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THE FORMAL DEFINITION OF A REAL-TIME language

ACTA INFORMATICA 1981年第3期16卷 309-345页

作者： HENNESSY, JL KIEBURTZ, RB STANFORD UNIV COMP SYST LABSTANFORDCA 94305 SUNY STONY BROOK STONY BROOKNY 11746

This paper presents the formal definition of TOMAL (Task-Oriented Microprocessor Applications language), a programming language intended for real-time systems running on small processors. The formal definition addresses all aspects of the language. Because some modes of semantic definition seem particularly well-suited to certain aspects of a language, and not as suitable for others, the formal definition employs several complementary modes of *** primary definition is axiomatic and is employed to define most statements of the language. Simple, denotational (but not lattice-theoretic) semantics complement the axiomatic semantics to define type-related features, such as binding of names to types, data type coercions, and evaluation of expressions. Together, the axiomatic and denotational semantics define all features of the sequential language. An operational definition is used to define real-time execution, and to extend the axiomatic definition to account for all aspects of concurrent execution. Semantic constraints, sufficient to guarantee conformity of a program with the axiomatic definition, can be checked by analysis of a TOMAL program at compilation.

关键词： programming language Data Type Formal Definition Operational Definition Denotational Semantic

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FUNCTION ITERATION LOGICS AND FLOWCHART SCHEMATA

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COMPUTING 1975年第3期14卷 285-312页

作者： CHERNIAVSKY, J SUNY DEPT COMP SCI STONY BROOK NY 11790 USA

An interpreted two-sorted logic is defined to allow the representation of a subclass of flowchart schemata. A decision procedure for the equivalence of simple representing formulae within the logic is developed and as a consequence a decision procedure for flowchart schemata within the subclass is demonstrated. Applications of the techniques developed within the paper result in further decision procedures for the equivalence of flowchart schemata in other subclasses. In addition, a decision procedure for the equivalence of programs in a simple programming language is given.

关键词： Computational Mathematic programming language Decision Procedure Function Iteration Simple programming

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A strand graph semantics for DNA-based computation

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THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 2016年 632卷 43-73页

作者： Petersen, Rasmus L. Lakin, Matthew R. Phillips, Andrew Microsoft Res Cambridge England Univ New Mexico Dept Comp Sci Albuquerque NM 87131 USA

DNA nanotechnology is a promising approach for engineering computation at the nanoscale, with potential applications in biofabrication and intelligent nanomedicine. DNA strand displacement is a general strategy for implementing a broad range of nanoscale computations, including any computation that can be expressed as a chemical reaction network. Modelling and analysis of DNA strand displacement systems is an important part of the design process, prior to experimental realisation. As experimental techniques improve, it is important for modelling languages to keep pace with the complexity of structures that can be realised experimentally. In this paper we present a process calculus for modelling DNA strand displacement computations involving rich secondary structures, including DNA branches and loops. We prove that our calculus is also sufficiently expressive to model previous work on non-branching structures, and propose a mapping from our calculus to a canonical strand graph representation, in which vertices represent DNA strands, ordered sites represent domains, and edges between sites represent bonds between domains. We define interactions between strands by means of strand graph rewriting, and prove the correspondence between the process calculus and strand graph behaviours. Finally, we propose a mapping from strand graphs to an efficient implementation, which we use to perform modelling and simulation of DNA strand displacement systems with rich secondary structure. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Strand graph Site graph Process calculus programming language DNA computing Molecular programming Biological computation

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Program entanglement, feature interaction and the feature language extensions

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COMPUTER NETWORKS 2007年第2期51卷 480-495页

作者： Leung, Wu-Hon F. IIT Dept Comp Sci Chicago IL 60616 USA

One of the most difficult tasks in software development is that the programmer must implement a feature going through a laborious and error prone process of modifying the programs of other features. The programs of the different features entangle in the same reusable program units of the prograrnming language, making them also difficult to be verified, maintained and reused. We show that if (C1) the features interact, (C2) they are executed by the same process and (C3) they are implemented in a programming language that requires the programmer to specify execution flows, program entanglement is inevitable and the problem cannot be solved by software design alone. Applications with interacting features are common including those that require exception handling. The feature language extensions (FLX) is a set of programming language constructs designed to enable the programmer to develop interacting features as separate and reusable program modules even though the features interact. The programmer uses FLX to specify non-procedural program units, organize the program units into reusable features and integrate features into executable feature packages. He develops a feature based on a model instead of the code of other features. FLX supports an automatic procedure to detect the interaction condition among features;the programmer then resolve the interaction in a feature package without changing feature code. FLX features and feature packages are reusable;the programmer may package different combinations of them and resolve their interactions differently to meet different user needs. An FLX to Java compiler has been implemented;our experience of using it has been very positive. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： feature interaction program entanglement programming language feature interaction resolution reusable programs exception handling inheritance

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Programmers do not favor lambda expressions for concurrent object-oriented code

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EMPIRICAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 2019年第1期24卷 103-138页

作者： Nielebock, Sebastian Heumueller, Robert Ortmeier, Frank Otto von Guericke Univ Chair Software Engn Fac Comp Sci Magdeburg Germany

Lambda expressions have long been state-of-the-art in the functional programming paradigm. Especially with regard to the use of higher-order functions, they provide developers with a means of defining predicate or projection functions locally, which greatly increases the comprehensibility of the resulting source code. This benefit has motivated language designers to also incorporate lambda expressions into object-oriented (OO) programming languages. In particular, they are claimed to facilitate concurrent programming. One likely reason for this assumption is their purity: pure lambda expressions are free of side effects, and therefore cannot cause, e.g., race conditions. In this paper, we present the first empirical analysis of whether or not this claim is true for OO projects. For this purpose, we investigated the application of lambda expressions in 2923 open-source projects, implemented in one of the most common OO programming languages: C#, C++, and Java. We present three major findings. First, the majority of lambda expressions are not applied in concurrent code and most concurrent code does not make use of lambda expressions. Second, for all three of the languages, we observed that developers compromise their code by applying a significantly higher number of impure, capturing lambda expressions, which are capable of causing race conditions. Finally, we explored further use cases of lambda expressions and found out that testing, algorithmic implementation, and UI are far more common use-cases for the application of lambda expressions. Our results encourage to investigate in more detail the reasons that hinder programmers to apply lambda expressions in concurrent programming and to support developers, e.g., by providing automatic refactorings.

关键词： Lambda expression Concurrency Object-orientation programming language

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Enhancing team collaboration through integrating social interactions in a Web-based development environment

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COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION 2016年第4期24卷 529-545页

作者： Vu Nguyen Hai Hoang Dang Nguyen-Kha Do Dan-Thu Tran VNU HCMC Univ Sci Ho Chi Minh Vietnam VNU HCMC Univ Sci Fac Informat Technol Ho Chi Minh Vietnam

This paper presents the design and evaluation of a Web-based collaborative learning environment called EduCo for learning and practicing team-based exercises in computer science and software engineering courses. EduCo's defining characteristic is integrating a number of services for software development activities, for example, project management, requirements engineering, design, and programming into integrated shared workspaces with social-networking facilities to enhance collaboration among students and instructors. We conducted a controlled experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the system in doing a three-iteration programming project. A total of 126 second-year students who attended an object-oriented programming course participated in the experiment. The results show that while the system was not found to affect student programming performance, it improved student engagement and satisfaction when working in teams. These results imply that the system's shared workspaces and social-networking services have the potential to enhance learning outcomes of students working in teams when these features are integrated into collaborative learning environments. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:529-545, 2016;View this article online at;DOI

关键词： social network collaborative environment social environment programming language

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OBJECT COMMAND-language - A FORMALISM TO BUILD MOLECULAR-MODELS AND TO ANALYZE STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS IN MACROMOLECULES, WITH APPLICATIONS TO NUCLEIC-ACIDS

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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS 1992年第3期10卷 166-&页

作者： GABARROARPA, J COGNET, JAH LEBRET, M Unité de Biochimie-Enzymologie Institut Gustave-Roussy (U140 INSERM URA147 CNRS) France.

We have written a programming language OCL (Object Command language) to solve, in a general way, two recurring problems that arise during the construction of molecular models and during the geometrical characterization of macromolecules: how to move precisely and reproducibly any part of a molecular model in any user-defined local reference axes;and how to calculate standard or user-defined structural parameters that characterize the complex geometries of any macromolecule. OCL endows the user with three main capabilities: the definition of subsets of the macromolecule, called objects in OCL, with a formalism from elementary set theory or lexical analysis;the definition of sequences of elementary geometrical operations, called procedures in OCL, enabling one to build arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) orthonormal reference frames, to be associated with previously defined objects;and the transmission of these definitions to programs that allow one to display, to modify and to analyze interactively the molecular structure, or to programs that perform energy minimizations or molecular dynamics. Several applications to nucleic acids are resented.

关键词： MOLECULAR MODEL BUILDING MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURE PARAMETERS MOLECULAR GRAPHICS MOLECULAR MECHANICS programming language

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Lightweight Named Object: An ICN-Based Abstraction for IoT Device programming and Management

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IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 2019年第3期6卷 5029-5039页

作者： Bracciale, Lorenzo Loreti, Pierpaolo Detti, Andrea Paolillo, Riccardo Melazzi, Nicola Blefari Univ Roma Tor Vergata Dept Elect Engn I-00133 Rome Italy Consorzio Nazl Interuniv Telecomunicaz UDR Roma Tor Vergata I-00133 Rome Italy

The expected dramatic growth of connected things raises the issue of how to efficiently organize them, in order to monitor and manage functions and interactions. Information centric networking (ICN) is a communication paradigm that provides content-oriented functionality in the network and at the network level, including content routing, caching, multicast, mobility, data-centric security, and a flexible namespace. Thus, it is a viable solution for supporting Internet of Things (IoT) services without requiring any centralized entity. In this paper, we introduce the lightweight named object solution: a convenient way to represent physical IoT objects in a derived name space, exploiting ICN. We show that this abstraction can: 1) increase the programming simplicity;2) offer extended functionality, such as augmentation and upgrading, to cope with the "software erosion," and 3) implement a common interaction logic involving mutual function invocation. We present some proof-of-concept implementations of the proposed abstraction dealing with challenging IoT test cases;we also carry out a performance evaluation in a simulated network scenario.

关键词： Augmentation data-centric security distributed objects information centric networking (ICN) Internet of Things (IoT) named data networking (NDN) naming programming language

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SPECIFICATION AND VERIFICATION OF DIGITAL-SYSTEMS USING HIGHER-ORDER PREDICATE LOGIC

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-E COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL TECHNIQUES 1986年第5期133卷 242-254页

作者： HANNA, FK DAECHE, N Electronic Engineering Laboratories University of Kent Canterbury UK

The paper describes how higher-order predicate logic may be used to specify both the structure and the behaviour of a digital system, and to reason about their interrelationship. The overall approach is named VERITAS; the paper concentrates particularly on describing its methodological aspects. The behaviour of a system is specified by a predicate on the analogue waveforms at the ports of the system. In general, behavioural specifications are partial. The internal structure of a system is defined by a set of projection functions that yield its component parts, together with a set of equations describing their interconnections. Reasoning about the behavioural properties of digital systems is carried out within the framework of an axiomatic theory that describes relevant properties of arithmetic, time, waveforms and structures. The logic is embedded within a programming language, MV, whose data types include signature, term and derivation. This allows inferencing to be carried out computationally, which in turn guarantees its correctness.

关键词： arithmetic digital systems specification computer testing higher-order predicate logic programming language projection functions axiomatic theory analogue waveforms Performance evaluation and testing structures waveforms MV VERITAS time verification

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TALTS: A general thermal analyser for lumped thermal systems

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN TECHNOLOGY 1998年第1-2期11卷 127-150页

作者： Wei, SS Chung Shan Inst Sci & Technol Lungtan Taiwan

Presented in this paper is a general thermal analyser for versatile heat transfer problems represented by lumped thermal systems. The analyser is mostly distinguished from existing thermal analysers by (1) using a flexible language to build the input data file, (2) being capable of deleting and adding submodels at any computation time, (3) being able to manipulate thermal and heat transfer properties in the computation, and (4) being accessible to third party libraries. The analyser is also suitable for solving any physical problem which can be both represented by a system of diffusion-typed equations and formulated as a conductance and capacitance network. In addition to the detailed description of using the thermal analyser, the compiler design for the specially developed language is also elaborated.

关键词： compiler design computer-aided engineering lumped system programming language thermal analysis

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