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Predictive smart thermostat controller for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ESTONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 2018年第3期67卷 291-299页

作者： Soudari, Mallikarjun Kaparin, Vadim Srinivasan, Seshadhri Seshadhri, Subathra Kotta, Ulle Kalasalingam Univ Srivilliputhur India Tallinn Univ Technol Dept Software Sci Akad Tee 21 EE-12618 Tallinn Estonia

The paper suggests a simple energy saving controller for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems that combines information on occupancy and weather with predictive control to save energy in buildings. The controller uses a pulse width modulation strategy and turns on/off the HVAC system based on the optimal decisions of the model predictive controller. The suggested controller is simple yet optimal (in a certain sense), and therefore suitable for residential and small commercial buildings where the cost of the controller is a key factor. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is illustrated using simulations, whereas the model of the building thermal dynamics was identified based on data from experiments.

关键词： pulse-width modulation on/off controller HVAC model predictive control

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Noise analysis and efficiency improvement of a pulse-width modulated permanent magnet synchronous motor by dynamic error budgeting

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MECHATRONICS 2018年 50卷 225-233页

作者： Riel, Thomas Saathof, Rudolf Katalenic, Andelko Ito, Shingo Schiffer, Georg TU Wien Automat & Control Inst ACIN Gusshausstr 27-29 A-1040 Vienna Austria

This paper presents the mechatronic analysis and performance estimation of a pulse-width modulated permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), which is part of a direct-drive rotational servo system. Physical modeling together with dynamic error budgeting are applied to identify the minimal required switching frequency that maximizes the energy efficiency of the system while maintaining the required precision. The analysis is carried out for a wide velocity range and considers various friction phenomena. The disturbances induced by the switched amplifier are also considered and compared to a linear amplifier. The accuracy of the derived model and analysis is experimentally verified over the entire velocity range as well as for the considered range of switching frequencies.

关键词： Dynamic error budgeting pulse-width modulation Performance analysis Error estimation Servo systems Permanent magnet motors

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Dual-phase DC-DC buck converter with light-load performance enhancement for portable applications

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IET POWER ELECTRONICS 2018年第4期11卷 719-726页

作者： Zhang, Shuyu Zhao, Menglian Wu, Xiaobo Zhang, Haozhou Zhejiang Univ Inst VLSI Design Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China

In modern portable devices, except during short periods of busy time, application processors work at low-power state most of the time to prolong battery life. Thus, high efficiency and low consumption are essential for their power management under light-load conditions. This study presents a dual-phase DC-DC buck converter with light-load performance enhancement for power supply. As load decreases, the converter could transfer the adaptive-on-time-based control strategy from pulse-width modulation to pulse-frequency modulation to enhance efficiency. An extra power-save mode is introduced into design to minimise the power consumption at extremely light load. Besides, a novel current-balance circuit with additional offset elimination block is implemented, which results in equal distribution of load current between phases over wide load range. Moreover, instead of a conventional high precision and fast response comparator, a simple comparator with self-calibration is used in zero-current switching circuit to reduce design complexity, as well as to improve light-load efficiency. The converter is fabricated in 0.18-mu m Globalfoundry CMOS process. Experimental results show that91% peak efficiency and 6 mu A standby quiescent current is achieved. With the aid of mode switching, current-balance and zero-current switching, the light-load performance enhancement is verified by measurements.

关键词： DC-DC power convertors PWM power convertors pulse frequency modulation comparators (circuits) calibration switching convertors CMOS integrated circuits zero current switching dual-phase DC-DC buck converter light load performance enhancement portable device application power management adaptive-on-time-based control strategy pulse-width modulation pulse-frequency modulation extra power-save mode power consumption current-balance circuit offset elimination block comparator self-calibration zero-current switching circuit Globalfoundry CMOS process zero-current switching load current distribution size 0.18 mum efficiency 91 percent current 6 muA

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Small-Signal Analysis of Naturally-Sampled Single-Edge PWM Control Loops

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2018年第1期33卷 51-64页

作者： Mouton, Hendrik du Toit Cox, Stephen Michael McGrath, Brendan Risbo, Lars Putzeys, Bruno Univ Stellenbosch Dept Elect & Elect Engn ZA-7602 Matieland South Africa Univ Nottingham Sch Math Sci Nottingham NG7 2RD England RMIT Univ Sch Elect & Comp Engn Melbourne Vic 3000 Australia Purifi ApS DK-8270 Hojbjerg Denmark

This paper presents a simple method to analyze the behavior of feedback loops that contain a naturally-sampled singleedge pulse-width modulator. A small-signal model is derived by means of simple geometric arguments. It is shown how this small-signal model can be used to analyze the stability of the continuous-time pulse-width modulated feedback loop by using standard z-domain techniques. The strategy relies on familiar concepts like transfer functions and small-signal gains and does not require any in-depth knowledge of nonlinear systems. A simple design process, where the continuous- time compensator is designed directly in the z-domain, is developed and detailed design equations are derived for a PI current regulator. It is shownhowthe proposed strategy can accurately predict instability that cannot be explained by means of the well-known average model of the pulse-width modulator. The theoretical analysis is confirmed by means of detailed time-domain simulations. The mechanisms that lead to instability are discussed and an equation for the critical loop gain is derived.

关键词： Bifurcation pulse-width modulation small-signal model stability

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Hybrid control technique for minimizing the torque ripple of brushless direct current motor

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MEASUREMENT & CONTROL 2018年第7-8期51卷 321-335页

作者： Prathibanandhi, K. Ramesh, R. Anna Univ Madras 600025 Tamil Nadu India Anna Univ Coll Engn Dept Elect & Elect Engn Madras Tamil Nadu India

This paper presented the brushless direct current motor torque ripple reduction based on the speed and torque control using hybrid technique. The dynamic behavior of the brushless direct current motor is analyzed in terms of the parameters such as the speed, current, back electromotive force and torque. Based on the parameters, the motor speed is controlled and minimized the torque ripples. For controlling the speed of the brushless direct current motor is utilized the fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative controller for generating the optimal control pulses. With the use of fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative controller, the optimal gain parameters are needed to reduce the torque ripples and control the speed of brushless direct current motor. By utilizing the hybrid technique, the gain parameters are utilized to analyze the optimal gain parameters of fractional-order proportional-integralderivative controller. The hybrid technique is the combination of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system with firefly algorithm. The proposed strategy is simple in structure and robust to reduce the complexities of the mathematical computations. Initially, the nature inspired optimization algorithm of firefly algorithm is analyzed for finding the error function. In addition, the efficient adaptive neuro- fuzzy inference system controller which becomes an integrated method of approach is performed to control the error functions in order to yields excellent optimized gain values. After that, the control signals are applied to the input of voltage source converter of brushless direct current motor. With this control strategy, the harmonics and torque ripples are minimized. Based on the proposed control strategy, the speed and torque performance is analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink platform and evaluates their performance. The performance analysis of the proposed method is demonstrated and contrasted with t

关键词： Brushless direct current motor torque ripple minimization speed and torque control pulse-width modulation fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative controller adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system firefly algorithm

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From Broadband to Electrochromic Notch Filters with Printed Monochiral Carbon Nanotubes

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018年第13期10卷 11135-11142页

作者： Berger, Felix J. Higgins, Thomas M. Rother, Marcel Graf, Arko Zakharko, Yuriy Allard, Sybille Matthiesen, Maik Gotthardt, Jan M. Schee, Ullrich Zaumseil, Jana Heidelberg Univ Inst Phys Chem D-69120 Heidelberg Germany Heidelberg Univ Ctr Adv Mat D-69120 Heidelberg Germany Berg Univ Wuppertal Dept Chem D-42119 Wuppertal Germany Berg Univ Wuppertal Inst Polymer Technol D-42119 Wuppertal Germany

Dense layers of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) serve as electrochromic (EC) materials in the near-infrared with high optical density and high conductivity. EC cells with tunable notch filter properties instead of broadband absorption are created via highly selective dispersion of specific semiconducting SWNTs through polymer-wrapping followed by deposition of thick films by aerosol-jet printing. A simple planar geometry with spray-coated mixed SWNTs as the counter electrode renders transparent metal oxides redundant and facilitates complete bleaching within a few seconds through iongel electrolytes with high ionic conductivities. Monochiral (6,5) SWNT films as working electrodes exhibit a narrow absorption band at 997 nm (full width at half-maximum of 55-73 nm) with voltage-dependent optical densities between 0.2 and 4.5 and a modulation depth of up to 43 dB. These (6,5) SWNT notch filters can retain more than 95% of maximum bleaching for several hours under open-circuit conditions. In addition, different levels of transmission can be set by applying constant low voltage (1.5 V) pulses with modulated width or by a given number of fixed short pulses.

关键词： electrochromic filter notch single-walled carbon nanotubes near-infrared pulse-width modulation

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A digital dual-modulation control for single-phase UPS inverters

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS 2018年第11期105卷 1900-1915页

作者： Xiu, Limei Zhang, Weiping Li, Bo Sun, Yi Beijing Inst Technol Sch Informat & Elect Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Union Univ Smart City Coll Beijing Peoples R China North China Univ Technol Coll Mech & Elect Engn Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Microelect Key Lab Silicon Device Technol Beijing Peoples R China China Acad Space Technol Natl Innovat Ctr Radiat Applicat Beijing Peoples R China

A trip-point modulation strategy is proposed for single-phase uninterruptible power supply inverters with an LC filter, which operates simultaneously with pulse-width modulation, named dual-modulation (DM) control. Current estimation and offset current approximation are used conjointly to facilitate the proposed control law. It is shown analytically that the DM control leads to reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) and gains fast transient-state recovery. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate significant amelioration to THD and dynamic state compared to proportional-integral-derivative control under both linear and non-linear loads.

关键词： Uninterruptible power supply pulse-width modulation current estimation total harmonic distortion control-law

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Dual carrier based PWM strategy for common-mode voltage reduction of three-phase voltage source inverters

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IEICE ELECTRONICS EXPRESS 2019年第1期16卷 20180994-20180994页

作者： Guo, Yuanbo Li, Ze Li, Haoyang Zhang, Xiaohua Dalian Univ Technol Sch Elect Engn Dalian 116024 Liaoning Peoples R China

A pulse-width modulation (PWM) strategy based on dual carrier is proposed to suppress the common-mode voltage (CMV) of three-phase voltage source inverters (VSIs). This strategy employs two triangle carriers with opposite phase to reduce the peak value of the generated CMV by avoiding zero voltage vectors. In particular, the effective phase range of the two opposite carriers is derived. The optimal initial phase of the dual carrier is determined through the output performance comparison of VSI. Finally, the experimental results are presented to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed modulation strategy.

关键词： dual carrier pulse-width modulation common-mode voltage

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Assessment of Efficiency and Reliability of Wide Band-Gap Based H8 Inverter in Electric Vehicle Applications

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ENERGIES 2019年第10期12卷 1922页

作者： Concari, Luca Barater, Davide Toscani, Andrea Concari, Carlo Franceschini, Giovanni Buticchi, Giampaolo Liserre, Marco Zhang, He Zapi SpA I-42028 Poviglio RE Italy Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia Dept Engn Enzo Ferrari I-41125 Modena Italy Univ Parma Dept Engn & Architecture I-43124 Parma Italy Univ Nottingham Ningbo China Key Lab More Elect Aircraft Technol Zhejiang Prov Ningbo 315100 Zhejiang Peoples R China Univ Kiel Chair Power Elect D-24143 Kiel Germany 199 Taikang East Rd Ningbo 315100 Zhejiang Peoples R China

This paper analyzes the performance of a three-phase converter architecture with a reduced common mode voltage to be used in electric motor drives. Starting from the classical three-phase bridge architecture, two additional switches are inserted in the DC link, in order to decouple the source from the load during the freewheeling intervals. Ad-hoc modulation strategies are introduced and evaluated against the classical three-phase space vector modulation. Three main parameters are analyzed: common mode voltage, efficiency and reliability. Experimental measurements on a converter prototype are used to evaluate the common mode performance. The efficiency in the case of Si-IGBT and SiC-MOSFETs is experimentally evaluated. Reliability analysis performed with a Coffin-Mason model showed that the higher efficiency offered by the SiC devices allows for a marked extension of the lifetime.

关键词： pulse width modulated inverter motor drive electric vehicle pulse-width modulation space vector common-mode voltage leakage current

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A new configuration of seven-level quasi Z-source-based isolated inverter for renewable applications

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INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENERGY SYSTEMS 2019年第5期29卷

作者： Jammy, Ramesh Rahul Annamalai, Kirubakaran Natl Inst Technol Warangal Dept Elect Engn Warangal 506004 TS India

In this paper, a new configuration of seven-level quasi Z-source (qZs)-based isolated inverter is introduced in the family of Z-source-based multilevel inverters (MLIs). The proposed topology is an upgrade of qZs inverter and asymmetrical seven-level inverter with significant advantages of high boost gain, reduced device count, and higher efficiency. In addition, the front-end qZs converter provides wide input voltage regulation for eco-friendly photovoltaic (PV) as well as fuel cell-based standalone/grid-connected applications. The use of high-frequency transformer blocks the leakage current from PV panels to the local load/grid, and the seven-level inverter produces high quality sinusoidal output waveform, which reduces the filter size. Therefore, the working principle of the proposed configuration is tested in simulation, and an experimental verification is performed to validate the effectiveness of the model. A proportional-integral (PI) controller is designed in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) using Xilinx blocks, and the dynamic response of the model is evaluated for changes in input voltage and step changes in load. Moreover, a brief comparative assessment of proposed configuration with existing seven-level qZs-MLI is also presented.

关键词： isolated quasi-Z source inverter multilevel inverter pulse-width modulation shoot-through

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