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19th NICOGRAPH International Conference (NicoInt)

作者： Yokoyama, Hiroshi Fukui, Masanori Matsumoto, Takahiro Mori, Yoshitatsu Takami, Tomoyuki Osaka Electrocommun Univ Osaka Japan Hyogo Univ Teachers Educ Kato Hyogo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728187716

In recent years, RPA has been widely used to automate office work. In this study, we use this RPA for playing digital games. The purpose of this research is to utilize the programming techniques used in RPA for game play as teaching materials for programming. As a first step, we examined what areas of programming learning would be possible with gameplay RPA. In recent ICT environments, programming of images and sounds frequently occurs. There are also many opportunities to use Web API and machine learning libraries. We think that it is necessary to create new teaching materials in response to changes in the programming environment. Gameplay RPA will also have a great effect on raising the motivation for learning.

关键词： component Python programming programming materials RPA

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An exploratory study of technological knowledge when pupils are designing a programmed technological solution using BBC Micro:bit

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN EDUCATION 2022年第1期32卷 355-381页

作者： Cederqvist, Anne-Marie Univ Gothenburg Dept Pedag Curricular & Profess Studies POB 300 S-40530 Gothenburg Sweden

Technology educators often provide activities where pupils design programmed technological solutions (PTS) with various programming materials for developing pupils' technological knowledge related to PTS and digital technology. However, few studies have investigated how pupils experience these activities. To fill this gap in knowledge, this phenomenographic study explores how pupils experience designing a PTS using BBC Micro:bit and identifies the technological knowledge these pupils need, in terms of critical aspects (i.e., aspects necessary to discern), to successfully solve a real world task-the design and coding of a burglar alarm. The data were gathered from sketches, interviews, and video-recordings of pupils aged 10 and 14. This study shows that the pupils struggled with two intertwined phenomena during the activity: the dual nature of the PTS (i.e., the structure and function) and the BBC Micro:bit material. The findings indicated that the pupils needed to understand what components to use based on their function and how to organise these components so they interacted with a code that used feedback control. That is, the pupils needed to code a conditional statement by combining blocks in the BBC Micro:bit editor. To produce working code, the pupils needed to know what the blocks represent, where to find the blocks in the editor, and how to interpret the shapes of the blocks. The results have implications for teaching technological knowledge, suggesting an importance of addressing these phenomena and critical aspects with respect to developing pupils' conceptual and procedural knowledge related to designing PTS with BBC Micro:bit.

关键词： Technology education Technological solutions programming programming materials BBC Micro bit Phenomenography

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Designing and coding with BBC micro:bit to solve a real-world task - a challenging movement between contexts

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EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2022年第5期27卷 5917-5951页

作者： Cederqvist, A-M Univ Gothenburg Dept Pedag Curricular & Profess Studies POB 300 S-40530 Gothenburg Sweden

Designing programmed technological solutions (PTS) with programming materials has become a way to contextualise educational content related to PTS and programming. However, studies show that pupils have difficulties conceptualising central phenomena involved in the process, which affects their ability to design PTS. In order to understand these difficulties, this study investigates pupils' ways of experiencing the process of solving a real-world task with a programming material. The study takes its point of departure from a previous study that identified two central phenomena, the dual nature (structure and function) of PTS and the BBC micro:bit material, when pupils, aged 10 and 14, were designing a burglar alarm with the BBC micro:bit. The data was revisited with the aim of analysing pupils' sequential discernment of critical aspects of the phenomena (i.e. aspects necessary to discern in order to understand phenomena), and how this affects how the design process unfolds. The results show that the movement from the real-world context toward the BBC micro:bit context is challenging. Pupils need to be able to connect conditions in the real-world context both to aspects of the dual nature of their PTS, and to aspects of the BBC micro:bit material that represent the dual nature. This suggests the importance of appreciating the BBC micro:bit context and the real-world context in relation to the dual nature of PTS, and of addressing the sequential stages of the process in which aspects of phenomena and their interrelations are emphasised, to help pupils see the PTS in the changing contexts.

关键词： Technological solutions programming programming materials BBC micro bit Technology education Phenomenography

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Pupils' ways of understanding programmed technological solutions when analysing structure and function

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EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2020年第2期25卷 1039-1065页

作者： Cederqvist, Anne-Marie Univ Gothenburg Dept Pedag Curricular & Profess Studies POB 300 S-40530 Gothenburg Sweden

programming has recently become part of Swedish technology education;pupils should now be able to analyse existing programmed technological solutions, and be able to design new ones. Teachers facing this curriculum change need guidance on how to teach and what to address, based on how pupils understand the content. The aim of this study is to investigate pupils' different ways of understanding programmed technological solutions when analysing their structure and function. Taking a phenomenographic approach, interviews were conducted with pupils aged 11-12. In the interviews, prepared contexts were used: Micro:bit constructions and programmed technological solutions from everyday life. The results show that pupils have different approaches to programmed technological solutions based on what parts are discerned in the prepared contexts, and also that pupils approach the two prepared contexts differently. The parts that are critical to discern in both of the contexts are the physical structure of components in the technological solution, how the components work and what their function is in the solution, as well as the logic in the code and how it controls the components and the flow of information that determines the function of the solution. The discernment of these parts is necessary to transcend the contextual details and generalize the understanding of structure and function in programmed technological solutions. These results have implications for teaching with concrete programming materials, suggesting a need to focus on facilitating discernment of the parts and addressing the similarities and the differences between different contexts in order to reach a generalized understanding.

关键词： programming Technology education Primary pupils programming materials Technological solutions Systems thinking

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Fabricating Gradient Transparency: A Bio-Inspired Digital Design Model and Prototyping Methods

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3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2017年第1期4卷 41-52页

作者： Vamvakidis, Gerasimos (Simos) Natl Tech Univ Athens Dept Architecture Tomeas 1 Patiss 42 Athens 10682 Greece

Multilayered 3D printing is already allowing architects, designers, and engineers to experiment with new design processes and new ways of production. A new field of research focuses on bio-inspired material finding and computer-aided fabrication processes. This article explores performance-driven design possibilities through a study of marine animals, specifically cephalopods, and then roposes a novel computational and fabrication model. This computation model, which is named "Pigment Skin," imitates the cephalopods pigment distribution system to fit complex host surfaces. "The study is divided into two parts;the first part focused on analysing the biological principles of Cephalopods skin and translating them to a computational model. This article focuses on the second part, with the main question being how to apply computer-aided prototyping using the latest multimaterial 3D printing to fabricate complex surfaces with gradient transparency based on a computational bio-inspired model. The presented 3D printing methods, techniques, and material tests demonstrate the first successful physical model results of complex prototype surfaces with gradient transparency using single and multimaterial 3D printing.

关键词： transparency multimaterial 3D printing marine animals programming materials computational design bio-inspired materials

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