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pulse width modulation Control of Mecanum-Wheeled Mobile Robot With Random Noise

IEEE ACCESS 2025年 13卷 13044-13051页

作者： Yin, Ruijie Wu, Zhaojing Feng, Likang Qufu Normal Univ Inst Automat Qufu 273165 Shandong Peoples R China Yantai Univ Sch Math & Informat Sci Yantai 264005 Shandong Peoples R China

pulse width modulation (PWM) control is investigated for the Mecanum-wheeled mobile robot (MWMR) driven by servo motors with random disturbance. As a preliminary, PWM strategy of random nonlinear systems is obtained by the aid of the functional analysis tool. A smooth voltage controller is presented by the backstepping technique for MWMR. Based on the boundedness of input voltage caused by direct-current motors, the optimal bounded controller is obtained by the quadratic programming method. Therefore, the optimal duty ratio is generated by the positive part and the negative part of the optimal control, the digital controller is synthesized in turns. Finally, a simulation example is given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed PWM scheme.

关键词： pulse width modulation Mobile robots Noise Wheels Voltage control Torque Vectors Protocols Nonlinear systems Backstepping Duty ratio Mecanum wheel mobile robot PWM quadratic programming

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pulse width modulation for adjusting laser power in measuring upconversion excitation threshold

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ENGINEERING RESEARCH EXPRESS 2025年第2期7卷 025305-025305页

作者： Zhang, Zeyu Mo, Ruiqi Zhu, Zece Wuhan Text Univ Sch Bioengn & Hlth Dept Chem & Chem Engn State Key Lab New Text Mat & Adv Proc Technol Wuhan 430200 Peoples R China

Solid-state lasers are usually used as excitation light sources for measuring the upconversion luminescence spectra. But the output power of this kind of laser usually jitters at unsaturated output circumstances, leading to unstable luminescence intensity and affecting the accuracy of excitation threshold measurement. Herein, pulse width modulation was used for adjusting the power of a 532 nm solid-state laser for measuring the upconversion threshold. The average output power of lasers can be adjusted by changing the pulse width at a constant pulse frequency. The stability is significantly higher than that of the output power using current modulation. The excitation threshold estimated by this method is similar to that of the continuous light excitation. pulse width modulation is expected to be applied to other lasers in power modulation and will play an important role in fluorescence detection and imaging.

关键词： luminescence triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion pulse width modulation

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pulse width modulation Methods for Minimizing Commutation Torque Ripples in Low Inductance Brushless DC Motor Drives

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2023年第5期70卷 4537-4547页

作者： Lee, Juwon Lim, Gyu Cheol Ha, Jung-Ik Seoul Natl Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea

This article proposes pulse width modulation (PWM) methods for low inductance brushless dc (BLDC) motor drives that minimize the commutation torque ripples. An uneven current of noncommutation phase generates the commutation torque ripples. In the low inductance BLDC motor drives, two types of time delays in PWM also induce critical torque ripples. In this article, the analyses of the time delays in PWM and their effects are introduced. Then, two PWM methods are proposed to eliminate the time delays in the commutation region and the conduction region, respectively. The commutation period is controlled to be synchronized to the switching period. In addition, the proposed methods synchronize the switching period to the commutation interrupt. As a result, the proposed methods effectively maintain the minimum commutation period as well as minimize the commutation torque ripples in the low inductance BLDC motor drives. The validity of the proposed methods is demonstrated by the simulation and experimental results in various driving conditions. The results show that the commutation period is remarkably shortened and the commutation torque ripples are reduced by 27.6% in comparison to the conventional method.

关键词： Commutation pulse width modulation Torque Delays Inductance Switches Delay effects Brushless dc (BLDC) motor commutation torque ripples low inductance pulse width modulation (PWM) time delay

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A Design of a 100-MHz Fully Integrated Digital pulse width modulation Three-Level Buck Converter Using Package Bond-Wire Inductor

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IEEE ACCESS 2025年 13卷 50032-50042页

作者： Lee, Sung-Jae Kim, Ju Hyoung Kim, Yun-Gwan Lee, Jeong Seop Song, Ji Hoon Kim, Dong Gyun Jo, Jong-Wan Pu, Young-Gun Lee, Kang-Yoon Park, Jun-Eun Sungkyunkwan Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Suwon 16419 South Korea SKAIChips Suwon 16571 South Korea Sungkyunkwan Univ Dept Artificial Intelligence Suwon 16419 South Korea

This paper presents a fully integrated digital pulse-width-modulation three-level DC-DC buck converter. An internal switching frequency of 100 MHz is selected to minimize the value of passive components, and the package bond-wire based inductor is selected. In the integrated voltage regulator, a three-level structure is used to reduce the output voltage ripple, and Digital pulse width modulation (DPWM) is employed to achieve efficient current and voltage control. This digitally configured control scheme is robust against external environmental factors, such as process, voltage, and temperature variations, and also achieves a fast load transient time. The proposed circuit is fabricated using a 130-nm BCDMOS process, and it can regulate the 5-V input voltage to the output voltage range of 3.3-3.7 V. The three-level buck converter with an active area of 1.035 mm(2) shows a power conversion efficiency of 72.4% under the load current of 200 mA.

关键词： Buck converters Voltage control Inductors Capacitors Regulators Switches Delays pulse width modulation Voltage Fully integrated voltage regulator three-level buck converter bond-wire based inductor digital pulse width modulation switching frequency switching frequency

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Underwater fixed position control of an ionic polymer metal composite actuator with tunable perturbation through the pulse width modulation driving scheme and feedforward hysteresis compensation

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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL 2025年 384卷

作者： Chen, You-Jen Feng, Guo-Hua Natl Chung Cheng Univ Dept Mech Engn Chiayi 621 Taiwan Natl Tsing Hua Univ Dept Power Mech Engn Hsinchu 300 Taiwan Natl Tsing Hua Univ NEMS Inst Hsinchu 300 Taiwan

Although diversified control schemes have been reported for ionic-polymer metal composites (IPMC) actuators, maneuvering the IPMC actuator in a static position with a large displacement for a long time is still challenging because of its highly intrinsic non-linear and hysteresis characteristics. Instead of using a complex model, a simple and systematic control scheme based on the pulse width modulation (PWM) driving signal and feedforward compensation was first reported to solve this issue. We present the fabrication of the tested IPMC actuator and ensure its continuous alternative motion of amplitude 8 mm for more than 20 min. The fixed position control methodology is sequentially applied: examining the unipolar PWM signal test to find the optimal driving frequency, characterizing the delayed time and displacement by bipolar PWM signal, and performing closed-loop feedforward control of the IPMC actuator with optimal frequency bipolar PWM signal and delayed displacement compensation. Furthermore, a novel scheme was created to predict the occurrence of the wellknown perplexing back-relaxation behavior of the IPMC actuator by simply processing the control signal. With this control methodology, the underwater fixed position control in the range of +/- 4 mm, control time for 8 min, and above 50 % position error improvement compared to that without feedforward compensation have been demonstrated. The control results also show that the perturbation amplitude of the IPMC actuator around the setting position can be tuned. This control methodology paves the way for the versatile and practical operation of IPMC actuators.

关键词： IPMC Position control Actuators pulse width modulation Hysteresis compensation

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Comparison of space vector and switching frequency optimal pulse width modulation for diode free F-type multi level inverter

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IET POWER ELECTRONICS 2024年第15期17卷 2486-2497页

作者： Madhavan, Meenakshi Nallaperumal, Chellammal Hosseinpour, Alireza SRM Inst Sci & Technol Dept Elect & Instrumentat Engn Chennai Tamil Nadu India Univ Zabol Dept Elect Engn Zabol Iran

This study presents a comprehensive examination of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and switching frequency optimal PWM (SFOPWM) for an F-type multilevel inverter (FTMLI). SVPWM offers a simple, digital implementation for three-phase, three-level inverter structures, and carrier-based SFOPWM allows for maximum use of switching frequency with a simple construction. This approach reveals the underlying relationship between the above two PWM techniques with various amplitude and frequency modulation indices to ensure the performance of FTMLI. A suitable comparative study was carried out to verify the PWM techniques based on the inverter output voltage, total harmonic distortion, switching stress, and filter size. The analytical conclusions are supported by the simulation results and their experimental validation. Development of switching algorithm using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for F-type multilevel inverter (FTMLI). Development of switching algorithm using switching frequency optimal (SFO) PWM for FTMLI. Comparative analysis of performance parameters for SFO and SVPWM FTMLI based on harmonics, output voltage level and filter requirement. image

关键词： amplitude modulation DC-AC power converter harmonic analysis inverter pulse width modulation

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Hybrid pulse width modulation for Improving Reliability of DC-Link Capacitors of NPC Inverter in Photovoltaic Systems

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 18752-18763页

作者： Choi, Jae-Heon Choi, Ui-Min Blaabjerg, Frede Seoul Natl Univ Sci & Technol Dept Smart ICT Convergence Engn Seoul 01811 South Korea Aalborg Univ AAU Energy DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark

Reliability improvement of the Photovoltaic (PV) inverter has a high potential for reducing the cost of PV energy. The DC-link capacitor is one of the main components influencing the reliability of PV inverter systems. Various pulse-width modulation (PWM) methods have been proposed to increase the lifetime of the DC-link capacitor by reducing its ripple current. However, state-of-the-art PWM methods for reducing capacitor ripple current increase the output current THD. Nevertheless, its optimal application to achieve the target lifetime without unnecessary deterioration in output current THD has not been discussed. This paper proposes a PWM method for improving the lifetime of the DC-link capacitor of the NPC inverter. In addition, a mission-profile-based optimal application of the proposed PWM method with conventional Space Vector modulation (SVM) called a hybrid MLZSVM method is presented for achieving the target lifetime of the DC-link capacitor with minimized negative effect on the output THD of the NPC inverter. The proposed hybrid PWM concept is verified by the case study based on an annual mission profile of the PV system. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified through experiments.

关键词： Voltage Capacitors Inverters pulse width modulation Switches Reliability Support vector machines Photovoltaic systems Capacitor NPC inverter PV inverter PWM reliability

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Optimal pulse width modulation of Three-Level Converters With Reduced Common-Mode Voltage

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 2024年第3期60卷 4062-4075页

作者： Koukoula, Isavella Karamanakos, Petros Geyer, Tobias Tampere Univ Fac Informat Technol & Commun Sci Tampere 33101 Finland ABB Syst Dr CH-5300 Turgi Switzerland

This paper presents the computation of three-level optimized pulse patterns (OPPs) that limit the common-mode voltage (CMV) and generate currents with low harmonic distortions. This is achieved by relaxing the symmetry properties of conventional OPPs and by reformulating the associated optimization problem accordingly. As demonstrated by the presented numerical results for a three-level converter driving a medium-voltage (MV) induction machine, the computed OPPs not only limit the CMV but also produce very low harmonic distortions, in some cases even lower than those of conventional OPPs. Experimental results based on a scaled-down, low-voltage (LV) drive system serve as a proof of concept, highlighting the benefits of the proposed OPPs.

关键词： Switches Voltage modulation Harmonic analysis pulse width modulation Support vector machines Harmonic distortion Optimized pulse patterns (OPPs) three-level converters synchronous optimal pulse width modulation quarter-wave symmetry half-wave symmetry medium-voltage (MV) drives

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Impact of close proximity pulse width modulation switching events on electric machine terminal voltages

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IET ELECTRIC POWER APPLICATIONS 2024年第11期18卷 1458-1468页

作者： Hewitt, David A. Sundeep, Shubham Griffo, Antonio Wang, Jiabin Univ Sheffield Dept Elect & Elect Engn Sheffield England Natl Renewable Energy Lab Arvada CO USA

Electric machines form an essential part of a wide range of modern systems. When speed control is required, the use of pulse width modulation-based inverters is generally the solution of choice. It is also usual to connect the machine to the inverter using a cable. The combination of these three elements produces the potential for voltages which exceed the dc link voltage to occur at the machine terminals. Methods for predicting the terminal voltage exist;however, these methods assume that the pulses applied to the system can be considered as isolated, discrete events. The authors highlight an issue with this assumption. When a switching event occurs, it will cause a voltage disturbance in the unswitched phases of the system due to the mutual coupling between the phases. If a second switching event occurs within a short time of this event the resultant voltage will interact with the previous switching event resulting in a higher terminal voltage than would be the case for an isolated event. This effect can be problematic for insulation design if it is not considered. This issue is demonstrated, with the worst-case scenarios identified and potential methods of reducing terminal voltage being proposed. Electric machines driven by pulse width modulation-based inverters and connected using cables form an essential part of a wide range of modern systems. The combination of these three elements produces the potential for voltages which exceed the dc link voltage to occur at the machine terminals due to propagation and reflection effects. Methods for predicting the terminal voltage exist;however, these methods assume that the pulses applied to the system can be considered as isolated, discrete events;the authors highlight the fact that these predictions will be lower than the actual voltages experienced when multiple switching events from different phases occur within a short time period due to the effects of mutual coupling between the ***

关键词： electric machines electromagnetic coupling insulation pulse width modulation

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Performance improvement of electrochemical micromachining employing pulse width modulation

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JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 2024年 112卷 187-201页

作者： Panda, Himadri Sekhar Bhattacharyya, B. Jadavpur Univ Prod Engn Dept Kolkata 700032 India

Electrochemical micromachining (EMM) is leading a promising role in the fabrication of microcomponents which are used in different fields of micro -engineering applications. By reducing the energy of pulse waveform, machining accuracy can be improved, but in stagnant electrolytes, generated sludge during machining which creates an obstacle to further improvement of machining performance. To overcome this problem, pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is employed in EMM, where pulse width moves from shortest to longer duration without changing pulse period. Due to it, sludge can remove quickly from the narrow machining zone when the duration of pulse off time is longer and anodic dissolution can be controlled. This PWM is applied on step pulse waveform which is designed indigenously. In this waveform, two different peak voltages are incorporated into the pulse on time, resulting in potential transmission during each pulse on time is controlled. As a consequence, during each pulse on time, larger amount of material dissolution can be controlled precisely. To verify the feasibility of PWM technique, machining accuracy is investigated for different applied voltages, duty cycles, frequencies, and tool feed rates. In addition, the machined surface finish is also investigated under best parametric combination utilising different electrolyte concentrations. This PWM makes an effective contribution to profile accuracy, where at the movement of duty cycle from 30 % to 50 %, micro -groove width overcut is obtained as 34.026 mu m accompanied by less standard deviation of 1.24 mu m and taper angle of 14.030. By using this novel method, the machined surface roughness (Ra) is achieved as 0.0244 mu m, whereas Ra is 0.1609 mu m for the non-PWM method.

关键词： Electrochemical micromachining pulse width modulation Step pulse waveform Machining performance

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