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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1987年第4期13卷 472-478页

作者： RAJLICH, V Dep. Comp. Sci. Wayne State Univ. Detroit MI 48202 USA

Refinement Methodology (RM) is presented for the design of Ada programs. The methodology blends stepwise refinement and the information-hiding principle. When Ada is used as a programming language and Refinement Methodology Program Design Language (RMPDL) as a design language, the resulting combination is semi-incremental. The steps of the methodology are explained and demonstrated by an example. A step consists of these activities: 1. selection of a cluster of entities from the current backlog interface, 2. definition of all entities of the cluster, 3. update of the backlog interface, and 4. scanning of the backlog interface for integrity of dataflow and other completeness criteria. A portion of the methodology is a collection of rules by which procedures acquire parameters, called first and 2nd rules for parameters. Past experience with RM is condensed. It is argued that ''with'' clauses of Ada, together with Ada order of compilation, encourage bottom-up programming while discouraging top-down programming, and thus should be considered harmful.

关键词： Software Design Ada Information Hiding Life Cycle Methodologies Program Design Language programming in the large programming Language Constructs

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A FORMAL DESCRIPTION OF EVOLVING SOFTWARE SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURES

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SCIENCE OF COMPUTER programming 1995年第1期24卷 41-61页

作者： LUCENA, CJP ALENCAR, PSC UNIV WATERLOO DEPT COMP SCIWATERLOOON N2L 3G1CANADA

A discussion of the evolution of software system configurations should have some formal basis in order to make the concepts applicable in a broad environment. Formal definitions should be provided for a number of notions associated with this topic including the notions of software system architecture, the restrictions of the software system configurations and the mechanisms used to control the evolution of the structural and functional descriptions. The basis for the logical formalism is a formal description of the transitions that might occur in the software change process, the purpose of the formalism being to allow deductions to be made about the validity of such transitions. Transitions are represented as actions with deontic notions to allow the statement of ''permission'' and ''obligation''. Actions apply to a state model of a change process scenario. This model describes some of the essential features of a configuration management system, that is, versions, and module and subsystem families. Predicates are defined for this model essentially as invariants describing, for example, the relationship between a concrete interface and an abstract interface. We argue the generality of the logical formalism by illustrating its applicability to the expression of change processes in general software descriptions.

关键词： CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE EVOLUTION programming in the large MODAL LOGIC THEOREM PROVER

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THE ADAPIC TOOL SET - SUPPORTING INTERFACE CONTROL AND ANALYSIS THROUGHOUT THE SOFTWARE-DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1989年第3期15卷 250-263页

作者： WOLF, AL CLARKE, LA WILEDEN, JC UNIV MASSACHUSETTS DEPT COMP & INFORMAT SCISOFTWARE DEV LABAMHERSTMA 01003

Despite the importance of describing and analyzing the relationships among a software system's components, most languages and development environments do not provide suitable support for these activities. While Ada and the various existing Ada environments offer some assistance, the capabilities they offer are inadequate for use in truly large and complex software development projects. To address these shortcomings, we are developing the AdaPIC tool set, which we envision as an important component of an Ada software development environment. The AdaPIC tool set is one particular instantiation, specifically adapted for use with Ada, of the more general collection of language features and analysis capabilities that constitute the PlC approach to describing and analyzing relationships among software system components. This tool set is being tailored to support an incremental approach to the interface control aspects of the software development process. Following a discussion of the interface control and incremental development concepts, this paper describes the AdaPIC tool set, concentrating on its analysis tools and support for incremental development and demonstrating how it contributes to the technology for developing large Ada software systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： Index Terms-Module interface control programming in the large software development environments software tools

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Architectural Hoisting

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IEEE SOFTWARE 2014年第4期31卷 12-15页

作者： Fairbanks, George Google Mountain View CA 94043 USA

Architectural hoisting is a design technique where the responsibility for enforcing an intentional design constraint is implemented in the code rather than by relying solely on the diligence of the developers. This can help teams to achieve a global system property by avoiding inconsistences and lapses in implementing design rules. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

关键词： architectural hoisting IEEE programming in the large programming in the small software software architecture software engineering

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Architectural Concepts in programming Languages

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COMPUTER 2010年第10期43卷 88-91页

作者： Broy, Manfred Reussner, Ralf Tech Univ Munich Fac Informat Tech D-8000 Munich Germany Karlsruhe Inst Technol Karlsruhe Germany

The deterioration of architectural structure and the lack of modularity have resulted in major deficiencies that will require more support from components and their interfaces. programming language concepts also must ... 详细信息

关键词： Architectural concepts in programming Harvesting semantics Problem analysis programming in the large Software technologies architectural structure programming languages programming languages software architecture

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An expressive language of signatures 05

An expressive language of signatures

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10th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional programming (ICFP)

作者： Ramsey, N Fisher, K Govereau, P Harvard Univ Div Engn & Appl Sci Cambridge MA 02138 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781595930644

Current languages allow a programmer to describe an interface only by enumerating its parts, possibly including other interfaces wholesale. Such languages cannot express relationships between interfaces, yet when independently developed software components are combined into a larger system, significant relationships arise, To address this shortcoming, we define, as a conservative extension of ML, a language for manipulating interfaces. Our language includes operations for adding, renaming, and removing components;for changing the type associated with a value;for making manifest types abstract and vice versa;and for combining interfaces. These operations can express useful relationships among interfaces. We have defined a formal semantics in which an interface denotes a group of four sets;we show how these sets determine a subtyping relation, and we sketch the elaboration of an interface into its denotation.

关键词： design languages objective Caml Standard ML signatures interfaces signature manipulation programming in the large

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RATIONAL DESIGN OF DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS 3rd

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3RD EUROPEAN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONF ( ESEC 91 )

作者： CATTEL, T Digital Equipement Centre Technique Europe Sarl Chemin du Levant Ferney-Voltaire 01210 France Laboratoire d’lnformatique URA CNRS 822 Université de Franche-Comté Besançon cedex 25030 France

ISBN: (纸本)3540547428

Although numerous distributed programming facilities have been developed, the lack of methodologies to support the design of distributed applications makes the task of designers very difficult. The aim of our work is to contribute to the design of complete distributed applications, stressing first and foremost the quality of the final systems. To reach this goal we propose a software development environment based on a three-phased approach : analysis, design and construction. We will focus on the design and construction phases so as to define the architecture of the application, and to propose an implementation on a technical environment based on a distributed application model including the virtual node concept. Our approach uses the VDM formal method to support the design phase and the Conic distributed language and environment as the target for the implementation. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1991.

关键词： DISTRIBUTED APPLICATION programming in the large RELIABILITY FORMAL SPECIFICATION REFINEMENT VIRTUAL NODE MODULE PORT COMMUNICATION

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TACTICAL TOOLS FOR DISTRIBUTING VDM SPECIFICATIONS 4th

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4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP OF VDM EUROPE ON FORMAL SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODS ( VDM 91 )

作者： CATTEL, T CTR TECH EUROPE SARL F-01210 FERNEY VOLTAIREFRANCE UNIV FRANCHE COMTE INFORMAT LABCNRSURA 822F-25030 BESANCONFRANCE

ISBN: (纸本)9783540548348

A major issue in software engineering is the mastery of sofware design. The increasing distributed programming facilities open lots of new possibilities but make the task of designers more complex. Our work is to contribute to a rational design of real-sized distributable applications. We propose an approach based on the VDM formal method as support for the design phase and based on the Conic distributed language and environment as target for the implementation. We apply successive refinements on a VDM model so as to modify its distributability. The refinements are formalized, their validity is proved and they are tactical tools for a support environment of distributable software design. We express the general architecture of the resulting application into Conic.

关键词： FORMAL SPECIFICATION REFINEMENT DISTRIBUTABLE APPLICATION programming in the large RELIABILITY TACTICAL TOOLS VIRTUAL NODE MODULE PORT COMMUNICATION

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THE PEGASYS SYSTEM - PICTURES AS FORMAL DOCUMENTATION OF large PROGRAMS

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON programming LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS 1986年第4期8卷 524-546页

作者： MORICONI, M HARE, DF SRI International Menlo Park CA SRI International Menlo Park CA

PegsSys is an experimental system in which a user formally describes how a program is put together by means of a hierarchically structured collection of pictures, called formal dependency diagrams (FDDs). Icons in an FDD denote a wide range of data and control dependencies among the relatively coarse-grained entities contained in large programs. Dependencies considered atomic with respect to one level in a hierarchy can be decomposed into a number of dependencies at a lower level. Each dependency can be a predefined primitive of the FDD language or it can be defined by a PegaSys user in terms of the primitives.A PegsSys user is given the illusion that logical formulas do not exist, even though PegaSys reasons about them internally. This involves (1) checking whether an FDD is meaningful syntactically, (2) determining whether hierarchical refinements of an FDD are methodologically sound, and (3) deciding whether an FDD hierarchy is logically consistent with the program that it is intended to describe. The techniques used to provide these capabilities are discussed along with the logical properties that enable PegaSys to maintain the user illusion.

关键词： Ada data and control dependencies design hierarchy graphical formalism mechanical decision procedure programming in the large

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An expressive language of signatures

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ACM SIGPLAN NOTICES 2005年第9期40卷 27-40页

作者： Ramsey, N Fisher, K Govereau, P Harvard Univ Div Engn & Appl Sci Cambridge MA 02138 USA

关键词： design languages objective Caml Standard ML signatures interfaces signature manipulation programming in the large

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