots can now be accurately and effectively operated from a distance. We consider this an important step in a more human-driven robotics community, allowing creators without robot programming experience to easily script and perform complex sequences of robotic movement in service of new arts applications. Making robots more collaborative and safer for humans to interact with dramatically increases their utility, exposure, and potential for social interaction, opens new markets, expands creative industries, and directly locates them in highly visible public spaces.

关键词： Software and its engineering Software notations and tools Context specific languages programming by example Applied computing Arts and humanities Performing arts

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Democratizing Self-Service Data Preparation Through example Guided Program Synthesis,

Democratizing Self-Service Data Preparation Through Example ...

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作者： Jin, Zhongjun University of Michigan

学位级别：Ph.D.

The majority of real-world data we can access today have one thing in common: they are not immediately usable in their original state. Trapped in a swamp of data usability issues like non-standard data formats and heterogeneous data sources, most data analysts and machine learning practitioners have to burden themselves with "data janitor" work, writing ad-hoc Python, PERL or SQL scripts, which is tedious and inefficient. It is estimated that data scientists or analysts typically spend 80% of their time in preparing data, a significant amount of human effort that can be redirected to better goals. In this dissertation, we accomplish this task by harnessing knowledge such as examples and other useful hints from the end user. We develop program synthesis techniques guided by heuristics and machine learning, which effectively make data preparation less painful and more efficient to perform by data users, particularly those with little to no programming experience. Data transformation, also called data wrangling or data munging, is an important task in data preparation, seeking to convert data from one format to a different (often more structured) format. Our system Foofah shows that allowing end users to describe their desired transformation, through providing small input-output transformation examples, can significantly reduce the overall user effort. The underlying program synthesizer can often succeed in finding meaningful data transformation programs within a reasonably short amount of time. Our second system, CLX, demonstrates that sometimes the user does not even need to provide complete input-output examples, but only label ones that are desirable if they exist in the original dataset. The system is still capable of suggesting reasonable and explainable transformation operations to fix the non-standard data format issue in a dataset full of heterogeneous data with varied formats. PRISM, our third system, targets a data preparation task of data integration, i.e.,

关键词： data preparation program synthesis human-in-the-loop programming by example data transformation data wrangling Thesis

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Assessing and Improving Code Transformations to Support Software Evolution

Assessing and Improving Code Transformations to Support Soft...

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作者： Gustavo Jansen De Souza Santos Universite de Lille

学位级别：博士

In software development, change is the only constant. Software systems some- times evolve in a substantial way, for example, by migrating the system to a new architecture, or by updating the APIs on which the system depends. During this process, sequences of code transformations (e. g., create a class, implement a given interface, then override a method) are systematically performed in the system (e. g., to some classes in the same hierarchy or package). Due to the repetitive nature of these transformations, some automated support is needed to ensure that these sequences of transformations are consistently applied to the entire system. One solution to deal with systematic code transformation is to allow devel- opers to compose their own sequences of code transformations. These sequences may be defined manually, e. g., by using a language to specify each transformation, or they may be identified from one or more concrete examples of transformations provided by the developer. We argue that existing approaches lack the definition of sequences that are: (i) specific to the system to which they were applied; (ii) eventually complex, i. e., not fully supported by existing refactoring tools; (iii) not localized, i. e., several code entities can be affected at each occurrence of the se- quence; and (iv) self-aware of potential violations that might be introduced as consequence of these transformations. In this thesis we propose to improve source code transformations to better sup- port developers performing more complex and systematic code transformations. We cover two aspects: • The automated support to compose and apply sequences of code transfor- mations. We undergo an investigation on the existence of these sequences in real-world software systems. We propose a tool to automatically apply these sequences in the systems we analyzed. • The detection of design violations during a transformation effort. We un- dergo an investigation on cases of systematic application of ref

关键词： software evolution software maintenance automated code transformation programming by example source code transformation

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Interpretable program synthesis 21

Interpretable program synthesis

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2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: Making Waves, Combining Strengths, CHI 2021

作者： Zhang, Tianyi Chen, Zhiyang Harvard University CambridgeMA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450380966

Program synthesis, which generates programs based on user-provided specifcations, can be obscure and brittle: users have few ways to understand and recover from synthesis failures. We propose interpretable program synthesis, a novel approach that unveils the synthesis process and enables users to monitor and guide a *** designed three representations that explain the underlying synthesis process with diferent levels of fdelity. We implemented an interpretable synthesizer for regular expressions and conducted a within-subjects study with eighteen participants on three challenging regex tasks. With interpretable synthesis, participants were able to reason about synthesis failures and provide strategic feedback, achieving a signifcantly higher success rate compared with a state-of-the-art synthesizer. In particular, participants with a high engagement tendency (as measured by NCS-6) preferred a deductive representation that shows the synthesis process in a search tree, while participants with a relatively low engagement tendency preferred an inductive representation that renders representative samples of programs enumerated during synthesis. © 2021 ACM.

关键词： programming by example Interpretability Program synthesis

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Maximizing User Domain Expertise to Clarify Oblique Specifications of Relational Queries

Maximizing User Domain Expertise to Clarify Oblique Specific...

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作者： Baik, Christopher University of Michigan

While there is abundant access to data management technology today, working with data is still challenging for the average user. One common means of manipulating data is with SQL on relational databases, but this requires knowledge of SQL as well as the database’s schema and contents. Consequently, previous work has proposed oblique query specification (OQS) methods such as natural language or programming-by-example to allow users to imprecisely specify their query intent. These methods, however, suffer from either low precision or low expressivity and, in addition, produce a list of candidate SQL queries that make it difficult for users to select their final target query. My thesis is that OQS systems should maximize user domain expertise to triangulate the user’s desired query. First, I demonstrate how to leverage previously-issued SQL queries to improve the accuracy of natural language interfaces. Second, I propose a system allowing users to specify a query with both natural language and programming-by-example. Finally, I develop a system where users provide feedback on system-suggested tuples to select a SQL query from a set of candidate queries generated by an OQS system.

关键词： relational database SQL natural language interface programming by example oblique query specification Thesis

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TIDY: A PBE-based framework supporting smart transformations for entity consistency in PowerPoint

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INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY 2021年 138卷 106611-106611页

作者： Liu, Shuguan Wang, Huiyan Xu, Chang Nanjing Univ State Key Lab Novel Software Technol Nanjing Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Dept Comp Sci & Technol Nanjing Peoples R China

Context: programming by example (PBE) is increasingly assisting human users by recognizing and executing repetitive tasks, such as text editing and spreadsheet manipulation. Yet, existing work falls short on dealing with rich-formatted documents like PowerPoint (PPT) files, when examples are few and collecting them is intrusive. Objective: This article presents TIDY, a PBE-based framework, to assist automated entity transformations for their layout and style consistency in rich-formatted documents like PowerPoint, in a way adaptive to entity contexts and flexible with user selections. Methods: TIDY achieves this by examining entities' operation histories, and proposes a two-stage framework to first identify user intentions behind histories and then make wise next-operation recommendations for users, in order to maintain the entity consistency for rich-formatted documents. Results: We implemented TIDY as a prototype tool and integrated it into PowerPoint as a plug-in module. We experimentally evaluated TIDY with real-world user operation data. The evaluation reports that TIDY achieved promising effectiveness with a hit rate of 77.3% on average, which was stably holding for a variety of editing tasks. Besides, TIDY took only marginal time overhead, costing several to several tens of milliseconds, to complete each recommendation. Conclusion: TIDY assists users to complete repetitive tasks in rich-formatted documents by non-intrusive user intention recognition and smart next-operation recommendations, which is effective and practically useful.

关键词： programming by example Rich-formatted documents

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SOUNDNESS AND COMPLETENESS OF A SYNTHESIS ALGORITHM BASED ON example COMPUTATIONS

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JOURNAL OF THE ACM 1985年第2期32卷 249-279页

作者： BAUER, MA Univ. of Western Ontario London Ont. Canada

The problem of synthesizing a procedure from example computations is examined. An algorithm for this task is presented, and its success is considered. To do this, a model of procedures and example computations is introduced, and the class of acceptable examples is defined. The synthesis algorithm is shown to be successful, with respect to the model of procedures and examples, from two perspectives. First, it is shown to be sound, that is, that the procedure synthesized from a set of examples produces the same result as the intended one on the inputs used to generate that set of examples. Second, it is shown to be complete, that is, that for any procedure in the class of procedures, there exists a finite set of examples such that the procedure synthesized behaves as the intended one on all inputs for which the intended one halts.

关键词： programming by example

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