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Multilevel Anti-counterfeiting Barcode with Enhanced Information Encryption Based on Stimulus-Responsive Digital Polymers

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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024年第33期16卷 43075-43082页

作者： Huang, Xiaoman Liang, Zhishan Yang, Xiaojie Piao, Minghao Huang, Zhihao Zhang, Zhengbiao Soochow Univ Coll Chem Chem Engn & Mat Sci Suzhou 215123 Peoples R China Soochow Univ Collaborat Innovat Ctr Novel Software Technol & In Sch Comp Sci & Technol Suzhou 215123 Peoples R China Soochow Univ State Key Lab Radiat Med & Protect Suzhou 215123 Peoples R China

In response to the escalating challenges of counterfeiting due to technological and socioeconomic advancements, a novel trilevel anti-counterfeiting quick response (QR) code system has been developed. This system integrates digital polymers with QR code and stimulus-responsive chromophores, i.e., rhodamine B (RB), rhodamine 6G (R6G), and spiropyran (SP), to provide a sophisticated security solution. This advanced barcode remains concealed until specific stimuli reveal it and can be scanned by a smartphone, enabling first and second level anti-counterfeiting. For the third level of security, the encrypted information within the digital polymers can only be deciphered using tandem mass spectrometry. This innovative approach not only enhances security features but also offers reversible visibility and a complex verification process. This trilevel system surpasses traditional single-level anti-counterfeiting methods and holds significant potential for future applications in protecting brand authenticity and managing data storage, contributing new concepts and techniques to the field of high-security anti-counterfeiting materials.

关键词： digitalpolymers tandem mass spectrometry anti-counterfeiting stimulus-responsive chromophore quick response code

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A Raspberry Pi based blockchain application on IoT security

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EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS 2023年第PartA期229卷

作者： Abas, Sherhan Upahm Duran, Fecir Tekerek, Adem Gazi Univ Informat Inst Ankara Turkiye Gazi Univ Technol Fac Comp Engn Dept Ankara Turkiye

Internet of Things (IoT) is a future generation of Internet infrastructure comprised of quick-witted things outfitted with programs and electric eyes or sensors that are engaged in an extent of industries such as media, robotics, government, healthcare, and most notably, education. It is composed of connected devices equipped with software and sensors that are able to communicate with each other and facilitate automated operations. This next generation of Internet infrastructure is set to bring about unprecedented levels of efficiency and convenience. In this day and age, these industries are utilizing quick response (QR) codes for daily transactions due to their straightforwardness and expediency. The utilization of this technology can be beneficial for students, as many people tend to overlook the importance of attendance in daily lives. Nevertheless, attendance is essential for both students and instructors, as it illustrates who is present in the classroom. The goal of this study is to gain or provide a systematized, reliable, and secure data interchange on IoT for education particularly for students. In the realm of computing, arm64 and amd64 are both examples of 64-bit processor architectures;arm64 is smaller and uses less energy, while amd64 is bigger and more powerful. Though they may differ in their designs and implementations, both processors can achieve the same results when used to develop an attendance system with blockchain technology. This study constitutes a straightforward and efficient system application for students that victoriously run proficiently with the constructive help of QR code, raspberry pi, and also the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain which can support to increase the security of the system. This study successfully builds a newly update Fabric 2.4.7 docker images and binaries for the arm64, modifies the HLF transaction and adds a Secure Hash Algorithm or the SHA256 generated by crypto from NodeJS of each transaction key and creates a QR

关键词： Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain Information Security Internet of Things Raspberry Pi quick response code

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Raman spectroscopy: in vivo quick response code of skin physiological status

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JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014年第11期19卷 111603-111603页

作者： Vyumvuhore, Raoul Tfayli, Ali Piot, Olivier Le Guillou, Maud Guichard, Nathalie Manfait, Michel Baillet-Guffroy, Arlette Univ Paris 11 Fac Pharm Grp Analyt Chem Paris Sud GCAPS F-51100 Chatenay Malabry France Univ Reims Fac Pharm MeDIAN Biophoton & Technol Hlth CNRS MEDyC FRE3481 F-51100 Reims France SILAB Dept Res & Dev Brive France

Dermatologists need to combine different clinically relevant characteristics for a better understanding of skin health. These characteristics are usually measured by different techniques, and some of them are highly time consuming. Therefore, a predicting model based on Raman spectroscopy and partial least square (PLS) regression was developed as a rapid multiparametric method. The Raman spectra collected from the five uppermost micrometers of 11 healthy volunteers were fitted to different skin characteristics measured by independent appropriate methods (transepidermal water loss, hydration, pH, relative amount of ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol). For each parameter, the obtained PLS model presented correlation coefficients higher than R-2 = 0.9. This model enables us to obtain all the aforementioned parameters directly from the unique Raman signature. In addition to that, in-depth Raman analyses down to 20 mu m showed different balances between partially bound water and unbound water with depth. In parallel, the increase of depth was followed by an unfolding process of the proteins. The combinations of all these information led to a multiparametric investigation, which better characterizes the skin status. Raman signal can thus be used as a quick response code (QR code). This could help dermatologic diagnosis of physiological variations and presents a possible extension to pathological characterization. (C) 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

关键词： in vivo skin analysis Raman microprobe partial least square quick response code multiparametric analysis

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Wrapping based curvelet transform approach for ECG watermarking in telemedicine application

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BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CONTROL 2022年第0期75卷 103540-103540页

作者： Khaldi, Amine Kafi, Med Redouane Noad, Med Syah Univ Kasdi Merbah Fac Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci Artificial Intelligence & Informat Technol Lab LI Ouargla 30000 Algeria Univ Kasdi Merbah Fac Sci & Technol Dept Elect Elect Engn Lab Ouargla 30000 Algeria

Patient information is currently maintained separately from the physiological signals received in telemedicine. Furthermore, in recent years, the usage of portable devices to obtain such medical information has become more common. This form of storing can lead to several other authentication issues and compromise the accuracy of diagnostics. To address this issue, we propose a watermarking method for embedding patient information in the ECG signal in this study. In our technique, the watermark is a QR code that contains the patient's information as well as the Electrocardiogram signal. The 1D ECG signal is transformed to a 2D signal in the proposed technique. A fast discrete curvelet transform is used to extract the signal's frequency content, and then Schur decomposition is used to the frequency sub-bands obtained. Finally, the watermark bits are integrated by modifying the Eigen values produced. According to imperceptibility experiments, this method produces a watermarked signal that is identical to the originals, keeping the diagnostic content of the signal. Robustness test indicated that the watermark could overcome the most popular watermarking attacks.

关键词： Telemedicine Watermarking Electrocardiogram signals quick response code Schur decomposition Fast discrete curvelet transform

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Multivision Sensor Extrinsic Calibration Method With Non-Overlapping Fields of View Using Encoded 1D Target

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IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2022年第13期22卷 13519-13528页

作者： Ge, Pengxiang Wang, Yonghong Wang, Huanqing Li, Guihua Zhang, Mei Hefei Univ Technol Sch Instrument Sci & Optoelect Engn Hefei 230009 Peoples R China Hefei Univ Technol Anhui Prov Key Lab Measuring Theory & Precis Inst Hefei 230009 Peoples R China Anhui Univ Coll Elect Engn & Automat Hefei 230601 Peoples R China

Multiple vision sensors (multi-VSs) are difficult to calibrate in large fields of view vision measurement owing to the lack of overlapping areas. Thus, this study proposes a novel method for the external parameter calibration of multi-VSs by using an encoded 1D target. The quick response code is used in this study to uniquely identify the feature circle. The Hough transform method and ellipse center solving method are jointly applied to optimize the feature points and further improve the collinearity of the feature points. As the cross-ratio of the collinearity feature points involves a projection invariance, the rotation and translation vectors between the multi-VSs are solved by the inverse process of projection and rigid transformation. The accuracy and advantages of the proposed method are verified by simulation and real experiments. The proposed target has a simple structure, the operation is convenient and flexible, and the method can be applied to the global calibration of multi-VSs with non-overlapping fields of view.

关键词： Calibration Cameras Sensors Measurement by laser beam Image edge detection Feature extraction Vision sensors Multiple vision sensor 1D target calibration cross ratio quick response code

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Secured Secret Sharing of QR codes Based on Nonnegative Matrix Factorization and Regularized Super Resolution Convolutional Neural Network

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SENSORS 2022年第8期22卷 2959页

作者： Velumani, Ramesh Sudalaimuthu, Hariharasitaraman Choudhary, Gaurav Bama, Srinivasan Jose, Maranthiran Victor Dragoni, Nicola Inst Elect & Elect Engineers IEEE Aruppukottai 626101 India VIT Bhopal Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn SCSE Bhopal 466114 India Tech Univ Denmark DTU DTU Compute DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark Kalasalingam Acad Res & Educ Krishnankovil Srivilliputtur 626128 India Noorul Islam Ctr Higher Educ Kumaracoil Thucklay 673012 Kanyakumari India

Advances in information technology have harnessed the application of quick response (QR) codes in day-to-day activities, simplifying information exchange. QR codes are witnessed almost everywhere, on consumables, newspapers, information bulletins, etc. The simplicity of QR code creation and ease of scanning with free software have tremendously influenced their wide usage, and since QR codes place information on an object they are a tool for the IoT. Many healthcare IoT applications are deployed with QR codes for data-labeling and quick transfer of clinical data for rapid diagnosis. However, these codes can be duplicated and tampered with easily, attributed to open- source QR code generators and scanners. This paper presents a novel (n,n) secret-sharing scheme based on Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) for secured transfer of QR codes as multiple shares and their reconstruction with a regularized Super Resolution Convolutional Neural Network (SRCNN). This scheme is an alternative to the existing polynomial and visual cryptography-based schemes, exploiting NMF in part-based data representation and structural regularized SRCNN to capture the structural elements of the QR code in the super-resolved image. The experimental results and theoretical analyses show that the proposed method is a potential solution for secured exchange of QR codes with different error correction levels. The security of the proposed approach is evaluated with the difficulty in launching security attacks to recover and decode the secret QR code. The experimental results show that an adversary must try 2(58) additional combinations of shares and perform 3 x 2(88) additional computations, compared to a representative approach, to compromise the proposed system.

关键词： secret sharing quick response code Nonnegative Matrix Factorization super resolution convolutional neural network structural regularization basis matrix coefficient matrix

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Population and contact tracer uptake of New Zealand's QR-code-based digital contact tracing app for COVID-19

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EPIDEMIOLOGY & INFECTION 2024年 152卷 e66-e66页

作者： Chambers, Tim Anglemyer, Andrew Chen, Andrew Atkinson, June Baker, Michael G. Univ Otago Dept Publ Hlth Wellington New Zealand Univ Otago Dept Prevent & Social Med Dunedin New Zealand Univ Auckland Koi Tu Ctr Informed Futures Auckland New Zealand

This study aimed to understand the population and contact tracer uptake of the quick response (QR)-code-based function of the New Zealand COVID Tracer App (NZCTA) used for digital contact tracing (DCT). We used a retrospective cohort of all COVID-19 cases between August 2020 and February 2022. Cases of Asian and other ethnicities were 2.6 times (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 2.58, 99 per cent confidence interval (95% CI) 2.18, 3.05) and 1.8 times (aRR 1.81, 95% CI 1.58, 2.06) more likely than M & amacr;ori cases to generate a token during the Delta period, and this persisted during the Omicron period. Contact tracing organization also influenced location token generation with cases handled by National Case Investigation Service (NCIS) staff being 2.03 (95% CI 1.79, 2.30) times more likely to generate a token than cases managed by clinical staff at local Public Health Units (PHUs). Public uptake and participation in the location-based system independent of contact tracer uptake were estimated at 45%. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the QR code system was estimated to be close to nil for detecting close contacts but close to 100% for detecting casual contacts. Our paper shows that the QR-code-based function of the NZCTA likely made a negligible impact on the COVID-19 response in New Zealand (NZ) in relation to isolating potential close contacts of cases but likely was effective at identifying and notifying casual contacts.

关键词： COVID-19 digital contact tracing quick response code Exposure Notification Framework health equity

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Use of QR codes for Promoting a Home-Based Therapeutic Exercise in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation and Lumbar Spinal Stenosis A Prospective Randomized Study :

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JOURNAL OF PAIN RESEARCH 2022年第0期15卷 4065-4073页

作者： Chang, Min Cheol Park, Donghwi Choo, Yoo Jin Yeungnam Univ Hosp Dept Rehabil Med Daegu South Korea Univ Ulsan Ulsan Univ Hosp Dept Phys Med & Rehabil Coll Med Ulsan South Korea Daegu Gyeongbuk Med Innovat Fdn Med Device Dev Ctr Med Interdisciplinary Team 80 Cheombok Ro Daegu 41061 South Korea

Purpose: In the current study, we investigated the usefulness of the quick response (QR) code linked to the source of a video of home-based therapeutic exercise to promote home-based therapeutic exercise in patients with LDH and LSS. Patients and Methods: Forty patients with LDH and LSS were included in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: QR codes or control groups (20 patients per group). The QR code group received QR code stickers linked with a video that includes a demonstration on how to exercise for the back muscles. We instructed the patients to perform home-based therapeutic exercises three or more days a week. Patients in the control group were asked to perform the therapeutic exercise without providing a QR code to them. The primary outcome was the number of exercises per week. The scores of the numeric rating scale (NRS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were investigated as secondary outcomes. Results: The patients in the QR code group exercised for the lower back muscles on average about two times a week, and 40% of the patients in the QR code group performed the exercise three or more days a week. However, almost no patients in the control group performed therapeutic exercises. Patients in the QR code group showed significantly lower ODI scores at the 1-month and 2-month follow-ups compared with the control group. In addition, the patients who exercised >= 3 times per week showed more improvement in the disability than those who exercised < 3 times per week. The NRS scores for lower back pain and radicular leg pain were not significantly different between the QR code and control groups. Conclusion: We found that QR codes can be useful for encouraging patients with LDH or LSS to perform home-based therapeutic exercises. Keywords: lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis, quick response code, exercise, pain, disability

关键词： lumbar disc herniation lumbar spinal stenosis quick response code exercise pain disability

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ASSIST: a reablement program for older adults in Sweden - a feasibility study

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BMC GERIATRICS 2022年第1期22卷 618-618页

作者： Assander, Susanne Bergstrom, Aileen Eriksson, Christina Meijer, Sebastiaan Guidetti, Susanne Karolinska Inst Div Occupat Therapy Dept Neurobiol Caring Sci & Soc Stockholm Sweden Acad Primary Hlth Care Ctr Stockholm Sweden Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan Dept Biomed Engn & Hlth Syst Stockholm Sweden Karolinska Univ Hosp Med Unit Occupat Therapy & Physiotherapy Theme Womens Hlth & Allied Hlth Profess Stockholm Sweden

Background Western countries emphasise the provision of assistive home care by implementing reablement services. Reablement services are offered to a limited degree in Sweden, and systematic research regarding outcomes and how reablement can be tailored to maximize benefits for older adults has been lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a novel reablement program (ASSIST 1.0) regarding study design and outcome measures, as well as fidelity, adherence, and acceptability of the program in a Swedish context. Method A non-randomised, quasi-experimental, mixed-method, pre/post-test design was applied with an intervention group receiving ASSIST 1.0 (n = 7) and a control group receiving regular home care (n = 10). ASSIST 1.0 was developed to empower older adults to increase their perceived performance and satisfaction of performing activities in everyday life as well as increase their perceived health, self-efficacy, and well-being. ASSIST 1.0 was founded on the concept of reablement and included three components: i) goal setting with The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), ii) provided support to home care staff to enhance their provision of reablement, and iii) explored the incorporation and use of an information- and communication technology (ICT) to facilitate information transfer. Results Using COPM for goal setting with older adults and providing support to the staff via workshops were valuable components in the delivery of ASSIST 1.0. The ICT product encountered several challenges and could not be evaluated. COPM and EQ-5D were deemed the most important instruments. Organisational and political barriers affected the feasibility. Although, the fidelity and adherence were complied the staff perceived the program to be acceptable. Conclusion The ASSIST 1.0 program was feasible in regard of study design, delivering the intervention, and evaluating instruments that detected a change. A logical progression would be to conduct a full-scale

关键词： ADL Aging in place Home rehabilitation Home care services Information- and communication technology Occupational therapy Person-centred care quick response code Restorative care

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Suitability for elderly with heart disease of a QR code-based feedback of drug intake: Overcoming limitations of current medication adherence telemonitoring systems.

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY 2021年 327卷 209-216页

作者： Capranzano, Piera Francaviglia, Bruno Sardone, Andrea Agnello, Federica Valenti, Noemi Frazzetto, Marco Legnazzi, Marco Occhipinti, Giovanni Scalia, Lorenzo Calvi, Valeria Capodanno, Davide Tamburino, Corrado Univ Catania Policlin Hosp Div Cardiol Catania Italy

Background: Current medication adherence telemonitoring systems have several limitations prompting the need for simpler, low-cost and widely applicable tools. To meet these needs, we propose a novel method consisting in sending a digital feedback of medication intake by just reading a pre-defined quick response (QR) code attached on the pills box. Methods: To assess the potential clinical applicability of the proposed QR code-based task, its feasibility was tested among elderly with heart diseases. The primary endpoint was the learning success defined as a correct execution of all QR code-based digital task steps within 10 min. Study outcomes were compared between patients 65-75 years old (younger cohort) and those aged >75 years (older cohort) admitted to the Cardiology ward of a tertiary center. Results: A total of 262 patients were included: 128 (48.9%) were younger and 134 (51.1%) older. Despite a baseline low smartphone use in the overall population (41.2%), patients learning success of the digital task was as high as 75.6%, with lower rates among older vs. younger (67.9% vs. 83.6%, p = 0.005). After adjustment no significant independent association between age and success in learning the QR code-based task was found. Differently, increasing age was a negative independent predictor of smartphone use. The learning time was overall small, but longer in the older group (126 +/- 100 vs. 100 +/- 60 s, p = 0.03). Conclusions: The QR code-based digital task was highly feasible for elderly with heart diseases suggesting its potential large-scale clinical application and encouraging the investigation of QR code-based systems for medication adherence telemonitoring. (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mobile health Medication adherence Telemonitoring quick response code Elderly

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