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arXiv 2024年

作者： Shechtman, Slava Dekel, Avihu IBM Research United States

Discrete Audio codecs (or audio tokenizers) have recently regained interest due to the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to learn their compressed acoustic representations. Various publicly available trainable discrete tokenizers recently demonstrated impressive results for audio tokenization, yet they mostly require high token rates to gain high-quality reconstruction. In this study, we fine-tuned an open-source general audio RVQGAN model using diverse open-source speech data, considering various recording conditions and quality levels. The resulting wideband (24kHz) speech-only model achieves speech reconstruction, which is nearly indistinguishable from PCM (pulse-code modulation) with a rate of 150-300 tokens per second (1500-3000 bps). The evaluation used comprehensive English speech data encompassing different recording conditions, including studio settings. Speech samples and details on the reproducible trained models are made publicly available1. The model is officially released2 Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： pulse code modulation

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State of the Art of Phase Change Material (PCM) for the Purpose of Heat Storage and Transfer in Cylindrical and Rectangular/Square Shells/Tubes - A Review

State of the Art of Phase Change Material (PCM) for the Purp...

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2020 International Conference on Futuristic Trends in Mechanical Engineering, ICOFTIME 2020

作者： Prashanth, S.P. Dandotiya, Devendra Surendra Kumar, A.M. Department of Mechanical Engineering Presidency University Bengaluru India

ISBN: (纸本)9781713833208

The state of the art of the PCM's reveals enabled characteristics that opens the door for multiple heat transfer and storage phenomena. The PCM absorbs, stores, and releases the energy during its phase change thus it most widely helps in latent heat transfer techniques. Nowadays Nano-fluid and Nano-phase change materials are replacing the general phase change materials because of its high heat transfer and storage capability. Further, varieties of passive heat transfer techniques such as heat exchangers of shell/tube type of various patterns and geometries are utilized to optimize the thermal energy. The artificial neural network is embedded in the system to recognize the pattern for faster processing. In this article, the PCM heat storage and transfer techniques are critically reviewed in comparison with the Cylindrical and Rectangular/Square shells/tubes based on the effect of parameters such as solidification/melting performance, enthalpy, fluid flow pattern in the liquid molten state, types of PCM used, etc. The numerical/analytical and experimentation techniques are categorized based on the results of various researcher and conclusion is established. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Phase change material(PCM) Energy storage Heat transfer enhancement Latent heat natural convection melting/solidification time state of the art heat storage latent heat energy storage Cylindrical Heat transfer Natural convection pulse code modulation Phase change materials Phase transtormations Arts condensation heat transfer enhancement

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Telemetry Standards. Chapter 23: Metadata Configuration

Telemetry Standards. Chapter 23: Metadata Configuration

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作者： RANGE COMMANDERS COUNCIL WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM RANGE COMMANDERS COUNCIL WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM

This chapter describes system configuration data for network-based telemetry systems in a common fashion, and provides a language for describing the configuration of all of the components in a telemetry system, as well as their logical and physical interrelationships. The language is intended to be expressive enough to describe a wide variety of systems: large and small, simple and complex, from the low-level transducer-to-measurement association for an acquisition card on a data acquisition unit up to network topology of multiple test mission *** chapter defines the Metadata Description Language (MDL), which has a syntax that defines vocabulary and sentence structure, while the MDL semantics provide meaning. Using the MDL syntax and semantics, MDL instance documents can be created to describe telemetry systems. The descriptions may be used in various ways: to configure components, to predict the performance of the network, or to capture requirements for the telemetry system. Additionally, the MDL provides a common exchange language that facilitates the interchange of configuration information between telemetry system components.

关键词： Html Xml Best practices Language Markup languages Grammars Linguistics Telemetry Data acquisition Metadata modulation Network topology Networks pulse code modulation Standards World wide web

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Telemetry Standards. Chapter 22: Network-Based Protocol Suite

Telemetry Standards. Chapter 22: Network-Based Protocol Suit...

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The Telemetry Network Standard (TmNS) leverages existing standardized Internet protocols to serve as the core set of communication protocols used by NetworkNodes within a TmNS Network. The TmNSs network-based protocol suite incorporates a large portion of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP) Protocol Suite (also known as the Internet Protocol Suite) along with other supporting technologies (e.g., underlying data link and physical layer technologies). This document follows the TCP/IP Model layering convention and consists of the following major sections. Network Access Layer: Consists of the Physical and Data Link layers that define the underlying hardware networking technology. The networking scope of this layer is limited to the local network connection. Internet Layer Protocols: Responsible for sending datagrams across potentially multiple networks. Internetworking (i.e., routing) requires sending data from the source network to the destination network. Transport Layer Protocols: Establishes a basic data channel that an application uses to exchange data. Application Layer Protocols: Includes protocols used by applications for exchanging application data over the network connections established by the lower-level protocol. Basic network support services are also included (e.g., routing and host configuration protocols).

关键词： Network protocols Application protocols Transport protocols Computer networks Digital communications Data links Electronic mail Electronic messaging Voice over internet protocol Cryptography modulation pulse code modulation Routing protocols Computer access control Engineering Global positioning systems

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Telemetry Standards. Annex A-4: Asynchronous Recorder Multiplexer Output Re-Constructor (ARMOR)

Telemetry Standards. Annex A-4: Asynchronous Recorder Multip...

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作者： RANGE COMMANDERS COUNCIL WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM RANGE COMMANDERS COUNCIL WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE NM

This standard defines the recommended multiplexer format for single-channel data recording on small-format (1/2 in.) media. This format is recognized as the Asynchronous Recorder Multiplexer Output Re-constructor (ARMOR). This format is software-reconfigurable for each data acquisition or reproduction. The ARMOR format configuration information is stored in a data structure called a setup that contains all the information necessary to define a particular record or play configuration. This annex describes the format and content of the ARMOR setup.

关键词： Data acquisition Frequency Compilers pulse code modulation Standards modulation Recording systems Acquisition Oscillators Identification Instructions Telemetry

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Telemetry Standards. Chapter 7: Packet Telemetry Downlink

Telemetry Standards. Chapter 7: Packet Telemetry Downlink

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This standard defines the method for transporting variable-length, well-defined data formats in a Chapter 4 pulse code modulation (PCM) stream.

关键词： Network protocols Coding Decoding Encapsulation Computer access control modulation pulse code modulation Computer vision Ethernet Fragmentation Internet Multiplexing Standards Telemetry Transport ships Computer programming Identification

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Post-FEC BER Benchmarking for Bit-Interleaved coded modulation with Probabilistic Shaping

Post-FEC BER Benchmarking for Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulati...

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Journal of Lightwave Technology

作者： Yoshida, Tsuyoshi Alvarado, Alex Karlsson, Magnus Agrell, Erik Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Osaka505-0871 Japan Information and Communication Theory Lab Signal Processing Systems Group Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven5600MB Netherlands Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden

Accurate performance benchmarking after forward error correction (FEC) decoding is essential for system design in optical fiber communications. Generalized mutual information (GMI) has been shown to be successful at benchmarking the bit-error rate (BER) after FEC decoding (post-FEC BER) for systems with soft-decision (SD) FEC without probabilistic shaping (PS). However, GMI is not relevant to benchmark post-FEC BER for systems with SD-FEC and PS. For such systems, normalized GMI (NGMI), asymmetric information (ASI), and achievable FEC rate have been proposed instead. They are good at benchmarking post-FEC BER or to give an FEC limit in bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) with PS, but their relation has not been clearly explained so far. In this article, we define generalized L-values under mismatched decoding, which are connected to the GMI and ASI. We then show that NGMI, ASI, and achievable FEC rate are theoretically equal under matched decoding but not under mismatched decoding. We also examine BER before FEC decoding (pre-FEC BER) and ASI over Gaussian and nonlinear fiber-optic channels with approximately matched decoding. ASI always shows better correlation with post-FEC BER than pre-FEC BER for BICM with PS. On the other hand, post-FEC BER can differ at a given ASI when we change the bit mapping, which describes how each bit in a codeword is assigned to a bit tributary. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Forward error correction Benchmarking Bit error rate Decoding Error correction Optical fiber communication Optical fibers pulse code modulation Turbo codes Accurate performance Asymmetric information Bit interleaved coded modulation Generalized mutual informations (GMI) Mismatched decoding Nonlinear Fiber Optics Soft decision Under matched

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Acid resistant PVDF-co-HFP based copolymer proton exchange membrane for electro-chemical application

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JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE 2019年 573卷 485-492页

作者： Sharma, Prem P. Yadav, Vikrant Gahlot, Swati Lebedeva, Oksana V. Chesnokova, Alexandra N. Srivastava, Divesh N. Raskulova, Tatiana V. Kulshrestha, Vaibhav CSMCRI CSIR Gijubhai Badheka Marg Bhavnagar 364002 Gujarat India CSMCRI CSIR Acad Sci & Innovat Res Gijubhai Badheka Marg Bhavnagar 364002 Gujarat India Irkutsk Natl Res Tech Univ 83 Lermontov Str Irkutsk 664074 Russia Angarsk State Tech Univ 60 Tchaikovsky Str Angarsk 665835 Russia

Acid resistant proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are synthesized from aliphatic highly hydrophobic polyvinylidene-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-co-HFP) and aromatic hydrophilic sodium-p-styrene sulfonate at nanostructure level modification. Synthesized copolymer PEMs are analyzed for their chemical structure to confirm the presence of functional groups. Electrochemical characterizations are carried out in terms ion-exchange capacity, ionic conductivity and water content. Maximum IEC value 1.91 meq/gm is observed for PDSt-40 copolymer PEM with 1.58x10(-2) S/cm proton conductivity and 29.1% of water content. Vanadium ion permeability is also checked for copolymer membranes in terms of applicability for vanadium redox flow batteries. PDSt-40 copolymer PEM shows lowest value of VO2+ ion permeability 2.87x10(-7) cm(2) min(-1), which is about 40% less compared to Nafion membrane. Further all synthesized PEMs are checked for charging-discharging performance for single cell VRFB. PDSt-40 PEM shows better performance in term of columbic and voltage efficiency. Copolymer membranes found to be stable thermally and mechanically and also in harass condition with 18M H2SO4 for 24 h. Results indicate that synthesized copolymer PEMs can be a good candidate for electrochemical energy systems as well as high temperature applications.

关键词： chemical structure Electrochemistry High temperature applications ENERGY SYSTEMS membrane hydrogen ions ion permeability Copolymers pulse code modulation mucin 1

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Transient process in a finned triplex tube during phase changing of aluminum oxide enhanced PCM

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EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS 2019年第4期134卷 173页

作者： Li, Zhixiong Sheikholeslami, M. Shah, Zahir Shafee, Ahmad Al-Qawasmi, Abdel-Rahman Tlili, I. Ocean Univ China Sch Engn Qingdao 266110 Shandong Peoples R China Univ Wollongong Sch Mech Mat Mechatron & Biomed Engn Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia Babol Noshirvani Univ Technol Dept Mech Engn Babol Sar Iran Babol Noshirvani Univ Technol Renewable Energy Syst & Nanofluid Applicat Heat T Babol Sar Iran Abdul Wali Khan Univ Dept Math Mardan KP Pakistan Coll Technol Studies Publ Author Appl Educ & Training Dept Appl Sci Shuwaikh Kuwait Majmaah Univ Dept Elect Engn Coll Engn Al Majmaah 11952 Saudi Arabia Majmaah Univ Dept Mech & Ind Engn Coll Engn Al Majmaah 11952 Saudi Arabia

.The transient process in a finned triplex tube during solidification of NEPCM was reported numerically. We tried to increase conduction by adding aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles and metallic fins. To simulate the transient problem with an adaptive grid, the best choice is the Galerkin finite element technique that we have considered in the current research. Contours illustrate that adding alumina makes the conduction stronger and choosing dp=40 nm results in the best discharging rate. Utilizing a longer fin tends to expedite discharging due to augmentation in thermal diffusion.

关键词： Thermal Diffusion Phase transtormations Heat transfer transient processes Discharge rate pulse code modulation aluminum oxides

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An experimental investigation to the thermal conductivity enhancement of paraffin wax as a phase change material using diamond nanoparticles as a promoting factor

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HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 2019年第6期55卷 1801-1808页

作者： Sadrameli, S. M. Motaharinejad, F. Mohammadpour, M. Dorkoosh, F. Tarbiat Modares Univ Proc Engn Dept Fac Chem Engn Tehran Iran Univ Tehran Med Sci Dept Pharmaceut Fac Pharm Tehran Iran

According to the increasing energy needs in the last decades, application of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) as a new phenomenon for temperature control, energy storage and management in this arena has been investigated in recent years. One of the common and wide spread applied phase change materials with a flexible melting point, nontoxic and noncorrosive and large latent heat is paraffin wax. However, the application of this type of PCM is limited due to its low thermal conductivity. To improve the thermal conductivity of paraffin based PCM, diamond-nanoparticles is used as an additive in microencapsulation of the paraffin wax coated with gelatin-Gum Arabic. For the preparation of the microcapsules complex coacervation method was employed. The measurement of the efficiency of microencapsulation was done by conducting heating test and washing the microcapsules with toluene. Appearance and size of manufacturing microscopes are investigated by using an optical microscope. Thermal properties of the samples were calculated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test. Finally, the influence of microencapsulation parameters such as emulsification time, core to shell ratio and additive percentage on the microencapsulation efficiency and thermal conductivity, stability, and the latent heat of the resulting composite materials were discussed and compared with the properties of the pure microcapsules without nano-particles.

关键词： Phase change materials Thermal Conductivity Microencapsulation Microcapsules Differential scanning calorimetry Nanoparticles Paraffin latent heat pulse code modulation

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