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Improved PWM-Based Sinewave Generation: Example of the Impedance Measurement

AUTOMATIC CONTROL AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2023年第5期57卷 449-458页

作者： Abdullayev, A. Annus, P. Krivosei, A. Metshein, M. Martens, O. Rist, M. Tallinn Univ Technol Thomas Johann Seebeck Dept Elect Tallinn Estonia

Using the pulse-width modulation (PWM) is a very convenient and efficient way to generate the approximation of the AC, in the simplest case sinewaves in the embedded test & measurement solutions. Partly, because the on-chip PWM modulator is available in most of the microcontroller and DSP chips. In the current paper improved (compared with conventional PWM) implementation of the binary waveforms is proposed. The idea is based first on the conversion of the desired AC (e.g., sinewave) to quantize in the amplitude domain waveform, to be further converted to the binary pulses with a duty cycle, corresponding to each quantization level. Such an approach is described and analyzed, with several examples of the implementation and application for impedance measurement solutions. The results show the significant improvements of the approximated binary signals both in the frequency and time domain, by optional simple low- or bandpass filtering of the binary signal, over classical PWM, while still preserving simplicity (e.g., number of needed binary signal segments) of the generated waveforms (e.g., compared with delta-sigma bitstreams). The beneficial usage of the proposed approach for the impedance measurement applications is described, as well as to generate excitation waveforms, as well as to be used as reference waveforms for synchronous demodulation of the response signal. It is shown, that for the frequency range of 10 to 70 kHz total harmonic distortion below 2.5% can be achieved by the proposed improved PWM solution.

关键词： pulse-width modulation sine wave impedance measurement binary representation waveform

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Mitigating Dead-Time Impact in a Three-Phase Split-Source Inverter: A Simple Compensation Method 23

Mitigating Dead-Time Impact in a Three-Phase Split-Source In...

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23rd International Symposium INFOTEH-JAHORINA (INFOTEH)

作者： Basic, Mateo Vukadinovic, Dinko Grgic, Ivan Univ Split Fac Elect Engn Mech Engn & Naval Architecture Split Croatia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350329940;9798350307368

The use of a split-source inverter (SSI) has gained popularity due to its ability to achieve boost operation without requiring additional active semiconductor switches. This results in lower costs, reduced complexity, and a smaller overall size compared to two-stage inverter topologies. The SSI is particularly well-suited for low-voltage-fed applications and offers advantages over other single-stage topologies, such as the utilization of conventional pulse-width modulation (PWM) switching, lower passive component count, continuous input current, and constant voltage across the bridge. All PWM methods used for the SSI introduce dead time to prevent shoot-through in the inverter bridge, but it also results in lower voltage boost and higher harmonic distortion in the output currents. This study investigates the negative effects of dead time on the SSI's performance and proposes a simple compensation method to mitigate these effects. It includes an analysis of four PWM methods - two biased and two unbiased. The effectiveness of the proposed compensation method is confirmed by experimental results.

关键词： compensation dead time experimental validation pulse-width modulation single-stage split-source inverter

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Instant High Starting Current Protection System for Induction Motor Based Reducing the Starting Speed 2nd

Instant High Starting Current Protection System for Inductio...

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2nd International Conference on Forthcoming Networks and Sustainability in the AIoT Era (FoNeS-AIoT)

作者： Ahmed, Saadaldeen Rashid Fadhil, Mohammed Sekhar, Ravi Hussain, Abadal-Salam T. Itankar, Nilisha Tawfeq, Jamal Fadhil Taha, Taha A. Ahmed, Shouket A. Alayan Univ Coll Engn Artificial Intelligence Engn Dept Nasiriyah Iraq Bayan Univ Comp Sci Dept Erbil Kurdistan Iraq Symbiosis Int Deemed Univ SIU Symbiosis Inst Technol SIT Pune Campus Pune 412115 Maharashtra India Al Kitab Univ Tech Engn Coll Dept Med Instrumentat Tech Engn Altun Kupri Kirkuk Iraq Al Farahidi Univ Med Tech Coll Dept Med Instrumentat Tech Engn Baghdad Iraq Northern Tech Univ Unit Renewable Energy Kirkuk Iraq

ISBN: (纸本)9783031628702;9783031628719

This research, titled Instant High Starting Current Protection System for Induction Motor by Reducing the Starting Speed, presents a simple inverter topology by using a phaseAC supply to drive three-phase induction machines. The main objective is to design a starter for an induction motor using a soft switching device, and the starter will control the current during the starting condition by reducing the starting speed. The PWM generator for this research uses 555 timers, which provide a square wave frequency to the gate driver circuit. The simulation was done part by part using Multisim and PSIM software. The simulation result shows that the three-phase induction machine can operate by using a single-phase AC supply, and the frequency of the PWM signal can be adjusted by inserting a variable resistor into the control circuit and finally reducing the high starting current for the induction motor.

关键词： Induction Motor High Starting Current pulse-width modulation Inverter

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Cumulative Charge Balanced Single-Inductor DualOutput Converter for Improved Transient and Cross Regulation 39

Cumulative Charge Balanced Single-Inductor DualOutput Conver...

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Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Hareesh, A., V Patra, Pradipta Parmar, Manish Chen, Nelson Samsung Semicond India Syst LSI PMIC Bangalore Karnataka India Samsung Elect S&M Syst LSI Device Solut Amer Mountain View CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316643

Increasing complexity and applications in highly integrated systems on chips (SoCs) for consumer electronics, automobile infotainments, wearables etc. the power management unit (PMU) is required to provide several power supplies efficiently for individual applications. Such multiple rails to cater to high performance in the applications involve high form factor and BOM size on the chip. This paper proposes a Single-Inductor Dual-Output (SIDO) Boost converter topology with an application-specific switching scheme induced with a novel control methodology to power two step-up (boost) outputs 6.3V and 5.0V from a Li-ion Battery (2.7V - 4.5V) input. The target application is a mid-power wearable application (6W) with very high load transients. The novel control scheme almost eliminates the cross-regulation amongst the outputs across all load transitions. Results show a cross-regulation of 0.06 mV/mA at VOUT2 when VOUT1 is stepped up from low to rated load and 0.06 mV/ mA at VOUT1 when VOUT2 is stepped up from low to rated load. Even with simultaneous maximum load transitions at both the outputs the droops in VOUT1 and VOUT2 is 0.168 mV/ mA.

关键词： Single-Inductor Dual-Output (SIDO) Ultra-low Cross-Regulation Fast transient response Current mode control pulse-width modulation

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On Harmonic Properties of Carrier-Based Asynchronous modulation Strategies for Dual-Inverter Topology 22

On Harmonic Properties of Carrier-Based Asynchronous Modulat...

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IEEE 22nd Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON)

作者： Baum, Filip Kucera, Jakub Zakopal, Petr Bauer, Jan Lipcak, Ondrej Czech Tech Univ Dept Elect Drives Prague Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387032;9798350387025

The dual-inverter topology is a key solution for high-performance motor drives, offering reliability and efficient DC-bus voltage utilization. This paper focuses on the isolated DC source configuration, known for its fault tolerance and suitability for applications like electric vehicles. Unlike common DC source setups, it eliminates the zero-sequence current path. This study explores the harmonic properties of popular carrier-based asynchronous modulation techniques (SVPWM, DPWM1, and DPWM2) in dual-inverter systems. While these techniques are well-studied in conventional inverters, their behavior in dual-inverter setups remains underexplored. The investigation includes different reference vector distributions and compares results with conventional inverters. The findings enhance our understanding of harmonic behavior in dual-inverter configurations, providing insights for optimizing motor drives and power electronics applications.

关键词： dual-inverter pulse-width modulation harmonic analysis

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Impact of PWM Strategy on Current Estimation Quality in Induction Motor Drive System

Impact of PWM Strategy on Current Estimation Quality in Indu...

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27th International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM)

作者： Teler, Krystian Adamczyk, Michal Orlowska-Kowalska, Teresa Wroclaw Univ Sci & Technol Dept Elect Machines Drives & Measurements Wroclaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350387605;9798350387599

In modern electric drives, the aim is to provide the best possible control while ensuring safe operation. Diagnostic methods that are used for the latter purpose require the use of signals to identify failures in the operation of the drive. For this reason, methods are being developed that reproduce state variables with high accuracy. One signal that can be estimated is the stator phase current, which should be known in any control structure of the electric motors, especially in the case of current sensor fault. However, current estimators based on the mathematical model of the motor are sensitive to incorrect identification of object parameters. One method to improve the quality of estimation is to use an inverter dead-time compensation algorithm. However, there is a lack of research on the effect of the chosen pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique on the performance of the current estimator. This article presents the results of such a study, which was conducted on a laboratory test bench in a drive system with an induction motor. The effect of ten different modulation techniques on the quality of stator current estimation in a drive system with inverter dead-time compensation taken into account was studied. The results confirm that the selection of an appropriate PWM modulation strategy can improve the quality of estimation by up to 36.7% over the commonly used space-vector PWM (SVPWM). The results of the study can be the basis for the development of algorithms to improve the quality of stator current estimation over a wide range of drive operating points.

关键词： induction motor drive pulse-width modulation current sensor fault stator current estimation

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Solar Greenhouse Illumination Using Smart Artificial Lighting System

Solar Greenhouse Illumination Using Smart Artificial Lightin...

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2024 IEEE Region 10 Conference, TENCON 2024

作者： Paguel, Francisco R. Tria, Lew Andrew R. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City Philippines

ISBN: (纸本)9798350350821

Agrivoltaics gives a promising solution in providing dual production of food and electricity. However, as a closed agrivoltaic system, the solar greenhouse experiences a problem of optimizing the natural light in generating electricity and producing crops at the same time. The roofing solar modules prevent the plants from receiving adequate amount of sunlight that they need for photosynthesis in exchange for higher power generation. Thus, this research project explored the implementation of a smart artificial lighting system tailored to supplement light for the plants. An adaptive control algorithm based on the correlation of outdoor solar irradiance and the ambient light inside the solar greenhouse was developed to dynamically adjust the illuminance of artificial lights. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology was integrated into the system to remotely monitor the variations in ambient light, solar irradiance, and energy consumption of the artificial lighting system. The effect of the dimmable lighting system on plants and energy consumption was compared to that of the control setup having no artificial lights and the setup with non-dimmable lights. Results showed that the lighting system improved the growth and quality of plants relative to that of the control setup. It consumed less energy than that of the non-dimmable artificial lights. It can be supplied by the harvested energy from the roofing solar module. Furthermore, its benefit-to-cost ratio from its one-month operation was found to be economically desirable, but it needed improvements to become a better system than the control setup. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： agrivoltaics energy saving Internet of Things pulse-width modulation smart artificial lighting system

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Double-layer equalizer with multi-winding transformer and resonance switched capacitor module for series-connected batteries

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IET POWER ELECTRONICS 2022年第12期15卷 1217-1225页

作者： Pan, Shuo Lu, Na Liu, Nan CRRC TANGSHAN Co LTD Tangshan Peoples R China

A double-layer architecture for series-connected modules is proposed to decrease the long battery string's equalizer circuit complexity, which is based on multi-winding transformers and resonance switched capacitors. Cell voltages in a module are equalized by the multi-winding transformer equalizer, while module voltages are unified by resonance switched capacitor converters. Both multi-winding transformer and resonance switched capacitor share a half-bridge, and all of the switches are derived by one pair of pulse-width modulation (PWM). The theoretical and dynamic balance experiments are conducted to verify the equalizer feasibility. The results show that both layers' system can realize the automatic balance without cell-monitoring circuits. The efficiency of the proposed equalizer reaches 93.2%.

关键词： PWM power convertors switching convertors llong battery string's equalizer circuit complexity PWM power capacitors switched capacitor networks secondary cells series-connected modules cell voltages double-layer architecture double-layer equalizer half-bridge series-connected batteries resonant power convertors equalisers transformer windings cell-monitoring circuits multiwinding transformer bridge circuits resonance switched capacitor module pulse-width modulation dynamic balance experiment

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DC-link low-frequency current and voltage ripple analysis in multiphase voltage source inverters with unbalanced load

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IET ELECTRIC POWER APPLICATIONS 2022年第3期16卷 300-314页

作者： Vujacic, Marija Dordevic, Obrad Mandrioli, Riccardo Grandi, Gabriele Hitachi Energy Grid Automat Genoa Italy Liverpool John Moores Univ Sch Engn Byrom St Liverpool L3 3AF Merseyside England Univ Bologna Dept Elect Elect & Informat Engn Bologna Italy

Inverter's performance and operating mode may be negatively affected by inverter input (dc-link) current and voltage ripple. It is a common experience that even theoretically balanced loads with perfectly balanced supply voltages, such as multiphase ac motors supplied by pulse-width modulation (PWM) inverters, in practice show a certain degree of current unbalance, in the range of a few percent, which introduces a low-frequency instantaneous power oscillation. This reflects in current and voltage low-frequency ripple on the dc-link inverter side (i.e. at the double-fundamental frequency). A possible method to analyse this matter is through the symmetric sequence components. In particular, based on the first negative current sequence component and by considering the equivalent dc-link impedance calculated at the dominant double-fundamental frequency, the amplitude of the corresponding dc-link voltage ripple component is calculated in this work for a general multiphase load. Finally, the design of the dc-link capacitor in multiphase inverters is proposed considering requirements referred to the double-fundamental dc voltage ripple. The feasibility of the proposed developments has been verified for three-, five- and seven-phase inverters by both numerical simulations and comprehensive experimental tests, always showing a good matching.

关键词： DC-AC power converters DC-bus voltage ripple DC-link capacitor electric motor drive multiphase systems pulse-width modulation switching circuits voltage-source inverter

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Active Switched-Capacitor Embedded Quasi-Z-Source Inverter and PWM Methods for High Boost Capability and Switching Loss Reduction

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IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 119301-119313页

作者： Huynh, Anh-Tuan Ho, Anh-Vu Chun, Tae-Won Univ Ulsan Dept Elect Engn Ulsan 44610 South Korea Eastern Int Univ Sch Engn Binh Duong City 822096 Vietnam

This paper proposes a novel topology, named a single-phase active switched-capacitor embedded quasi-Z-source inverter (ASC-EqZSI), and two pulse-width modulation (PWM) methods, namely, PWM1 and PWM2 methods for the proposed ASC-EqZSI topology to improve the boost capability and reduce switching loss. The boost capability can be improved by using an additional non-shoot-through (NST) state, referred to as the NST2 state, besides conventional shoot-through (ST) and NST states. In the NST2 state, the switch in the impedance network is switched on to boost the dc-link voltage while generating the ac output voltage. A PWM1 method is suggested to control both the NST2 and ST time intervals with one carrier signal for improving the boost capability. A PWM2 method aims to reduce the commutation count of the switches and diodes in the proposed topology while maintaining the enhanced boost capability. The switching loss can be reduced by almost 40%. A comparative analysis between the proposed topology with the PWM2 method and five other topologies with an active switched Z-network is performed. The proposed topology with the PWM2 method has a higher ac voltage gain and efficiency with fewer components. Simulation and experimental results are carried out to validate the performances of the proposed topology and PWM methods.

关键词： Active switched-capacitor boost capability high voltage gain impedance network pulse-width modulation quasi-Z-source inverter switching loss

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