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Dolos: language-agnostic plagiarism detection in source code

JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING 2022年第4期38卷 1046-1061页

作者： Maertens, Rien Van Petegem, Charlotte Strijbol, Niko Baeyens, Toon Jacobs, Arne Carla Dawyndt, Peter Mesuere, Bart Univ Ghent Dept Appl Math Comp Sci & Stat Krijgslaan 281S9 B-9000 Ghent Belgium

Background Learning to code is increasingly embedded in secondary and higher education curricula, where solving programming exercises plays an important role in the learning process and in formative and summative assessment. Unfortunately, students admit that copying code from each other is a common practice and teachers indicate they rarely use plagiarism detection tools. Objectives We want to lower the barrier for teachers to detect plagiarism by introducing a new source code plagiarism detection tool (Dolos) that is powered by state-of-the art similarity detection algorithms, offers interactive visualizations, and uses generic parser models to support a broad range of programming languages. Methods Dolos is compared with state-of-the-art plagiarism detection tools in a benchmark based on a standardized dataset. We describe our experience with integrating Dolos in a programming course with a strong focus on online learning and the impact of transitioning to remote assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results and Conclusions Dolos outperforms other plagiarism detection tools in detecting potential cases of plagiarism and is a valuable tool for preventing and detecting plagiarism in online learning environments. It is available under the permissive MIT open-source license at . Implications Dolos lowers barriers for teachers to discover, prove and prevent plagiarism in programming courses. This helps to enable a shift towards open and online learning and assessment environments, and opens up interesting avenues for more effective learning and better assessment.

关键词： academic dishonesty cheating data visualization online learning plagiarism programming language remote assessment source code

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A Domain-specific language to Facilitate Software Defined Radio Parallel Executable Patterns Deployment on Heterogeneous Architectures

A Domain-specific Language to Facilitate Software Defined Ra...

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33rd IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (IPCCC)

作者： Mohapi, Lerato J. Winberg, Simon Inggs, Michael Univ Cape Town Radar Remote Sensing Grp Dept Elect Engn ZA-7925 Cape Town South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9781479975754

In this paper, we present a domain-specific language, referred to as OptiSDR, that matches high level digital signal processing (DSP) routines for software defined radio (SDR) to their generic parallel executable patterns targeted to heterogeneous computing architectures (HCAs). These HCAs includes a combination of hybrid GPU-CPU and DSP-FPGA architectures that are programmed using different programming paradigms such as C/C++, CUDA, OpenCL, and/or VHDL. OptiSDR presents an intuitive single high-level source code and near specification-level approach for optimization and facilitation of HCAs. OptiSDR uses an optimized embedded domain-specific language (DSL) compiler framework called Delite. Our focus is on the programming language expressiveness for parallel programming and optimization of typical DSP algorithms for deployment on SDR HCAs. We demonstrate the capability of OptiSDR to express the solution to the issues of parallel DSP low-level implementation complexities in the closest way to the original parallel programming of SDR systems. This paper will achieve these by focusing on three generic parallel executable patterns suitable for DSP routines such as cross-correlation, convolution in FIR filter based Hilbert transformers, and fast Fourier transforms for spectral analysis. This paper concludes with a performance analysis using DSP algorithms that tests automatically generated code against hand-crafted solutions.

关键词： FIR filters Hilbert transforms convolution fast Fourier transforms parallel programming program compilers programming languages signal processing software radio spectral analysis telecommunication computing DSL compiler framework DSP algorithms DSP routines DSP-FPGA architectures Delite FIR filter OptiSDR SDR HCA cross-correlation digital signal processing domain-specific language heterogeneous computing architectures high-level source code hybrid GPU-CPU parallel executable patterns deployment programming language programming paradigms software defined radio Computer architecture DSL Digital signal processing Finite impulse response filters Graphics processing units programming

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Ou: Automating the Parallelization of Zero-Knowledge Protocols 23

Ou: Automating the Parallelization of Zero-Knowledge Protoco...

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30th ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (ACM CCS)

作者： Sang, Yuyang Luo, Ning Judson, Samuel Chaimberg, Ben Antonopoulos, Timos Wang, Xiao Piskac, Ruzica Shao, Zhong Yale Univ New Haven CT 06520 USA Northwestern Univ Evanston IL USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400700507

A zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) is a powerful cryptographic primitive used in many decentralized or privacy-focused applications. However, the high overhead of ZKPs can restrict their practical applicability. We design a programming language, Ou, aimed at easing the programmer's burden when writing efficient ZKPs, and a compiler framework, Lian, that automates the analysis and distribution of statements to a computing cluster. Lian uses programming language semantics, formal methods, and combinatorial optimization to automatically partition an Ou program into efficiently sized chunks for parallel ZK-proving and/or verification. We contribute: (1) A front-end language where users can write proof statements as imperative programs in a familiar syntax;(2) A compiler architecture and implementation that automatically analyzes the program and compiles it into an optimized IR that can be lifted to a variety of ZKP constructions;and (3) A cutting algorithm, based on Pseudo-Boolean optimization and Integer Linear programming, that reorders instructions and then partitions the program into efficiently sized chunks for parallel evaluation and efficient state reconciliation.

关键词： programming language Zero-knowledge proofs Parallelization

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Clojerl: The Expressive Power of Clojure on the BEAM 19

Clojerl: The Expressive Power of Clojure on the BEAM

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19th International Workshop on Erlang (Erlang)

作者： Facorro, Juan Chechina, Natalia Bournemouth Univ Bournemouth Dorset England

ISBN: (纸本)9781450380492

The development of new features and approaches in programming languages is a continuous and never-ending task, as languages are ultimately tools for expressing and solving problems. The past decade has seen a surge in languages implemented for the BEAM as part of a search to combine the fault-tolerance and scalability of the BEAM with a set of desired language features. In this paper we present Clojerl, an implementation of the Clojure language with a rich set of data processing capabilities and the expressive power of Lisp for the BEAM. The main design principles of Clojerl are to provide (1) seamless interoperability with the BEAM to enable frictionless interaction with other BEAM languages and (2) portability with Clojure to enable existing Clojure code to run on the BEAM with little or no modifications. We evaluate Clojerl by running a set of experiments that analyse the performance of eight most widely used expressions. While the results of complex expressions show that Clojerl requires further optimisations, Clojerl significantly outperforms Clojure in a set of basic expressions, confirming that Clojerl has the potential to provide a competitive performance while offering a rich set of programming language features.

关键词： BEAM Clojure functional programming programming language fault tolerance scalability concurrency

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Tool support for Domain Analysis of the Software Specification in Natural language

Tool support for Domain Analysis of the Software Specificati...

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IEEE Region 10 Conference on TENCON 2010

作者： Omori, Yoichi Araki, Keijiro Kyushu Univ Grad Sch Informat Sci & Elect Engn Fukuoka 812 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424468904

Most software specifications are discussed on natural language among stakeholders. There is, however, a semantic gap between natural language and programming language, which sometime causes discrepancies between them and misunderstanding among stakeholders. Formal language compensates the gap so that realizes early verification in software development process. We developed a dictionary tool to support the translation from natural language to formal language. The tool provides functionalities those are easy registration of keywords to the dictionary and exhaustive marking of the keywords. The dictionary represents a map between equivalent keywords in natural language and formal language which gives defined semantics, and the tool enhance the coverage of the keywords in the formal specification. In short, the dictionary contains conceptual keywords and specific semantics in the problem;therefore, it corresponds to a domain of the system. A system generally belongs to multi problem domains and also contains multi sub domains, consequently some dictionaries should be dynamically alternated through the translation process. APIs related to dictionary operation are proposed and verified in this paper, and the dictionary class is introduced to map the relation among domains.

关键词： conceptual keywords dictionaries dictionary tool domain analysis formal language formal languages formal specification formal specification formal verification natural language natural languages programming language software development process software s

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Using Social Platforms to Increase Engagement in Teaching Computer programming

Using Social Platforms to Increase Engagement in Teaching Co...

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CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Sakpere, Aderonke Busayo Univ Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450359719

programming has the potential to bring to life that which is most minute in man's imagination. Imagination, however, it will all remain, if no appropriate intervention is made to facilitate the learning of programming. Research studies show that the traditional, face-to-face method of teaching does not provide an enabling environment for learning programming. Hence, outside-classroom intervention is called for. Certain previous studies have tried to build new tools to support the outside-classroom intervention. However, there a need to study the use of existing, familiar and relaxing environments, such as social media, for this intervention. In this paper, we investigate the capability of a social media platform to support the learning of programming among learners in the developing world. We chose the WhatsApp platform as the starting point to uncover these design needs. We also reflected on the lessons learnt using this intervention.

关键词： Computer Supported Cooperative Work HCI for Development Learners programming language Social Media WhatsApp

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Polymorphic computation in locus coeruleus networks

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NATURE NEUROSCIENCE 2017年第11期20卷 1517-1519页

作者： Seo, Dong-oh Bruchas, Michael R. Washington Univ Sch Med Dept Anesthesiol Div Basic Res St Louis MO 63110 USA Washington Univ Sch Med Dept Neurosci Div Biol & Biomed Sci St Louis MO USA Washington Univ Sch Med Dept Psychiat Div Biol & Biomed Sci St Louis MO 63110 USA Washington Univ Sch Med Washington Univ Pain Ctr St Louis MO USA

Physiological and optogenetic dissection of discrete locus coeruleus neuronal populations reveals a functional disassociation, with heterogeneous engagement of locus coeruleus neurons in either fear learning or extinc... 详细信息

关键词： Fear conditioning Locus coeruleus Optogenetics programming language

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Compiler-Driven Simulation of Reconfigurable Hardware Accelerators 28

Compiler-Driven Simulation of Reconfigurable Hardware Accele...

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28th Annual IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)

作者： Li, Zhijing Ye, Yuwei Neuendorffer, Stephen Sampson, Adrian Cornell Univ Ithaca NY 14853 USA Xilinx Inc San Jose CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665420273

As customized accelerator design has become increasingly popular to keep up with the demand for high performance computing, it poses challenges for modern simulator design to adapt to such a large variety of accelerators. Existing simulators tend to two extremes: low-level and general approaches, such as RTL simulation, that can model any hardware but require substantial effort and long execution times;and higher-level application-specific models that can be much faster and easier to use but require one-off engineering effort. This work proposes a compiler-driven simulation workflow that can model configurable hardware accelerator. The key idea is to separate structure representation from simulation by developing an intermediate language that can flexibly represent a wide variety of hardware constructs. We design the Event Queue (EQueue) dialect of MLIR, a dialect that can model arbitrary hardware accelerators with explicit data movement and distributed event-based control;we also implement a generic simulation engine to model EQueue programs with hybrid MLIR dialects representing different abstraction levels. We demonstrate two case studies of EQueue-implemented accelerators: the systolic array of convolution and SIMD processors in a modern FPGA. In the former we show EQueue simulation is as accurate as a state-of-the-art simulator, while offering higher extensibility and lower iteration cost via compiler passes. In the latter we demonstrate our simulation flow can guide designer efficiently improve their design using visualizable simulation outputs.

关键词： programming language MLIR Multi-level Abstractions Simulation Accelerators Reconfigurable Hardware

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zkay: Specifying and Enforcing Data Privacy in Smart Contracts 19

zkay: Specifying and Enforcing Data Privacy in Smart Contrac...

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ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS)

作者： Steffen, Samuel Bichsel, Benjamin Gersbach, Mario Melchior, Noa Tsankov, Petar Vechev, Martin Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450367479

Privacy concerns of smart contracts are a major roadblock preventing their wider adoption. A promising approach to protect private data is hiding it with cryptographic primitives and then enforcing correctness of state updates by Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge (NIZK) proofs. Unfortunately, NIZK statements are less expressive than smart contracts, forcing developers to keep some functionality in the contract. This results in scattered logic, split across contract code and NIZK statements, with unclear privacy guarantees. To address these problems, we present the zkay language, which introduces privacy types defining owners of private values. zkay contracts are statically type checked to (i) ensure they are realizable using NIZK proofs and (ii) prevent unintended information leaks. Moreover, the logic of zkay contracts is easy to follow by just ignoring privacy types. To enforce zkay contracts, we automatically transform them into contracts equivalent in terms of privacy and functionality, yet executable on public blockchains. We evaluated our approach on a proof-of-concept implementation generating Solidity contracts and implemented 10 interesting example contracts in zkay. Our results indicate that zkay is practical: On-chain cost for executing the transformed contracts is around 1M gas per transaction (similar to 0.50US$) and off-chain cost is moderate.

关键词： Privacy blockchain programming language zero-knowledge proofs

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Bit-Error Injection for Software Developers

Bit-Error Injection for Software Developers

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Software Evolution Week / IEEE Conference on Software Maintenance, Reengineering, and Reverse Engineering (CSMR-WCRE)

作者： Heing-Becker, Marcel Kamph, Timo Schupp, Sibylle Hamburg Univ Technol TUHH Inst Software Syst Hamburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479937523

This paper presents FITIn, a bit-error injection tool designed for evaluating software-implemented hardware fault tolerance (SIHFT) mechanisms. Like most bit-error injection tools, FITIn injects faults at run time into the binary of a program. Unlike previous bit-error injection tools, FITIn allows a software developer to control the targets of injection campaigns at the level of a higher programming language rather than assembler. FITIn is implemented as a Valgrind plugin and has been tested for C programs. We present its architecture, demonstrate its functioning using examples from three benchmarks (Dhrystone, STAMP, and CoreMark), provide performance figures, and discuss general limitations of the approach.

关键词： C language fault tolerant computing program testing software tools C programs FITIn SIHFT Valgrind plugin assembler bit-error injection tool injection campaigns programming language software developer software developers software-implemented hardware fault tolerance mechanisms Benchmark testing Elevators Hardware Registers Robustness Software

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