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FROM OBJECTS TO CLASSES - ALGORITHMS FOR OPTIMAL OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1991年第4期6卷 205-228页

作者： LIEBERHERR, KJ BERGSTEIN, P SILVALEPE, I College of Computer Science Northeastern University Boston USA

The contributions of this paper are two-fold: first, we introduce a novel, axiomatically defined, object-oriented data model called the Demeter kernel model;and secondly, we present abstraction and optimisation algorithms and their relationships for designing classes from objects in the kernel model. We analyse several computational problems underlying the class design process, which is divided into two phases;a learning phase and an optimisation phase. This study focuses on approximation algorithms for the optimisation phase and aims to lead to a better understanding and a partial automation of the object-oriented design process. The algorithms and the theory presented here have been implemented in the C + + Demeter System, a CASE tool for object-oriented design and programming.

关键词： software tools Minimum Class Dictionary Learning directed graphs directed graph approximation algorithms Systems analysis and programming Combinatorial mathematics optimisation algorithms optimisation abstraction data structures C++Demeter System Demeter kernel model object-oriented programming class dictionary graph object-oriented design object-oriented data model programming support CASE tool Optimisation techniques

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A SOFTWARE TOOL FOR TESTING JSP DESIGNED PROGRAMS

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1987年第2期2卷 46-52页

作者： ROPER, RMF SMITH, P SUNDERLAND POLYTECH DEPT MATH & COMP STUDIESSUNDERLAND SR1 35DENGLAND

The aim of this paper is to present a new structural testing method for use with Jackson structured programming designed programs. The problems associated with testing are outlined and the concepts behind structural testings are briefly discussed. The new structural testing method (STM) is described. The method involves the creation of a path expression from the program structure and the sbsequent expansion of the expression into a set paths. An example describes the application of the methods. A software tool written in Prolog to support STM is described in detail, again with the use of an example. The applicability of the method and supporting tool to practising software engineers is discussed, along with the advantages and disadvantages Further work being undertaken by the authors is outlined.

关键词： Jackson structured programming software tools programming support structural testing structured programming program testing JSP designed programs software tool Systems analysis and programming path expression

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BUILDING YOUR OWN SOFTWARE-DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1991年第5期6卷 317-331页

作者： SUGIYAMA, Y HOROWITZ, E UNIV SO CALIF DEPT COMP SCILOS ANGELESCA 90089

The full power of process programming can only be achieved by a system in which we can dynamically design and execute the software process model, as well as the environment which executes the software process model. We are developing a new process modelling strategy (meta-model) called the object process model and an object process modelling environment (meta-environment) OPM, which allows us to design and build both software process models and software development environments that execute the software process models. In the object process model, software process models are not static entities executed by the environment. An executing software process provides a working environment in which software designers can work in order to accomplish a wide variety of software development tasks. In OPM, software process models are described in an object-oriented process programming language called Galois and are executed by the Galois runtime system. OPM itself is written in Galois, and therefore it is considered as a software process running on top of the Galois runtime system. Galois is syntactically a superset of C + + but has four major innovations beyond conventional programming languages: meta-classes, derivation, typed functions and rule-based features. This paper presents the object process model and shows how software process models and software development environments can be designed in the process programming language Galois.

关键词： process modelling strategy software development environments programming environments object process modelling environment object process model Galois software process models meta-environment Object-oriented programming OPM software designers High level languages C++ object-oriented programming executing software process programming support Galois runtime system object-oriented process programming language C language

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A mutual alternative routing model for circuit-switched networks

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1996年第4期8卷 183-190页

作者： Duggan, P Telecom Eireann Dublin Ireland

Security measures are being applied in the Telecom Eireann trunk telephone network to minimise disruption due to excess traffic or system failure. Dynamic measures, such as network management, will be deployed in the very near future, but in the meantime static measures are being applied. Geographically separate exchanges of the same status are provided at major nodes with traffic shared equally between them on separate transmission links. Rerouting is provided automatically when a system fails, but at a reduced grade of service. The paper presents a model which simulates this concept of mutual alternative routing using the UNIX-based OPNET* package.

关键词： software tools grade of service excess traffic circuit switching Telephony UNIX-based OPNET package circuit-switched networks system failure telephone networks Communication switching telecommunication traffic transmission links trunk telephone network security of data Communication network design, planning and routing dynamic measures static measures telecommunication computing security measures Telecom Eireann programming support telecommunication network routing simulation Security aspects Operating systems software packages network nodes mutual alternative routing model Unix network management Optimised Network Engineering Tools telephone exchanges Simulation techniques digital simulation Communications computing

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A SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PARADIGM FOR PROGRAM SYNTHESIS

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1994年第5期9卷 213-220页

作者： WILLIS, C PADDON, D UNIV BRISTOL DEPT COMP SCIBRISTOL BS8 1TWAVONENGLAND

The past study of program synthesis has mainly concentrated on attempting to synthesis programs by duplicating human methods for constructing programs, such as top-down design. Here we do not attempt this process but instead use a simple method that is based on sound software engineering practice. Knuth-Bendix completion is used in the synthesis process but without the need for the exhaustive completion of program axioms against each other. A software engineering framework is used to reduce the pairs of completed program axioms to the optimum for synthesising the required program. Examples of program synthesis are given and contrasted with an ad hoc method of synthesis.

关键词： software engineering formal specification top-down design programming support Knuth-Bendix completion Software engineering techniques program synthesis software engineering paradigm automatic programming completed program axioms

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A DISTRIBUTED FILE SERVER FOR EMBEDDED APPLICATIONS

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1988年第5期3卷 142-148页

作者： MUKHERJEE, A KRAMER, J MAGEE, J ADV TECHNOL INST CALCUTTA 700064INDIA UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI & TECHNOL DEPT COMPLONDON SW7 2BZENGLAND

This paper describes the design and implementation of a distributed file system (dfs) for embedded applications. The services provided in dfs include transaction management, file management and file access. Client processes use message passing to access these services. The file system provides client processes with different types of files. These includereplicatedfiles, with identical copies stored at multiple nodes, andconsistentfiles, stored at a single node. Both are accessed only within transactions. Multiple readers or a single writer are allowed access to the files, and updates are performed atomically using a co-ordinated commit protocol over multiple sites. A novel concurrency control algorithm which provides deterministic response and avoids deadlock has been designed to resolve contention. Other types of file are also provided for low-overhead storage of less critical data. This paper motivates the need for different types of file, and describes the design and implementation of dfs using the CONIC programming environment for the construction of distributed systems.

关键词： file servers programming environments distributed processing concurrency control Computer networks and techniques CONIC programming environment protocols replicated files deterministic response transaction management distributed file server distributed systems consistent files file access embedded applications File organisation file organisation message passing Operating systems programming support commit protocol file management

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Role of 3-D graphics in NDT data processing

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-SCIENCE MEASUREMENT AND TECHNOLOGY 2001年第4期148卷 149-158页

作者： McNab, A Reilly, D Potts, A Toft, M Univ Strathclyde Dept Elect & Elect Engn Ctr Ultrasonc Engn Glasgow G1 1XW Lanark Scotland BNFL Magnox Generat Berkeley GL13 9PB Glos England

Visualisation in 3-D can significantly improve the interpretation and understanding of imaged NDT data sets. The advantages of using 3-D graphics to assist in the interpretation of ultrasonic data are discussed in the context of an advanced software environment for the reconstruction, visualisation and analysis of 3-D images within a component CAD model. The software combines the analysis features of established 2-D packages with facilities for real-time data rotation, interactive orthogonal/oblique slicing and 'true' image reconstruction, where scanning-surface shape and reflection from component boundaries are accounted for through interaction with the full 3-D model of the component. A number of novel facilities exploit the graphics capability of the system. These include the overlay of 3-D images with individual control of image transparency;a floating tooltip window for interrogation of data point co-ordinates and amplitude;image annotation tools, including 3-D distance measurement;and automated defect sizing based on '6dB drop' and,maximum amplitude' methods. A graphical user interface has also been designed for a well established flaw response model, which allows the user to easily specify the flaw size, shape, orientation and location;probe parameters and scan pattern on the component. The output is presented as a simulated ultrasound image.

关键词： Graphical user interfaces scanning-surface reflection CAD Materials testing 3D graphics role graphical user interface real-time data rotation Testing flaw detection maximum amplitude method graphical user interfaces component CAD model simulated ultrasound image Graphics techniques ultrasonic materials testing Computerised instrumentation programming support scanning-surface shape floating tooltip window interactive orthogonal/oblique slicing Computer vision and image processing techniques imaged NDT data sets ultrasonic data images overlay flaw response model inspection flaw location data point coordinates image transparency control 3D visualisation automated defect sizing Optical, image and video signal processing Instrumentation Inspection and quality control Design Measurement by acoustic techniques scan pattern flaw shape image annotation tools Engineering materials data visualisation probe parameters flaw size advanced software environment image reconstruction flaw orientation Nondestructive testing: acoustic methods Computing devices and techniques ultrasonic imaging software tools computerised instrumentation automatic test software NDT data processing Sonic and ultrasonic applications

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SOME VERIFICATION TOOLS AND METHODS FOR AIRBORNE SAFETY-CRITICAL SOFTWARE

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1986年第6期1卷 248-253页

作者： HELPS, KA SMITHS IND AEROSP & DEF SYST LTD CHELTENHAM GL52 4SFGLOSENGLAND

Airborne software, like many other kinds of embedded software, grows in complexity with each generation of equipment. Where the software supports safety-critical functions this can present severe verification problems. The scale of such software is often outside the scope of mathematically formal verification, and dissimilar software redundancy techniques may be inapplicable for performance reasons. A practical approach is to meet safety-critical criteria by procedurally formal verification in line with the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics and the European Organisation for Civil Aviation Electronics common revised (1985) guidelines on the software aspects of certification of airborne systems, using a comprehensive automated test converage analysis and partition breach analysis system.

关键词： program verification Aerospace engineering computing software engineering software tools safety-critical functions programming support Aerospace industry formal verification airborne safety-critical software automated test coverage analysis verification tools safety partition breach analysis system embedded software Health and safety aspects programming and algorithm theory aerospace computing

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EXPERIENCES BUILDING A SYNTAX-DIRECTED EDITOR

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1989年第6期4卷 294-300页

作者： ZELKOWITZ, MV KOWALCHACK, B ITKIN, D HERMAN, L UNIV MARYLAND DEPT COMP SCICOLLEGE PKMD 20742

The paper presents a set of techniques for building robust software using a case study of the development for a microprocessor of the support programming environment as an example. It discusses some of the attributes built into the system to best handle the concerns of portability, functionality, and effectiveness that we had to deal with in order for the system to be reliable on a small machine, and it describes some of the choices made to obtain the best use of available hardware.

关键词： software engineering robust software support programming environment programming support text editing Data handling techniques microcomputer applications syntax-directed editor Software engineering techniques microprocessor programming environments software portability portability

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Current practice in software engineering: a survey

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COMPUTING & CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1997年第4期8卷 167-172页

作者： Holt, J Univ Wales Swansea Swansea W Glam Wales

The results of a survey carried out between November 1995 and March 1996 are given. The aim of the survey was to see exactly how widely software engineering techniques were being adopted in the UK today. The rationale behind the survey was simple: to see which of a selected set of software engineering techniques were being used. The techniques included in the survey were: methods and methodologies, standards, CASE tools and software engineering process quality manuals. Several other general questions were also asked. The results were surprising, and showed a considerable lack of use of software engineering practices, despite evidence of a strong urge to conform with international standards.

关键词： software engineering software development methods programming support software standards survey software quality computer aided software engineering United Kingdom standards software development methodologies Software engineering techniques software engineering process quality manuals CASE tools

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