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What's their story? Students share their experiences and understandings of barriers for success within alternative programs designed for "at-risk" youth

What's their story? Students share their experiences and und...

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作者： Cooper, Kathryn Jill University of Manitoba

学位级别：硕士

Despite many alternative programs designed for students who have been labelled as unsuccessful within traditional environments, in the urban context where this study takes place, large numbers of students are leaving before receiving high school diplomas. Studies within the educational literature describe the reasons why students are pushed out of schools as well as possible models for alternatives. What is lacking in the research are the voices of students themselves. In response to this gap, questions were posed to four former students that aimed to understand their experiences in order to influence design and programming for future alternative programs. In this context, "alternative" refers to those educational sites attended by students who have typically been failed by more traditional schools. This study, while influenced by narrative inquiry's use of story, uses qualitative semi structured interviews as a methodology. The analysis of these stories raises questions of power, agency, and the role of schools in meeting the needs of all learners. The participants' stories show a need for alternative programs to have clearly defined and articulated visions, attention to the overall purpose and intent of course activities and learning experiences, as well as a more holistic view of the student. Reimagining equitable student-teacher relationships, open access for different populations of learners, advocacy for students, and design models that are constantly re-examined and upgraded based on the needs of students were important conclusions. Despite the initial intention to focus this study on alternative schools and programs for so called "at-risk" learners, the findings suggest that educators and policy makers should pay attention to student experience within alternative education in order to improve those programs as well as their traditional counterparts so there is no longer a need for alternatives.

关键词： Alternative Education Marginalized Students programming models

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Next generation system software for future high-end computing systems 16

Next generation system software for future high-end computin...

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16th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, IPDPS 2002

作者： Gao, G.R. Theobald, K.B. Hu, Ziang Wu, Haiping Lu, Jizhu Sterling, T.L. Pingali, K. Stodghill, P. Stevens, R. Hereld, M. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Univ. of Delaware United States Center for Advanced Computing Research California Institute of Technology United States Dept. of Computer Science Cornell Univ. United States Argonne National Laboratory Univ. of Chicago United States

ISBN: (纸本)0769515738

Future high-end computers will offer great performance improvements over today's machines, enabling applications of far greater complexity. However, designers must solve the challenge of exploiting massive parallelism efficiency in the face of very high latencies across the memory hierarchy. We believe the key to meeting this challenge is the design and implementation of new models and languages which address the problems of parallelism and latency on such machines. This paper presents an overview of our ongoing research toward this goal. Specifically, we will develop a suitable program execution model, a high-level programming notation, and a compiler and runtime system based on the underlying models. These are based on our previous work in parallel multithreaded systems, but are suitably enhanced to meet the needs of future high-end computers. © 2002 IEEE.

关键词： EARTH parallel computing percolation programming models supercomputing

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programming Challenges & Solutions for Multi-Processor SoCs: An Industrial Perspective 11

Programming Challenges & Solutions for Multi-Processor SoCs:...

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48th ACM/IEEE/EDAC Design Automation Conference (DAC)

作者： Paulin, Pierre STMicroelectronics Inc Ottawa ON K2H 8R6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781450306362

In this paper, we describe challenges and solutions for programming multi-processor systems-on-a-chip, based on our experience in programming Platform2012, a large-scale multicore fabric under development by STMicroelectronics and CEA, using the MultiFlex multi-core programming environment. We present a component-based environment which is the basis for a rich set of parallel programming constructs supporting task level and data level parallelism. The MultiFlex programming tools are described, supporting platform mapping, debug, trace and analysis. We discuss the applicability of different parallel programming model variants for two versions of a high-definition VC-1 decoding video application. These two versions are mapped onto variants of a homogeneous multi-core platform.

关键词： programming models components multi-core platform mapping

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Towards a SYCL API for Approximate Computing 23

Towards a SYCL API for Approximate Computing

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International Conference on OpenCL (IWOCL)

作者： Carpentieri, Lorenzo Cosenza, Biagio Univ Salerno Salerno Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798400707452

Approximate computing is a well-known method [7] to achieve higher performance or lower energy consumption while accepting a loss of output accuracy. Many applications such as image processing and neural networks, are tolerant of a certain amount of error, and have the potential for significant improvements in terms of execution time and energy consumption. The most advanced software approximation techniques are mixed precision, which uses a lower precision data representation for both integer and floating point variables [1, 4]; perforation, which skips instruction blocks in a program, iterations in a loop, or data in buffers assuming that nearby data have similar values [2, 5, 6, 8]; and relaxed synchronization which removes synchronization points that represent one of the major bottleneck in parallel applications [3, 9]. These approximate approaches differ in performance achieved and also in error produced. Usually, perforation and synchronization elision have higher performance compared with mixed precision but produce more errors. In particular, synchronization elision introduces non-deterministic errors that are complex to handle. Support for approximate computing is provided by the SYCL heterogeneous programming model often used for developing portable HPC applications. SYCL supports approximate computing by providing a set of built-in functions and data types that can be used to perform approximate operations, such as half-floating-point reductions and bit-level operations. In this technical talk, we present SYprox, a SYCL-based API supporting a broad set of approximation techniques in modern C++. SYprox introduces a set of semantics that extend SYCL’s buffers and accessors to provide a high-level easy-to-use programming API. It supports data perforation and elision patterns for efficient approximation, as well as signal reconstruction algorithms for error mitigation. Figure 1 (a) depicts the accurate execution of an application while Figure 1 (b) shows the

关键词： Approximate Computing programming models Data Perforation Data Reconstruction Synchronization Elision

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Unification of Lightweight Thread Solutions and their Application in High Performance programming

Unification of Lightweight Thread Solutions and their Applic...

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作者： Castelló Gimeno, Adrián Universitat Jaume I

学位级别：ET

Distintas bibliotecas de hilos ligeros (HLs) se han desarrollado para lidiar con paralelismo de grano fino y código dinámico. Estas bibliotecas se basan en el concepto de hilos que se gestionan en el espacio de usuario. Esta tesis pretende ensalzar el uso de HLs resolviendo el problema de portabilidad com una interfaz común. Concretamente, las contribuciones son: 1)Descomposición de distintas soluciones de HLs desde un punto de vista semántico que identifica sus puntos fuertes y débiles, 2)Diseño e implementación de una interfaz común llamada Generic Lightweight THreads (GLT), 3)Implementación de la interfaz de Pthreads sobre GLT, y 4)Diseño e implementación de OpenMP y OmpSs sobre GLT

关键词： Lightweight Threads GLT programming models POSIX Threads OpenMP Tecnologies de la informació i les comunicacions (TIC) 004 68

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Seamlessly Portable Applications: Managing the Diversity of Modern Heterogeneous Systems

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON ARCHITECTURE AND CODE OPTIMIZATION 2012年第4期8卷 42-42页

作者： Kicherer, Mario Nowak, Fabian Buchty, Rainer Karl, Wolfgang Karlsruhe Inst Technol D-76049 Karlsruhe Germany

Nowadays, many possible configurations of heterogeneous systems exist, posing several new challenges to application development: different types of processing units usually require individual programming models with dedicated runtime systems and accompanying libraries. If these are absent on an end-user system, e.g. because the respective hardware is not present, an application linked against these will break. This handicaps portability of applications being developed on one system and executed on other, differently configured heterogeneous systems. Moreover, the individual profit of different processing units is normally not known in advance. In this work, we propose a technique to effectively decouple applications from their accelerator-specific parts, respectively code. These parts are only linked on demand and thereby an application can be made portable across systems with different accelerators. As there are usually multiple hardware-specific implementations for a certain task, e.g., a CPU and a GPU version, a method is required to determine which are usable at all and which one is most suitable for execution on the current system. With our approach, application and hardware programmers can express the requirements and the abilities of the application and the hardware-specific implementations in a simplified manner. During runtime, the requirements and abilities are compared with regard to the present hardware in order to determine the usable implementations of a task. If multiple implementations are usable, an online-learning history-based selector is employed to determine the most efficient one. We show that our approach chooses the fastest usable implementation dynamically on several systems while introducing only a negligible overhead itself. Applied to an MPI application, our mechanism enables exploitation of local accelerators on different heterogeneous hosts without preliminary knowledge or modification of the application.

关键词： Design Performance Heterogeneity programming models adaptive systems

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Handling Iterations in Distributed Dataflow Systems

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ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS 2022年第9期54卷 199-199页

作者： Gevay, Gabor E. Soto, Juan Markl, Volker Tech Univ Berlin Database Syst & Informat Management DIMA Grp Einsteinufer 17 D-10587 Berlin Germany German Res Ctr Artificial Intelligence DFKI Alt Moabit 91c D-10559 Berlin Germany

Over the past decade, distributed dataflow systems (DDS) have become a standard technology. In these systems, users write programs in restricted dataflow programming models, such as MapReduce, which enable them to scale out program execution to a shared-nothing cluster of machines. Yet, there is no established consensus that prescribes how to extend these programming models to support iterative algorithms. In this survey, we review the research literature and identify how DDS handle control flow, such as iteration, from both the programming model and execution level perspectives. This survey will be of interest for both users and designers of DDS.

关键词： Control flow iteration Distributed dataflows programming models Higher-order functions

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Evaluating Performance and Energy-efficiency of a Parallel Signal Correlation Algorithm on Current Multi and Manycore Architectures

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Procedia Computer Science 2016年 80卷 1566-1576页

作者： Arne Hendricks Thomas Heller Andreas Schäfer Max Kasparek Dietmar Fey Department Computer Science Department of Computer Architecture Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany The STE||AR Group Fraunhofer Institut für integrierte Schaltungen (IIS) Nürnberg Germany

Increasing variety and affordability of multi- and many-core embedded architectures can pose both a challenge and opportunity to developers of high performance computing applications. In this paper we present a case study where we develop and evaluate a unified parallel approach to a signal-correlation algorithm,currently in-use in a commercial/industrial locating system. We utilize both HPX C++ and CUDA runtimes to achieve scalable code for current embedded multi- and many-core architectures (NVIDIA Tegra, Intel Broadwell M, Arm Cortex A-15). We also compare our approach onto traditional high-performance hardware as well as a native embedded many-core variant. To increase the accuracy of our performance analysis we introduce dedicated performance model. The results show that our approach is feasible and enables us to harness the advantages of modern micro-server architectures, but also indicates that there are limitations to some of the currently existing many-core embedded architectures, that can lead to traditional hardware being superior both in efficiency and absolute performance.

关键词： programming models Many Core Runtimes User Feedback Micro Servers Shared Memory

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DYNAMIC programming AND GEOGRAPHICAL SYSTEMS

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ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY 1970年第2期46卷 350-366页

作者： MACKINNON, RD UNIV TORONTO TORONTOONTARIOCANADA

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size

关键词： Dynamic programming Water resources Transportation Farm economics Geographic regions Control theory Cost functions programming models

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Dynamic Data-driven Avionics Systems: Inferring Failure Modes from Data Streams

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Procedia Computer Science 2015年 51卷 1665-1674页

作者： Shigeru Imai Alessandro Galli Carlos A. Varela Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 USA

Dynamic Data-Driven Avionics Systems (DDDAS) embody ideas from the Dynamic Data- Driven Application Systems paradigm by creating a data-driven feedback loop that analyzes spatio-temporal data streams coming from aircraft sensors and instruments, looks for errors in the data signaling potential failure modes, and corrects for erroneous data when possible. In case of emergency, DDDAS need to provide enough information about the failure to pilots to support their decision making in real-time. We have developed the PILOTS system, which supports data-error tolerant spatio-temporal stream processing, as an initial step to realize the concept of DDDAS. In this paper, we apply the PILOTS system to actual data from the Tuninter 1153 (TU1153) flight accident in August 2005, where the installation of an incorrect fuel sensor led to a fatal accident. The underweight condition suggesting an incorrect fuel indication for TU1153 is successfully detected with 100% accuracy during cruise flight phases. Adding logical redundancy to avionics through a dynamic data-driven approach can significantly improve the safety of flight.

关键词： programming models Spatio-temporal data Data streaming

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