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Extended multilevel converters: an attempt to reduce the number of independent DC voltage sources in cascaded multilevel converters

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IET POWER ELECTRONICS 2014年第1期7卷 157-166页

作者： Babaei, Ebrahim Kangarlu, Mohammad Farhadi Sabahi, Mehran Univ Tabriz Fac Elect & Comp Engn Tabriz Iran

The cascaded multilevel converters are the most favorable topologies of multilevel converters. However, they have the main disadvantage of using multiple independent dc voltage sources. This study proposes new cascaded multilevel converter topologies in which the number of independent dc voltage sources is reduced. In the proposed topologies, for a specific number of voltage levels, the number of dc voltage sources is halved. Beside the number of dc voltage sources, in one of the proposed topologies the number of switches is also reduced in comparison with that of the conventional cascaded multilevel converter. A new modified pulse-width modulation method is presented to control the proposed topologies. Also, a method for compensating non-ideality of the dc voltage sources is presented. Simulation results using PSCAD software as well as experimental results from a laboratory-scale prototype are presented to verify the proposed multilevel converters.

关键词： power system CAD PWM power convertors extended multilevel converters independent DC voltage sources cascaded multilevel converter topologies voltage levels pulse-width modulation PSCAD software

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Simplified implementation of optimised carrier-based PWM in three-level inverters

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2014年第8期50卷 631-+页

作者： Grandi, G. Loncarski, J. Univ Bologna Dept Elect Elect & Informat Engn I-40126 Bologna Italy

Carrier-based modulation has been widely adopted since it offers some benefits compared to space-vector modulation in both two-level and in multilevel three-phase inverters, such as inherent simplicity, flexibility, reduced computational times and easy implementation on industrial DSPs. Among the numerous types of pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques, the centred PWM (CPWM) is nearly optimal modulation since it minimises the RMS of the output current harmonics. Despite optimised CPWM being easy to implement in two-level inverters, the complexity increases in the case of three-level and multilevel inverters. A straightforward and simplified procedure to implement optimised CPWM in carried-based modulation for the three-level inverter is proposed and numerically verified.

关键词： RESEARCH ELECTRIC inverters pulse-width modulation pulse-width modulation inverters SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques pulse modulation (Electronics)

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Accurately determine steady-state output for a periodically driven RC filter

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Electronic Design 2014年第11期62卷 47-48页

作者： Wu, Keng Switching Power Inc. United States

The article presents a new design idea for accurately determining steady-state output for a periodically driven real circuit (RC) filter. Topics discussed include the design showing a graphical technique for determining the output of an RC filter driven by a pulse-width modulation (PWM) pulse train, design requiring the manipulation of infinite series with a limit, and limitation on graphical display of multiple line equation due to image rights restrictions.

关键词： Electric circuits -- Design & construction Electric filters pulse-width modulation pulse modulation (Electronics) Electronic pulse techniques

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Parameter Estimation of a Microbial Fuel Cell Process Control-Oriented Model 22

Parameter Estimation of a Microbial Fuel Cell Process Contro...

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22nd Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED)

作者： Recio-Garrido, Didac Perrier, Michel Tartakovsky, Boris Ecole Polytech Montreal Dept Genie Chim CP 6079Succursale Ctr Ville Montreal PQ H3C 3A7 Canada Natl Res Council Canada Montreal PQ H4P 2R2 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781479959013

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are novel devices capable of producing electricity while cleaning wastewater. Developing dynamic control-oriented models for such systems represents a crucial tool for the future design of software sensors and model-based control strategies. To this end, this work presents a MFC process control-oriented model obtained by combining fundamental equations based on mass and electron balances with equations describing an equivalent electrical circuit. Such model accounts for the double layer capacitance effect and complex nonlinear dynamics observed during pulse-width modulated operation of the external resistance and therefore, it is able to describe the observed biological or long-term dynamics as well as the electrical or short-term dynamics. The parameter estimation for a simulation and a prediction MFC process control-oriented model is here described.

关键词： capacitance equivalent circuits microbial fuel cells power system control MFC process control-oriented model complex nonlinear dynamics double layer capacitance effect dynamic control-oriented model electron balance equivalent electrical circuit mass balance microbial fuel cell model-based control strategy parameter estimation pulse-width modulation software sensor wastewater Biological system modeling Capacitance Equations Integrated circuit modeling Mathematical model Predictive models Substrates

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A Capacitor Voltage Balancing Method with Zero-Voltage Switching for Split Phase Inverter

A Capacitor Voltage Balancing Method with Zero-Voltage Switc...

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29th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Zhang, Lanhua Gu, Bin Dominic, Jason Chen, Baifeng Lai, Jih-Sheng Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Future Energy Elect Ctr Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923250

This paper presents a new method of current control that employs burst mode in order to balance the dc-side capacitor voltages of split phase inverters. By alternating the inductor current in every switching period, zero-voltage switching (ZVS) can be achieved, which avoids the reverse recovery issue of power MOSFETs. As a result, super-junction MOSFETs instead of IGBTs can be employed to achieve higher efficiency. Combining the hysteresis current control with traditional pulse-width modulation (PWM), a new burst mode control method is proposed in this paper. The minimum operation time during a set modulation period is limited then the efficiency at the light load can be increased. A buck-and-boost converter is employed as the auxiliary circuit for the capacitor voltage balancing circuit. Due to the proposed ZVS method, inductor volume can be reduced. A prototype with 25 A current capacity is built to verify all the performance of the presented control method. The efficiency over the whole load range is over 98% with a peak efficiency of 98.4%.

关键词： PWM invertors electric current control power MOSFET power capacitors voltage control zero voltage switching IGBTs PWM ZVS ZVS method auxiliary circuit buck-and-boost converter burst mode control method capacitor voltage balancing circuit method current 25 A current control method dc-side capacitor voltages hysteresis current control inductor current light load efficiency power MOSFETs pulse-width modulation reverse recovery set modulation period split phase inverter super-junction MOSFETs zero-voltage switching Capacitors Equalizers Inductors Inverters modulation Switches Zero voltage switching

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Multifunctional Power Quality Controller based on Power Electronic Converter 16

Multifunctional Power Quality Controller based on Power Elec...

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16th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference and Exposition (PEMC)

作者： Rozanov, Yuriy Lepanov, Mikhail Kiselev, Mikhail Natl Res Univ Moscow Power Engn Inst MPEI Dept Elect & Elect Apparat Moscow Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781479920600

The paper presents the multifunctional controller based on ac-dc power electronic converter. The controller is intended for nonactive power compensation in three-phase systems, and performs functions of reactive power control, active filtering and load balancing. It enables to improve the power quality in distribution power system. The realization of control algorithms using synchronous rotating frame (abc/dq-transformation) and pulse-width modulation is considered. The MatLab/Simulink model was developed to study the controller operation and efficiency of proposed algorithms for realization of different functions in case of nonlinear and/or unbalanced load.

关键词： power quality power electronic converter reactive power active filtering load balancing pulse-width modulation

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Self-Contained Control for Turn-On Transition of an Optically Driven IGBT

Self-Contained Control for Turn-On Transition of an Opticall...

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29th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Riazmontazer, Hossein Mazumder, Sudip K. Univ Illinois Dept Elect & Comp Engn Lab Energy & Switching Elect Syst Chicago IL 60607 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923250

This paper presents a novel photonic control mechanism to control the turn-on transition of insulated gate power semi-conductor devices (PSDs), used in the hard switched power electronics applications. Turn-on transition control decreases the overshoot of the turn-on current caused by reverse-recovery current (IRR) of the free-wheeling diode (FWD) due to high slope of current during turn-on. It also adjusts the turn-on dv/dt to control the switching loss and electro-magnetic interference (EMI) while keeps the PSD in the safe-operating area. In contrast to other works, the proposed control method independently adjusts the turn-on di/dt and dv/dt in different operating conditions using a single circuit. The onset of transition between di/dt and dv/dt control regions is determined using a self-contained control circuit. The error between the desired and actual onset of transition is compensated using a partially activated PI compensator. Another feature of the presented work is using a single optical link for both pulse-width modulation (PWM) and switching transition control of an Optically-triggered (OT) hybrid device comprising an IGBT as the main PSD and a pair of GaAs-based optically-triggered power transistors (OTPTs) serving as the driver for the IGBT. The proposed control circuit operation and advantages are presented and verified by experimental results.

关键词： III-V semiconductors PI control compensation electric current control electromagnetic interference gallium arsenide insulated gate bipolar transistors optical variables control photonic switching systems power field effect transistors power semiconductor diodes EMI FWD GaAs IRR OTPT PSD PWM electromagnetic interference free-wheeling diode hard switched power electronics application insulated gate power semi-conductor device optical link optically driven IGBT optically-triggered hybrid device optically-triggered power transistors partially activated PI compensator photonic control mechanism pulse-width modulation reverse-recovery current self-contained control circuit switching loss switching transition control turn-on current overshoot turn-on transition control Adaptive optics Insulated gate bipolar transistors Laser transitions Logic gates Optical switches Voltage control

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An All-Digital PWM-Based ΔΣ ADC with an Inherently Matched Multi-bit Quantizer 36

An All-Digital PWM-Based ΔΣ ADC with an Inherently Matched...

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36th Annual IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC) - The Showcase for Integrated Circuit Design in the Heart of Silicon Valley

作者： Jung, Wooyoung Mortazavi, Yousof Evans, Brian L. Hassibi, Arjang Univ Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479932863

An all-digital PWM-based delta-sigma (Delta Sigma) ADC is proposed. This system takes advantages of the duration of a pulse, rather than voltage or current, as the analog operand used in its closed-loop operation. Unlike VCO-based ADCs, this ADC as a linear input sampling stage with adequate uncalibrated performance. Furthermore, the architecture allows inherently matched multi-bit quantizer/DAC blocks by taking advantage of delay lines reusable in both quantization and DAC operation. A 3-bit prototype of this ADC in 0.18 mu m CMOS process is implemented, tested, and presented. With an OSR of 72 and a bandwidth of 1 MHz, it achieves a dynamic range of 51 dB and SNDR of 49.6 dB while consuming 1.5 mA from a 1.8 V supply. The core occupies an area of 0.0275 mm(2).

关键词： Analog-to-digital converter delta-sigma modulation time-to-digital converter VCO-based ADCs pulse-width modulation digital-to-time converter

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A Modified Voltage Balancing Sorting Algorithm for the Modular Multilevel Converter: Evaluation for Staircase and Phase-Disposition PWM

A Modified Voltage Balancing Sorting Algorithm for the Modul...

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29th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Darus, Rosheila Pou, Josep Konstantinou, Georgios Ceballos, Salvador Agelidis, Vassilios G. Univ New South Wales AERI Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Univ New South Wales Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Univ Teknol Mara UiTM Fac Elect Engn Shah Alam 40450 Selangor Malaysia Tech Univ Catalonia UPC TIEG Catalonia Spain TECNALIA Energy Unit Basque Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781479923250

This paper introduces a low complexity implementation of the voltage balancing sorting algorithm to reduce the switching frequency of the power devices in modular multilevel converters (MMCs). Two modulation techniques are evaluated;staircase modulation and phase-disposition pulse-width modulation (PD-PWM) under the conventional and the proposed algorithm. Using a circulating current controller in an MMC with 12 sub-modules per arm, PD-PWM yields better results compared to the staircase modulation technique. The test condition for this comparison is such that the power devices operate at a similar switching frequency and produce similar amplitudes to the capacitor voltage ripples in both modulation techniques. The results are verified through extensive simulations and experimentally using a phase-leg MMC laboratory prototype.

关键词： Modular multilevel converter modulation technique pulse-width modulation Capacitor voltage balancing

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Applying of Surge Arresters in Power Electronic Network Components

Applying of Surge Arresters in Power Electronic Network Comp...

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32nd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)

作者： Shulzhenko, Eduar Rock, Michael Birle, Matthias Leu, Carsten Tech Univ Ilmenau Grp Lightning & Overvoltage Protect D-98684 Ilmenau Germany Tech Univ Ilmenau Res Unit High Voltage Technol D-98684 Ilmenau Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781479935444

The increased use of renewable energy sources and connection of energy storage systems to energy distribution networks of the future on the basis of DC voltage demands new power electronic modules with a higher degree of efficiency, reliability and with materials saving. In this article, the overvoltage protection concept on the basis of metal oxide varistors (MOV) for such network components as pulse-width modulation (PWM) modules and DC-to-DC converters as well as a new patented, innovative power-electronic topology concept [1, 2], which allows the regenerative energy sources connect direct to the medium-voltage distribution system is introduced. The distorted voltages from converters and from other power electronic network components are characterized by highfrequency pulsating voltages which generate leakage currents because of MOV capacitance. This leakage current in its turn can overheat the MOV and accelerate its thermal ageing. The main focus of this work is to study the distorted voltages in already mentioned network concepts and its influence on installed MOV and vice versa. The concept of overvoltage protection for some network components is presented. Additionally, an effort to combine the overvoltage protection system with some other useful functions for converter, such as definition of reference potential of the internal ground, was fulfilled.

关键词： surge arrester metal oxide varistor leakage current central transformation unit pulse-width modulation intermediate circuit capacitor

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