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Evaluation Study on Wavelet Denoising of Antenna-Based PD Measurements in Strong Interference Environments Considering a New Reliability Score of pulse detection

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION 2024年第6期31卷 2887-2896页

作者： Friebe, Kerstin Jenau, Frank TU Dortmund Univ Inst High Voltage Engn D-44227 Dortmund Germany

Partial discharge (PD) interference suppression represents an important aspect in the diagnosis and maintenance of equipment in the power transmission network and thus contributes to ensuring transmission reliability. PD diagnosis includes the detection of PD using suitable measurement methods like non-contact electromagnetic methods such as antennas. An important step of measuring PD with antennas is the interference suppression of the measurement signals for further processing. Especially in the case of contactless detection of PD using antenna structures, other signals are coupled in addition to the actual PD signal. This requires interference suppression processes for pulse extraction of the PD pulses from the disturbed signal as well as evaluation criteria that measure the interference suppression and the reliability of the PD pulse detection of these processes. In the context of this work, a suitability study is carried out to select the mother wavelets and estimation methods within the framework of wavelet denoising. This is done by a preliminary study with synthetic signals in which a real noise environment is added, which is several times stronger than the synthetic PD signal. The best combinations are then applied to real PD signals measured in a strong interference environment. In addition to the conventional evaluation criteria for noise reduction and signal distortion, a new evaluation criterion, the reliability score of impulse detection, is introduced. The methodical approach also reliably determines whether generated PD are isolated, as a transmission line-bound reflection-free decoupling of the PD signal takes place simultaneously.

关键词： Antenna measurements Signal to noise ratio Noise reduction Broadband antennas Interference suppression Voltage measurement Reliability HVDC interference suppression partial discharge (PD) pulse detection wavelet denoising

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Femoral artery Doppler ultrasound is more accurate than manual palpation for pulse detection in cardiac arrest

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RESUSCITATION 2022年第0期173卷 156-165页

作者： Cohen, Allison L. Li, Timmy Becker, Lance B. Owens, Casey Singh, Neha Gold, Allen Nelson, Mathew J. Jafari, Daniel Haddad, Ghania Nello, Alexander, V Rolston, Daniel M. Donald & Barbara Zucker Sch Med Hofstra Northwell Dept Emergency Med Hempstead NY USA Northwell Hlth North Shore Univ Hosp Dept Emergency Med Manhasset NY USA Northwell Hlth Feinstein Inst Med Res Manhasset NY USA Alleghany Hlth Network St Vincent Hosp Dept Emergency Med Erie NY USA

Objectives: Our primary objective was to assess the accuracy of Doppler ultrasound versus manual palpation in detecting any pulse with an arterial line waveform in cardiac arrest. Secondarily, we sought to determine whether peak systolic velocity (PSV) on Doppler ultrasound could detect a pulse with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) >= 60 mmHg. Methods: We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional, diagnostic accuracy study on a convenience sample of adult, Emergency Department (ED) cardiac arrest patients. All patients had a femoral arterial line. During a pulse check, manual pulse detection, PSV and Doppler ultrasound clips, and SBP were recorded. A receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cut-off of PSV associated with a SBP >= 60 mmHg. Accuracy of manual palpation and Doppler ultrasound for detection of any pulse and SBP >= 60 mmHg were compared with McNemar's test. Results: 54 patients and 213 pulse checks were analysed. Doppler ultrasound demonstrated higher accuracy than manual palpation (95.3% vs. 54.0%;p < 0.001) for detection of any pulse. Correlation between PSV and SBP was strong (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.89;p < 0.001). The optimal cut-off value of PSV associated with a SBP >= 60 mmHg was 20 cm/s (area under the curve = 0.975). To detect SBP >= 60 mmHg, accuracy of a PSV >= 20 cm/s was higher than manual palpation (91.4% vs. 66.2%;p < 0.001). Conclusions: Among ED cardiac arrest patients, femoral artery Doppler ultrasound was more accurate than manual palpation for detecting any pulse. When using a PSV >= 20 cm/s, Doppler ultrasound was also more accurate for detecting a SBP >= 60 mmHg.

关键词： Cardiac arrest Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Doppler ultrasound pulse detection

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Novel pulse detection System Using Differentiation: Optical Experimental Results 35

Novel Pulse Detection System Using Differentiation: Optical ...

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35th IEEE International System-on-Chip Conference (SOCC)

作者： Patil, Sharath Singh, Bhanu Borwankar, Raunak Margala, Martin Worcester Polytech Inst Worcester MA 01609 USA Univ Louisiana Lafayette LA USA Univ Massachusetts Lowell MA USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665459853

ISBN: (纸本)9781665459853

Light detection And Ranging (LiDAR) sensors play an important role in obstacle detection and avoidance in autonomous vehicles. In a Direct Time of Flight (DTOF) LiDAR, pulse detection is an important function which is often accomplished using high speed ADCs with sampling rates in the range of 0.5-1 giga samples per second. This poses problems for multi-channel, single chip LiDAR sensors due to area and power requirements of giga sample ADCs. In this paper, experimental results are presented from an implementation of pulse detection using differentiation by employing comparators, a novel method. A prototype for pulse detection mechanism has been implemented on a PCB using an array of sample and hold capacitors followed by a comparator. The performance of a comparator-based pulse detection has been compared to that of an ADC-based pulse detection system. The control circuitry and data processing are implemented on a Xilinx ZYNQ-based FPGA. Results of distance measurement show that a comparator-based system can be used similar to an ADC-based system, but with significantly lesser resources in terms of area and power when implemented as an SoC.

关键词： LiDAR pulse detection Differentiation Comparators

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Novel pulse detection System Using Differentiation: Prototyping and Experimental Results 20

Novel Pulse Detection System Using Differentiation: Prototyp...

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20th IEEE Interregional NEWCAS Conference (IEEE NEWCAS)

作者： Patil, Sharath Singh, Bhanu Borwankar, Raunak Margala, Martin Univ Massachusetts Lowell MA 01854 USA IEEE Piscataway NJ USA Worcester Polytech Inst Worcester MA 01609 USA Univ Louisiana Lafayette Lafayette LA 70504 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665401050

ISBN: (纸本)9781665401050

Light detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors play an important role in obstacle detection and avoidance in autonomous vehicles. In a Direct Time Of Flight (DTOF) LiDAR, pulse detection is an important function which is often accomplished using high speed ADCs with sampling rates in the range of 0.5-1 giga samples per second. This poses problems for multi-channel single-chip LiDAR sensors due to area and power requirements of giga sample ADCs. In this paper, experimental results are presented from an implementation of pulse detection using differentiation by employing comparators, a novel method. A prototype for pulse detection mechanism has been implemented on a PCB using an array of sample and hold capacitors followed by a comparator. The performance of a low-area, low-power comparator-based pulse detection has been compared to that of a high-area, high-power ADC-based pulse detection system. The control circuitry and data processing are implemented on a Xilinx ZYNQ-based FPGA. Results of emulation of distance measurement show that the performance of comparator-based system is similar to that of an ADC-based system but potentially with less than 50% of area and power on a single-chip implementation.

关键词： LiDAR pulse detection Differentiation Comparators

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Ultrashort pulse detection and Response Time Analysis Using Plasma-Wave Terahertz Field-Effect Transistors

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES 2021年第2期68卷 903-910页

作者： Zhang, Yuhui Shur, Michael S. Rensselaer Polytech Inst Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn Troy NY 12180 USA

We report on the response characteristics of plasmonic terahertz field-effect transistors (TeraFETs) fed with femtosecond and picosecond pulses. Varying the pulsewidth (t(pw)) from 10(-15) s to 10(-10) s under a constant input power condition revealed two distinctive pulse detection modes. In the short pulse mode (t(pw) << L/ s, where L is the gated channel length and s is the plasma velocity), the source-to-drain voltage response is a sharp pulse oscillatory decay preceded by a delay time on the order of L/ s. The plasma wave travels along the channel like the shallow water wave with a relatively narrow wave package. In the long pulse mode (t(pw) > L/ s), the response profile has two oscillatory decay processes and the propagation of plasma wave is analogous to an oscillating rod with one side fixed. The ultimate response time at the long pulsemode is significantly higher than that under the short pulse conditions. The detection conditions under the long pulse mode are close to the step response condition, and the response time conforms well to the analytical theory for the step function response. The simulated waveform agrees well with the measured pulse response. Our results show that themeasurementsof the pulse response enable thematerial parameter extraction from the pulse response data (including the effective mass, kinematic viscosity, and momentum relaxation time).

关键词： Material parameter extraction plasma-wave electronics pulse detection response time terahertz field-effect transistors (TeraFETs)

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A Dual-Modal Wearable pulse detection System Integrated with Deep Learning for High-Accuracy and Low-Power Sleep Apnea Monitoring

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ADVANCED SCIENCE 2025年 e2501750页

作者： Wang, Jia Xue, Jiangtao Zou, Yang Ma, Yuxin Xu, Junhan Li, Yanming Deng, Fei Wang, Yiqian Xing, Kai Li, Zhou Zou, Tong Chinese Acad Med Sci & Peking Union Med Coll Beijing Hosp Inst Geriatr Med Natl Ctr GerontolDept Cardiol Beijing 100730 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Inst Nanoenergy & Nanosyst Beijing 101400 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Technol Sch Med Technol Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Sch Comp Sci Hefei 230026 Anhui Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Suzhou Inst Adv Res Hefei 230026 Anhui Peoples R China Chinese Acad Med Sci Beijing Hosp Inst Geriatr Med Natl Ctr GerontolDept Cardiol Beijing 100730 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Med Sci Beijing Hosp Inst Geriatr Med Natl Ctr GerontolDept Pulm & Crit Care Med Beijing 100730 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Nanosci & Technol Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

Despite being a serious health condition that significantly increases cardiovascular and metabolic disease risks, sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) remains largely underdiagnosed. While polysomnography (PSG) remains the gold standard for diagnosis, its clinical application is limited by high costs, complex setup requirements, and sleep quality interference. Although wearable devices using photoplethysmography (PPG) have shown promise in SAS detection, their continuous operation demands substantial power consumption, hindering long-term monitoring capabilities. Here, a dual-modal wearable system is presented integrating a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) and PPG sensor with a biomimetic fingertip structure for SAS detection. A two-stage detection strategy is adopted where the self-powered PENG performs continuous preliminary screening, activating the PPG sensor only when suspicious events are detected. Combined with a Vision Transformer-based deep learning model, the high-accuracy configuration achieves 99.59% accuracy, while the low-power two-stage approach maintained 94.95% accuracy. This dual-modal wearable pulse detection system provides a practical solution for long-term SAS monitoring, overcoming the limitations of traditional PSG while maintaining high detection accuracy. The system's versatility in both home and clinical settings offers the potential for improving early detection rates and treatment outcomes for SAS patients.

关键词： deep learning photoplethysmography piezoelectric nanogenerator pulse detection sleep apnea monitoring

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Foam-Structured Strain Sensor-Based Elastic Wearable System for pulse Wave detection

IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS

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IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS 2025年第1期46卷 111-114页

作者： Lin, Shuxiang Tong, Siyu Niu, Jiaqi Li, Runze Niu, Qunfeng Li, Peng Wang, Li Lin, Shujing Henan Univ Technol Ctr Complex Sci Zhengzhou 450001 Henan Peoples R China Henan Univ Technol Coll Elect Engn Zhengzhou 450001 Henan Peoples R China Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Informat & Elect Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

Timely detection of abnormal pulse wave conditions can provide early warnings for cardiovascular emergencies. Strain sensors can detect subtle pulse wave changes, however, they often face a trade-off between flexibility and accuracy. Herein, we present a cost-effective, high-sensitivity elastic strain sensor based on foam-structured silicone rubber@nanocarbon black (SR@CB). The sensor exhibits excellent linearity within a strain range of 0-60%, with a detection sensitivity of 0.1% and a gauge factor of up to 32. Thus, it can detect not only subtle pulse wave signals, but also be used for motion monitoring. Moreover, we have developed an elastic circuit detection system prototype, significantly enhancing wearer comfort while achieving a fully elastic detection system. We foresee this fully elastic detection system holds promise for health monitoring and motion detection applications.

关键词： Strain sensors wearable electronics pulse detection cardiovascular diseases Strain sensors wearable electronics pulse detection cardiovascular diseases

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False Positives Avoidance in pulse detection from ECG and PPG Sensor Signals 20

False Positives Avoidance in Pulse Detection from ECG and PP...

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20th IEEE Sensors Conference

作者： Herrmann, Hans Ewald, Hartmut Univ Rostock Inst Gen Elect Engn Rostock Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728195018

The evaluation of bio-sensor signals often needs to happen live, e.g. within seconds after capturing new values. Sometimes new data is generated from one or more single sensor signals. If a long trend of these values is of interest, it is important to automatically ignore unwanted anomalies or distortions in the sensor signals. In this paper an approach is presented which detects and self validates pulses within electrocardiographic and plethysmographic signals. A self validating technique is used in order to avoid false positive pulse detection. The approach is using time domain based analysis and continuous wavelet transformation for validation and is able to analyse live sensor signals on a standard low cost computer.

关键词： pulse detection ECG PPG CWT

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Development of Pressure Sensor Based Wearable pulse detection Device for Radial pulse Monitoring

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MICROMACHINES 2022年第10期13卷 1699-1699页

作者： Wang, Shihang Zhang, Zhinan Chen, Zhijian Mei, Deqing Wang, Yancheng Zhejiang Univ Sch Mech Engn Key Lab Adv Mfg Technol Zhejiang Prov Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Sch Mech Engn State Key Lab Fluid Power & Mechatron Syst Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Donghai Lab Zhoushan 316021 Peoples R China

Wearable pulse detection devices can be used for daily human healthcare monitoring;however, the relatively poor flexibility and low sensitivity of the pulse detection devices are hindering the scrutiny of pulse information during pulse diagnosis of different pulse positions. This paper developed a novel and wearable pulse detection device based on three flexible pressure sensors using synthetic graphene and silver composites as the pressure sensing material. The structural design of the pulse detection device is firstly presented;the core component of pressure sensors is using the sawtooth protrusions to convert pressure induced by radial pulse vibrations into localized deformation of graphene composites. The fabricated pulse detection device is characterized by high pressure sensing performance, including relatively high sensitivity (8.65% kPa(-1)), broad sensing range (12 kPa), and good dynamic response with a response time of about 100 ms. Then, the pulse detection device is worn on a human wrist to detect the pulses from three pulse positions, namely, 'Cun', 'Guan', and 'Chi', and the results demonstrated the capability of using our device to detect pulse signals. The physical conditions of the subject, such as arterial stiffness index, can be further analyzed through the characteristics of the acquired pulse signals, demonstrating the potential application of using wearable pulse detection devices for human health monitoring.

关键词： wearable device pulse detection pressure sensor sawtooth protrusions radial pulse monitoring

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A low-complexity PPG pulse detection method for accurate estimation of the pulse rate variability (PRV) during sudden decreases in the signal amplitude

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PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT 2020年第3期41卷 035001-035001页

作者： Arguello Prada, Erick Javier Paredes Higinio, Alejandro Univ Santiago de Cali Fac Ingn Dept Tecnol Informac & Comunicac Santiago De Cali Colombia

Background: One of the biggest obstacles to reliable pulse rate variability (PRV) analysis is the erroneous detection of photoplethysmographic (PPG) pulses. Among all the disturbances that may hinder pulse detection, the ripples appearing at the smooth segments of the PPG signal can become a serious problem when the amplitude of the signal decreases considerably. Objective: To present a low-complexity PPG pulse detection method for reliable PRV estimation under conditions in which a sudden decrease in the amplitude of the PPG signal can be expected. Approach: 2-min ECG and PPG data (sampling rate at 500 Hz) were obtained from thirty healthy subjects, who were asked to take a deep inspiration to provoke a sudden amplitude decrease (SAD) of the PPG signal. After introducing a new parameter denoted as C, through which it is possible to jump over the ripples hindering the accurate detection of the systolic peaks, 500 Hz-sampled PPG recordings were down-sampled (400, 300, 200 and 100 Hz) to investigate the effect of the sampling rate on pulse detection. For ECG recordings, automatic R-peak detection was performed by the Pan and Tompkins (PT) algorithm, whereas PPG pulse detection was performed by the well-known maximum of the first derivative (M1D) and the proposed method, once the C-value for best detection results on 500 Hz-sampled PPG recordings was found. The agreement between heart rate variability (HRV) and PRVs estimated from each pulse detection method was assessed and the correlation between HRV and PRV-derived indexes was computed for comparison. Main results: The proposed method can perform well on PPG-SAD segments, provided that the proper value of the parameter C is used. Moreover, a good agreement between HRV and PRV series, as well as lower relative errors and higher correlation coefficients between HRV and PRV indexes, were achieved by the proposed pulse detection method during SADs. Significance: Results show that the proposed method can dynamically adap

关键词： photoplethysmography pulse rate variability (PRV) sudden amplitude decrease pulse detection noise contamination autonomic balance

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