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POO, a Hybrid OO Method for Real-Time SW

IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1992年第11期25卷 197-201页

作者： V. Cortés SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT ALCATEL SESA LTS DIVISION Madrid Spain

A new method/platform specially suited to develop hard real-time SW products, so as to reuse any non-specific feature (both high-level and HW-dependent), has been devised and intensively used in the Management Subsystem of the Spanish Railways Train-To-Ground National project as well as in smaller embedded systems. The method is language and OS (Operating System) independent and uses OO (Object Oriented) techniques but they are adapted to allow the usage of traditional languages, like C, and to assure concurrent execution of classes. The fifteen concurrent, general-purpose (configurable) classes are the main reusable result of the experience, but an interesting side-effect is the increase of knowledge and confidence in the necessary steps to pure OO in real-time SW.

关键词： Control Applications SW Development Management Systems programming support Real-Time Computer Systems SW Engineering SW platforms SW reusability Class Libraries

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An execution environment for real-time model-based supervisory control and diagnostic systems

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Annual Review in Automatic programming 1992年 17卷 521-526页

作者： Z. Papp J.A. van Woerden B.J.F. Driessen TNO Institute of Applied Physics P.O. Box 155 2600 AD Delft The Netherlands

The paper presents a Lisp based programming tool and the underlying computational model, which support implementing real-time model/knowledge-based control and diagnostic systems by giving architectural and algorithmic background for both the data processing and the scheduling aspects. The temporal characterization of the tasks and the execution requirements are generalized allowing expressing the special run-time behaviour of the artificial intelligence originated processing algorithms. The execution environment provides smooth integration of numeric and symbolic data processing methods, thus expressing the relevant knowledge-according to the model formation and execution constraints - on qualitative, quantitative and heuristic level by cooperating data processing subsystems is supported. The system architecture encourages the decomposition of the control system into loosely coupled subsystems. This feature and the message passing type of communication mechanism implemented make the distributed control system implementation possible. The basic programming features of the implementation is shown.

关键词： real-time computer systems computer control programming support artificial intelligence expert systems distributed control model-based systems

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Enabling Efficient Schedulability Analysis through Program Transformations and Restricted Resource Contention

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1992年第11期25卷 269-273页

作者： Alexander D. Stoyenko Thomas J. Marlowe Wolfgang A. Halang Real-Time Computing Laboratory Computer and Information Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey 07102 USA Mathematics and Computer Science Seton Hall University South Orange New Jersey 07079 USA Computing Science University of Groningen P.O. Box 800 9700 AV Groningen The Netherlands

We present polynomial-time static semantics-preserving transformations of real-time programs. Used in conjunction with schedulability analysis, the transformations significantly increase the class of real-time programs that may be analyzed efficiently for guaranteed schedulability at compile-time. In cases where the form of resource contention among processes resists efficient transformation, we apply a heuristic transformation (and a consequent run-time scheduling heuristic) to allow the programs to be analyzed efficiently.

关键词： Real time computer systems schedulability analysis software tools programming languages deterministic analysis performance bounds compilers parallel processing load modeling programming support

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Monitoring the Development of Real-Time Systems: the COSMOS Project

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1992年第11期25卷 241-246页

作者： N. Fuchs R. Lockhart S. Stainer R. Whitty Alcate Austria ELIN Ruthnergasse 1-7 A-1210 wien Austria Goldsmith' College The University of London New Cross London SE14 6NW Alcatel Austria ELIN Ruthnergasse 1-7 A-1210 wien Austria Goldmiths' College The University of London New Cross London SE14 6NW

We describe the theory and use of the COSMOS static analysing tool, which has been developed under the CEC Esprit programme. The tool can be used to analyse a wide range of program languages and formal specification notations. It produces common-ground structural accounts of these documents which are then, in turn, analysed for metrication purposes. The result is a range of well-known structural product metrics, which may be used to monitor and contro] software development projects. We have placed particular emphasis on real-time telecom applications in our work and our paper concludes with an account of the preliminary results romour validation studies.

关键词： Graph Theory Management Systems Program diagnostics programming programming Languages programming support Real Time computer systems Software development Software Engineering Specification languages

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FROM OBJECTS TO CLASSES - ALGORITHMS FOR OPTIMAL OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1991年第4期6卷 205-228页

作者： LIEBERHERR, KJ BERGSTEIN, P SILVALEPE, I College of Computer Science Northeastern University Boston USA

The contributions of this paper are two-fold: first, we introduce a novel, axiomatically defined, object-oriented data model called the Demeter kernel model;and secondly, we present abstraction and optimisation algorithms and their relationships for designing classes from objects in the kernel model. We analyse several computational problems underlying the class design process, which is divided into two phases;a learning phase and an optimisation phase. This study focuses on approximation algorithms for the optimisation phase and aims to lead to a better understanding and a partial automation of the object-oriented design process. The algorithms and the theory presented here have been implemented in the C + + Demeter System, a CASE tool for object-oriented design and programming.

关键词： software tools Minimum Class Dictionary Learning directed graphs directed graph approximation algorithms Systems analysis and programming Combinatorial mathematics optimisation algorithms optimisation abstraction data structures C++Demeter System Demeter kernel model object-oriented programming class dictionary graph object-oriented design object-oriented data model programming support CASE tool Optimisation techniques

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BUILDING YOUR OWN SOFTWARE-DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1991年第5期6卷 317-331页

作者： SUGIYAMA, Y HOROWITZ, E UNIV SO CALIF DEPT COMP SCILOS ANGELESCA 90089

The full power of process programming can only be achieved by a system in which we can dynamically design and execute the software process model, as well as the environment which executes the software process model. We are developing a new process modelling strategy (meta-model) called the object process model and an object process modelling environment (meta-environment) OPM, which allows us to design and build both software process models and software development environments that execute the software process models. In the object process model, software process models are not static entities executed by the environment. An executing software process provides a working environment in which software designers can work in order to accomplish a wide variety of software development tasks. In OPM, software process models are described in an object-oriented process programming language called Galois and are executed by the Galois runtime system. OPM itself is written in Galois, and therefore it is considered as a software process running on top of the Galois runtime system. Galois is syntactically a superset of C + + but has four major innovations beyond conventional programming languages: meta-classes, derivation, typed functions and rule-based features. This paper presents the object process model and shows how software process models and software development environments can be designed in the process programming language Galois.

关键词： process modelling strategy software development environments programming environments object process modelling environment object process model Galois software process models meta-environment Object-oriented programming OPM software designers High level languages C++ object-oriented programming executing software process programming support Galois runtime system object-oriented process programming language C language

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INITIAL SOFTWARE PROCESS MANAGEMENT IN EPOS

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1991年第5期6卷 275-284页

作者： CONRADI, R OSJORD, E WESTBY, PH LIU, C NORWEGIAN INST TECHNOL DIV COMP SYST & TELEMATN-7034 TRONDHEIMNORWAY BEIJING POLYTECH UNIV BEIJINGPEOPLES R CHINA

EPOS* is an instrumentable, kernel software engineering environment (SEE), featuring change-oriented versioning to manage evolving software products or configurations, through file-based workspaces attached to a versioned DBMS. Management of the associated software development processes, i.e. to describe, plan, control and execute software activities. Integration of the two areas above. An object-oriented ERA data model, EPOS-OOER, to describe 'passive' software products and 'active' tasks. Work procedures are expressed as task types, which may be customised through simple versioning in project-specific workspaces. The design, implementation and preliminary experience of EPOS process management is the subject of this paper.

关键词： change-oriented versioning Software engineering techniques software development processes programming environments versioned DBMS file-based workspaces SEE software activities expert systems EPOs-OOER Expert systems and other AI software and techniques object-oriented ERA data model project-specific workspaces configuration management object-oriented databases evolving software products Object-oriented databases task types programming support EPOS process management kernal software engineering environment expert system

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EXPOSE - AN ANIMATION TOOL FOR PROCESS-ORIENTED SPECIFICATIONS

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1991年第6期6卷 463-475页

作者： WINSTANLEY, AC BUSTARD, DW UNIV ULSTER DEPT COMP SCICOLERAINE BT52 1SANORTH IRELAND QUEENS UNIV BELFAST DEPT COMP SCIBELFAST BT7 1NNANTRIMNORTH IRELAND CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV INST SOFTWARE ENGNPITTSBURGHPA 15213

This paper describes and evaluates EXPOSE, an animation tool for process-oriented formal specifications of concurrent systems. EXPOSE takes as input the text of a formal specification and, from it, generates static views (interpretations) of the specification structure and dynamic views of the behaviour of the system specified. The views are constructed and explored using the hypermedia facilities of the Apple Macintosh HyperCard system. EXPOSE has been implemented experimentally for LOTOS, but most of the animation concepts and techniques described are relevant to other process-oriented languages, such as CCS and CSP.

关键词： software tools formal specification Software engineering techniques CCS dynamic views static views animation concepts process-oriented languages hypermedia facilities animation tool CSP EXPOSE concurrent systems Other DBMS Apple Macintosh HyperCard system programming support computer animation hypermedia specification structure process-oriented formal specifications LOTOS

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A DECISION-BASED CONFIGURATION PROCESS ENVIRONMENT

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1991年第5期6卷 332-346页

作者： ROSE, T JARKE, M GOCEK, M MALTZAHN, C NISSEN, HW UNIV PASSAU W-8390 PASSAUGERMANY

In the context of the ESPRIT project DAIDA, we have developed an experimental environment intended to achieve consistency-in-the-large in a multi-person setting. Our conceptual model of configuration processes, the CAD(o) model, centres around decisions that work on configured objects and are subject to structured conversations. The environment, extending the knowledge-based software information system ConceptBase, supports co-operation within development teams by integrating models and tools for argumentation and co-ordination with those for versioning and configuration. Versioning decisions are discussed and decided on within an argument editor, and executed by specialised tools for programming-in-the-small. Tasks are assigned and monitored through a contract tool, and carried out within co-ordinated workspaces under a conflict-tolerant transaction protocol. Consistent configuration and reconfiguration of local results is supported by a logic-based configuration assistant.

关键词： versioning Software engineering techniques Software management programming environments conflict-tolerant transaction protocol Design CAD decision based configuration process environment programming-in-the-small knowledge-based software information system ConceptBase ESPRIT project DAIDA experimental environment knowledge based systems multi-person setting logic-based configuration assistant Expert systems and other AI software and techniques development teams co-ordinated workspaces contract tool configuration management structured conversations programming support consistency-in-the-large configured objects argument editor configuration processes CADo model

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, THE SOFTWARE PROCESS AND THEIR support

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING JOURNAL 1991年第5期6卷 243-258页

作者： LEHMAN, MM UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI & TECHNOL DEPT COMPLONDON SW7 2BZENGLAND

Computers are being applied more and more widely, penetrating ever deeper into the very fabric of society. Mankind is becoming increasingly dependent on the availability of software and its continuing validity. To achieve this consistently and reliably, in an operational domain that is forever changing, requires disciplined execution of the software development and evolution process and its effective management. That is the goal of advanced software engineering [1]. This paper summarises basic concepts of software engineering and of the software development process. This leads to a principle of uncertainty, analysis of its implications for the software development process, an overview of computer-assisted software engineering (CASE) and brief comments on the societal relevance of these topics. For researchers in the field and practitioners familiar with individual concepts, issues and specific solutions, the paper provides a unifying framework, a basis for conceptual advance. Those without a significant practical software engineering background and experienced graduate students will extend general familiarity with fresh insights, new concepts and additional detail. Undergraduate and graduate students without significant experience may treat the paper as an introductory text.

关键词： software engineering software tools advanced software engineering programming support uncertainty validity CASE operational domain Software engineering techniques Software management software development Economic, social and political aspects of computing reliability social aspects of automation disciplined execution evolution process societal relevance computer-assisted software engineering

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