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Semantics of quantum programming language LanQ

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF quantum INFORMATION 2008年第SUPP01期6卷 733-738页

作者： Mlnarik, Hynek Masaryk Univ Lab Quantum Informat Proc & Cryptog Fac Informat Brno Czech Republic

We show a memory model of an imperative concurrent quantum programming language LanQ. The memory model is used to specify the shape of semantical structure upon which the language operational semantics is defined. We also outline the language abilities in the area of formal verification on an example implementation of teleportation protocol.

关键词： LanQ quantum programming language quantum process algebra semantics

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Semantics of quantum programming language LanQ

Semantics of quantum programming language LanQ

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International Meeting on Noise, Information and Complexity AT quantum Scale

作者： Mlnarik, Hynek Masaryk Univ Lab Quantum Informat Proc & Cryptog Fac Informat Brno Czech Republic

关键词： LanQ quantum programming language quantum process algebra semantics

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quantum programming languages

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中国高等学校学术文摘·计算机科学 2008年第2期2卷 161-166页

作者： Jiafu XU Fanming SONG State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Department of Computer Science and TechnologyNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

After giving a bird's view of some existing quantum programming languages,this paper reports the recent results made by the quantum computation group of the State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology and the Department of Computer Science and Technology at Nanjing University,i.e.,the quantum programming languages NDQJava,NDQFP and their processing systems.

关键词： quantum programming language imperative paradigm declarative paradigm lexical analyzer syntactic analyzer code transformer primitive function combining form interpreter compilation

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Formalization of quantum Intermediate Representations for code safety

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE 2025年 219卷

作者： Luo, Junjie Zhao, Jianjun Kyushu Univ Fukuoka Japan

quantum Intermediate Representation (QIR) is an LLVM-based intermediary representation developed by Microsoft for quantum program compilers. QIR's objective is to serve as a versatile solution for quantum program compilers, irrespective of the programming languages used at the front end and the hardware utilized at the back end. This approach minimizes redundant development efforts involving intermediary representations and compilers. Currently, QIR remains in the development phase and is described informally in natural language, lacking a formal definition. This informal description leads to interpretational ambiguity and a shortage of precision when implementing quantum functions. Our work aims to address this gap by providing formal definitions for QIR's data types and instruction sets. We strive to establish correctness and safety assurances for operations and intermediate code conversions within the QIR framework. To substantiate our design, we present potentially unsafe QIR code instances that our formal approach can detect and rectify. This contribution enhances the reliability and robustness of quantum program development within the QIR context.

关键词： quantum programming language quantum Intermediate Representation Formal syntax and semantics

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Advantages of two quantum programming platforms in quantum computing and quantum chemistry

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Journal of cheminformatics 2025年第1期17卷 77页

作者： Pei-Hua Wang Wei-Yeh Wu Che-Yu Lee Jia-Cheng Hong Yufeng Jane Tseng Undergraduate Program in Intelligent Computing and Big Data Chung Yuan Christian University No. 200 Zhongbei Road Taoyuan 320314 Taiwan. Quantum Information Center Chung Yuan Christian University No. 200 Zhongbei Road Taoyuan 320314 Taiwan. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan. yjtseng@csie.ntu.edu.tw. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan. yjtseng@csie.ntu.edu.tw. Physics Division National Center for Theoretical Sciences No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan. yjtseng@csie.ntu.edu.tw. Center for Quantum Science and Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan. yjtseng@csie.ntu.edu.tw.

quantum computing is at the forefront of technological advancement and has the potential to revolutionize various fields, including quantum chemistry. Choosing an appropriate quantum programming language becomes critical as quantum education and research increase. In this paper, we comprehensively compare two leading quantum programming languages, Qiskit and PennyLane, focusing on their suitability for teaching and research. We delve into their basic and advanced usage, examine their learning curves, and evaluate their capabilities in quantum computing experiments. We also demonstrate using a quantum programming language to build a half adder and a machine learning model. Our study reveals that each language has distinct advantages. While PennyLane excels in research applications due to its flexibility to adjust parameters in detail and access multiple sources of real quantum devices, Qiskit stands out in education because of its web-based graphical user interface and smaller code size. The codes and the dataset used in the studies are available at https://***/wangpeihua1231/quantum-programming-platform .

关键词： PennyLane Qiskit quantum chemistry quantum computing quantum programming language

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quantum software framework： a tentative study

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2013年第3期7卷 341-349页

作者： Nan WU Haixing HU Fangmin SONG Huimin ZHENG Xiangdong LI State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Department of Computer Science The Graduate School The City University of New York New York 10016 USA

In this paper we conduct a tentative study on the requirements and the structure for a quantum computer at the software level. From the software point of view, we describe the methodology used to minimize the decoherence. We con- struct the quantum instruction set for the higher-level computation. We also study the criteria for designing the quantum programming languages.

关键词： quantum software quantum computation quantum programming language

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A Survey on Available Tools and Technologies Enabling quantum Computing

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IEEE ACCESS 2024年 12卷 57974-57991页

作者： Singh, Prateek Dasgupta, Ritangshu Singh, Anushka Pandey, Harsh Hassija, Vikas Chamola, Vinay Sikdar, Biplab KIIT Sch Comp Engn Bhubaneswar 751024 India BITS Pilani Dept Elect & Elect Engn Pilani 333031 India Natl Univ Singapore Dept Elect & Comp Engn Singapore 117576 Singapore

In the contemporary era of scientific and technical innovations, we are witnessing remarkable progress in the realm of quantum computing. Today's phase is referred to as the second quantum revolution, characterized by ongoing research and progress in the hardware, software, and applications of quantum computers. While the theoretical foundations of quantum computing have been in place for decades, the practical tools and technologies that have emerged in recent years have catapulted this field from theory into reality. This paper provides a brief overview of the fundamental principles of quantum computing and explores the various technologies that support them. From quantum programming languages and simulators to quantum hardware platforms and software development kits, these tools have paved the way for groundbreaking research, experimentation, and the exploration of quantum's boundless potential. Furthermore, it addresses the current developments, existing challenges, ongoing improvements, and future prospects in this dynamic field.

关键词： quantum computing quantum revolution quantum algorithm quantum gates quantum programming language quantum simulators error correction

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Proof rules for the correctness of quantum programs

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THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE 2007年第1-2期386卷 151-166页

作者： Feng, Yuan Duan, Runyao Ji, Zhengfeng Ying, Mingsheng Tsinghua Univ State Key Lab Intelligent & Syst Dept Comp Sci & Technol Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

We apply the notion of quantum predicate proposed by D'Hondt and Panangaden to analyze a simple language fragment which may describe the quantum part of a future quantum computer in Knill's architecture. The notion of weakest liberal precondition semantics, introduced by Dijkstra for classical deterministic programs and by McIver and Morgan for probabilistic programs, is generalized to our quantum programs. To help reasoning about the correctness of quantum programs, we extend the proof rules presented by Morgan for classical probabilistic loops to quantum loops. These rules are shown to be complete in the sense that any correct assertion about the quantum loops can be proved using them. Some illustrative examples are also given to demonstrate the practicality of our proof rules. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： quantum programming language quantum predicate quantum loops proof rules

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Model of a hybrid processor executing C plus plus with additional quantum functions

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MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROSYSTEMS 2014年第8期38卷 1000-1011页

作者： Elhoushi, Mostafa El-Kharashi, M. Watheq Elrefaei, Hatem Ain Shams Univ Comp & Syst Engn Dept Cairo 11517 Egypt Ain Shams Univ Engn Phys & Math Dept Cairo 11517 Egypt

The objective of this paper is to model a hybrid quantum processor capable of executing both classical and quantum instructions. The processor is modeled and simulated using VHDL. It consists of a MIPS R2000 processor with a quantum processing module embedded within it. Additionally, an assembler has been developed capable of interpreting assembly programs modeling quantum algorithms or circuits, containing instructions from both the standard MIPS instruction set as well as the quantum Assembly (QASM) instruction set. Furthermore, a quantum C++ library has been developed, with methods and classes to encapsulate the QASM instructions so that a programmer may use it to develop a C++ program implementing a quantum algorithm containing both classical and quantum parts. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： quantum ALU quantum assembly quantum C plus quantum computer quantum processor quantum programming language

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quantum Computation: From a Programmer's Perspective

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NEW GENERATION COMPUTING 2013年第1期31卷 1-26页

作者： Valiron, Benoit Univ Penn Dept Comp & Informat Sci Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

This paper is the second part of a series of two articles on quantum computation. If the first part was mostly concerned with the mathematical formalism, here we turn to the programmer's perspective. We analyze the various existing models of quantum computation and the problem of the stability of quantum information. We discuss the needs and challenges for the design of a scalable quantum programming language. We then present two interesting approaches and examine their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, we take a step back, and review the state of the research on the semantics of quantum computation, and how this can help in achieving some of the goals.

关键词： quantum Computation Models of Computation quantum programming language Semantics

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