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protocol analysis OF THE CORRESPONDENCE OF VERBAL-BEHAVIOR AND EQUIVALENCE CLASS FORMATION

JOURNAL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL analysis OF BEHAVIOR 1991年第3期56卷 489-504页

作者： WULFERT, E DOUGHER, MJ GREENWAY, DE UNIV NEW MEXICO ALBUQUERQUE NM 87131 USA

In two equivalence experiments, a "think aloud" procedure modeled after Ericsson and Simon's (1980) protocol analysis was implemented to examine subjects' covert verbal responses during matching to sample. The purpose was to identify variables that might explain individual differences in equivalence class formation. The results from Experiment 1 suggested that subjects who formed equivalence classes described the relations among stimuli, whereas those not showing equivalence described sample and comparison stimuli as unitary compounds. Because Experiment 1 only demonstrated a correlation between describing stimulus compounds and the absence of equivalence classes, a second study was conducted. In Experiment 2, equivalence class formation was brought under experimental control through pretraining manipulations that facilitated responding either to stimulus compounds or to relations among stimuli. The results demonstrated that a history of describing stimulus compounds, when compared with describing the relations among the stimuli, interfered with the emergence of stimulus equivalence. These findings clarify individual differences in stimulus equivalence. They also demonstrate the utility of analyzing verbal reports to identify possible variables that can be manipulated experimentally.

关键词： STIMULUS EQUIVALENCE MATCHING TO SAMPLE CONDITIONAL DISCRIMINATION STIMULUS COMPOUNDS VERBAL BEHAVIOR protocol analysis ADULT HUMANS

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protocol analysis Data Collection Technique Implemented for Artificial Intelligence Design

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT 2023年 71卷 6842页

作者： Rodgers, Waymond Al-Shaikh, Sinan Khalil, Mohamed Univ Hull Hull Univ Business Sch Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX England Univ Texas El Paso El Paso TX 79968 USA Univ Calif Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA Mustansiriyah Univ Fac Management & Econ Accounting Dept Baghdad 14022 Iraq Tanta Univ Fac Commerce Tanta 6632110 Egypt

This article suggests that artificial intelligence (AI) can automate protocol analysis, a form of data analysis in cognitive psychology for inferring the information processes used by individuals from their verbal behavior while solving a problem. We propose a framework to employ think-aloud protocols (TaP) and thematic analysis in qualitative accounting research. Specifically, we use the TaP methodology to explore the impact of legal conflict and the lack of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) knowledge on implementing these accounting standards in a developing country (i.e., Iraq). The article analyzes 32 semi-structured in-depth phone interviews with external auditors, preparers, the capital market, national professional accounting and auditing associations, and academics. The results indicate that the lack of an AI framework, IFRS knowledge, and legislation conflict may adversely interact with standard implementation. This article explores how protocol analysis can benefit from AI support and provide design features. protocol analysis can provide opportunities for future article, design, and action.

关键词： Artificial intelligence protocols Task analysis Standards Psychology Cognitive processes Problem-solving Artificial intelligence (AI) concurrent think-aloud international financial reporting standards (IFRS) institutional theory (IT) protocol analysis retrospective think-aloud

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protocol analysis of designers using an interactive evolutionary computation

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2012年第1期1卷 44-50页

作者： Weixin Huang Daisuke Matsushita Junzo Munemoto School of Architecture Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Architecture Okayama University of ScienceJapan

This paper explores the problem-solving behavior of people in design activities through a protocol analysis of verbal reports on the interior work design process simulated by an interactive evolutionary computation （IEC）. The protocol analysis method was used to explore the ways of thinking of the participants throughout the process. The analysis reveals that different parts of the interior scene have different effects on the evaluations, and people tend to use the same evaluation criteria continuously on several images. This kind of behavior is consistent with that of professional designers in past studies and is revealed applicable to nonprofessionals in the current research.

关键词： Interior color ProbIem-sotving beha-vior protocol analysis Interactive evotution-ary computation (IEC)

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protocol analysis of a federated search tool: Designing for users

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Internet Reference Services Quarterly 2007年第1-2期12卷 195-210页

作者： Alling, Emily Naismith, Rachael Learning Commons and Undergraduate Library Services W. E. B. Du Bois Library University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 154 Hicks Way United States Babson Library Springfield College Springfield MA 01109 263 Alden Street United States

Librarians at Springfield College conducted usability testing of Endeavor's federated search tool, ENCompass for Resource Access. The purpose of the testing was to make informed decisions prior to customizing the look and function of the software's interface in order to make the product more usable for their patrons. protocol, or think-aloud, analysis was selected as a testing and analysis method. Subjects from the general college community were recruited and given a list of tasks to perform on ENCompass, and they were asked to speak all of their thoughts out loud as they worked. Upon analyzing the test results, researchers found that subjects' problems fell into certain categories, such as unfamiliarity with terms or navigation from screen to screen. The researchers were able to use their findings to recommend extensive revisions to the interface, which improved usability for this library's patrons. © Copyright (c) by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Federated search protocol analysis Usability testing

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protocol analysis and Online Forensics in IPv6 Network Environment

Protocol Analysis and Online Forensics in IPv6 Network Envir...

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8th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM)

作者： Liu Wu Ren Ping Sun Donghong Zhao, Yawei Wu Jian-ping Tsinghua Univ Network Res Ctr Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Chongqing Normal Univ Coll Math Sci Chongqing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Coll Comp & Commun Engn Grad Univ Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781612846835;9781612846828

Although IPv6 protocol has considered and implemented many security mechanisms compared with IPv4, there are still many security threatens in IPv6 Networks. In this paper, we has designed and implemented a network forensics prototype 6Foren in IPv6 environment based on the protocol analysis technology, its functions include packet capture, data reconstruct and messages replay etc. the 6Foren can be used as the online digital forensics which support the online forensic of HTTP, FTP, SMTP and POP3 protocols.

关键词： IPv6 protocol analysis Online Forensics Network Security

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protocol analysis of VSAT Satellite Control Channel

Protocol Analysis of VSAT Satellite Control Channel

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IEEE International Conference on Electronic Information and Communication Technology (ICEICT)

作者： Yi-Jia, Zhang Rui-Ying, Liu Sci & Technol Commun Informat Secur Control Lab Jiaxing Peoples R China Jiaxing Univ Coll Mech & Elect Engn Jiaxing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509007295

This paper processes protocol analysis for Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) control channel without knowing detailed protocol specifications. analysis methods including flooding algorithm, bits statistics and clustering are applied to respectively conduct frame structure analysis and protocol timing analysis on FOW (Forward Order Wire) and ROW (Return Order Wire) for obtaining the critical information and partial transition relationship of control protocol.

关键词： protocol analysis satellite communication countermeasure network countermeasure protocol state transition

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Using protocol analysis to evaluate the usability of a commercial web site

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INFORMATION & MANAGEMENT 2001年第2期39卷 151-163页

作者： Benbunan-Fich, R Seton Hall Univ Comp & Decis Sci Dept Stillman Sch Business S Orange NJ 07079 USA

Despite the increasing popularity of electronic commerce, there appears to be little evidence of the methodical evaluation of the usability of commercial web sites. The usability of a web site defines how well and how easily a visitor, without formal training, can interact with the site. This paper reports the results of a research project, which applies a systematic qualitative technique known as protocol analysis or think aloud method, to examine the usability of a commercial web site. About 15 usability principles and 3 evaluation parameters (content, navigation and interactivity) were used as a framework to analyze the verbal protocols of a sample of users interacting with a greeting card web site. The protocols provided evidence of usability problems caused by crowded content, poor navigation and cumbersome interactivity. These results underscore the importance of two crucial usability goals for commercial web sites: clear path to products and transparency of the ordering process. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： usability protocol analysis commercial web sites electronic commerce

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On the reliability of identifying design moves in protocol analysis

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DESIGN STUDIES 2013年第5期34卷 612-635页

作者： Perry, Gabriela Trindade Krippendorff, Klaus Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul Dept Design & Expressao Graf BR-90040060 Porto Alegre RS Brazil Univ Penn Annenberg Sch Commun Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

This paper discusses issues and ways of measuring the reliability of segmenting verbal protocols of design activity, a central focus of design research. Reliability is an important issue in distinguishing 'design moves'. In the present study, seven students working for a master in design degree, one graduated designer and two professors segment a 30 min protocol of a product design process into design moves. The intra and inter reliability was calculated for these observers using alpha coefficients. Neither the students', designer's nor professors' segmentation reached the desired cut-off value of 0.8. This negative finding questions the clarity of existing conceptions and urges more concise definitions, better training of analysts, and formulating more decisive instructions. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： protocol analysis design research research methods

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Applying protocol analysis to security device interfaces

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IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY 2006年第4期4卷 84-87页

作者： Herzog, Jonathan Inst. for Inf. Infrastructure Protection Mitre Bedford MA Abstract Authors References Cited By Keywords Metrics Similar Download Citation Email Print Request Permissions

Despite best efforts, general-purpose computing platforms and servers continue to be insecure. Due to their complexity, furthermore, it seems unlikely that a completely secure system can be built in the foreseeable future. Fortunately, a promising alternative exists: the use of trusted cryptographic devices and subsystems. Like smart cards, such devices hold and use secret cryptographic keys on behalf of a larger general-purpose system. Because such devices are small, specialized, and have relatively simple functionality, it might be feasible to develop subsystems that are actually secure. If so, these trusted devices could be 'boot-strapped' into acting as trusted monitors or policy enforcers on an enterprise's systems or as a party's universally trusted proxy in a distributed system. In other words, this technology could allow enterprises to leverage trust (in a specific device's interface) into trust (of larger systems and networks). However, trust in the interface must be established via a security analysis of some sort. In this paper, the author suggests adapting protocol analysis techniques to this purpose.

关键词： cryptography protocols telecommunication security cryptographic devices protocol analysis security device interfaces cryptographic key general-purpose computing platforms security security device interface telecommunication security Companies Security secret key cryptography cryptoequipment SUB-SYSTEM Nonprofit Organizations protocol analysis

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Symbolic protocol analysis for monoidal equational theories

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INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION 2008年第2-4期206卷 312-351页

作者： Delaune, Stephanie Lafourcade, Pascal Lugiez, Denis Treinen, Ralf ENS Cachan & INRIA Futurs CNRS UMR 8643 LSV Cachan France ETH Dept Comp Sci Informat Secur Grp Zurich Switzerland Aix Marseille Univ LIF Marseille France CNRS UMR 6166 F-75700 Paris France

We are interested in the design of automated procedures for analyzing the (in)security of cryptographic protocols in the Dolev-Yao model for a bounded number of sessions when we take into account some algebraic properties satisfied by the operators involved in the protocol. This leads to a more realistic model in comparison to what we get under the perfect cryptography assumption, but it implies that protocol analysis deals with terms modulo some equational theory instead of terms in a free algebra. The main goal of this paper is to setup a general approach that works for a whole class of monoidal theories which contains many of the specific cases that have been considered so far in an ad-hoc way (e.g. exclusive or, Abelian groups, exclusive or in combination with the homomorphism axiom). We follow a classical schema for cryptographic protocol analysis which proves first a locality result and then reduces the insecurity problem to a symbolic constraint solving problem. This approach strongly relies on the correspondence between a monoidal theory E and a semiring S-E which we use to deal with the symbolic constraints. We show that the well-defined symbolic constraints that are generated by reasonable protocols can be solved provided that unification in the monoidal theory satisfies some additional properties. The resolution process boils down to solving particular quadratic Diophantine equations that are reduced to linear Diophantine equations, thanks to linear algebra results and the well-definedness of the problem. Examples of theories that do not satisfy our additional properties appear to be undecidable, which suggests that our characterization is reasonably tight. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： UNIFICATION AUTHENTICATION cryptographic protocols Authentication Unsafe theories Diophantine equation exclusive OR protocol analysis Linear algebra

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