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Data Compression Conference (DCC)

作者： Sainio, Joose Mercat, Alexandre Vanne, Jarno Tampere Univ Ultra Video Grp Tampere Finland

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λ-Domain rate Control Algorithm for HEVC Scalable Extension

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IEEE TrANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA 2016年第10期18卷 2023-2039页

作者： Li, Li Li, Bin Liu, Dong Li, Houqiang Univ Sci & Technol China CAS Key Lab Technol Geospatial Informat Proc & Ap Hefei 230027 Peoples R China Microsoft Res Asia Beijing 100080 Peoples R China

In this paper, we propose a lambda-domain rate control algorithm for high efficiency video coding (HEVC) scalable extension. All the commonly used scalabilities including temporal, spatial, and quality scalability are taken into consideration. The proposed algorithm mainly has three key contributions. First, we propose an optimal initial target bits and initial encoding parameters determination algorithm for the first frame of each layer to achieve the best rate-distortion (r-D) performance. Second, an optimal bit allocation algorithm taking both the intra and inter layer dependence into consideration is proposed for the inter frames under spatial and quality scalability cases. Third, since the coding scheme of HEVC scalable extension with multiple layers is even more flexible than HEVC, an adaptive updating algorithm for r-lambda model is proposed to control the bits per frame even more precisely. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed lambda-domain rate control algorithm can bring both more precise bitrate accuracy and better r-D performance compared with the previous rate control algorithms for HEVC scalable extension.

关键词： High efficiency video coding (HEVC) rate control r-lambda model r-Q model scalable HEVC (SHVC) scalable video coding (SVC)

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λ-Domain Optimal Bit Allocation Algorithm for High Efficiency Video Coding

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IEEE TrANSACTIONS ON CIrCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOr VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2018年第1期28卷 130-142页

作者： Li, Li Li, Bin Li, Houqiang Chen, Chang Wen Univ Sci & Technol China Chinese Acad Sci Key Lab Technol Geospatial Informat Proc & Applic Hefei 230027 Anhui Peoples R China Microsoft Asia Beijing 100080 Peoples R China SUNY Buffalo Buffalo NY 14260 USA

rate control typically involves two steps: bit allocation and bitrate control. The bit allocation step can be implemented in various fashions depending on how many levels of allocation are desired and whether or not an optimal rate-distortion (r-D) performance is pursued. The bitrate control step has a simple aim in achieving the target bitrate as precisely as possible. In our recent research, we have developed a lambda-domain rate control algorithm that is capable of controlling the bitrate precisely for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). The initial research showed that the bitrate control in the lambda-domain can be more precise than the conventional schemes. However, the simple bit allocation scheme adopted in this initial research is unable to achieve an optimal r-D performance reflecting the inherent r-D characteristics governed by the video content. In order to achieve an optimal r-D performance, the bit allocation algorithms need to be developed taking into account the video content of a given sequence. The key issue in deriving the video-content-guided optimal bit allocation algorithm is to build a suitable r-D model to characterize the r-D behavior of the video content. In this paper, to complement the r-lambda model developed in our initial work, a D-lambda model is properly constructed to complete a comprehensive framework of lambda-domain r-D analysis. Based on this comprehensive lambda-domain r-D analysis framework, a suite of optimal bit allocation algorithms are developed. In particular, we design both picture-level and basic-unit-level bit allocation algorithms based on the fundamental r-D optimization theory to take full advantage of the content-guided principles. The proposed algorithms are implemented in HEVC reference software, and the experimental results demonstrate that they can achieve an obvious r-D performance improvement with a smaller bitrate control error. The proposed bit allocation algorithms have already been adopted by the Joint C

关键词： Bit allocation D-lambda model High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) r-lambda model rate control rate-distortion (r-D) analysis

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A perceptual rate control algorithm based on luminance adaptation for HEVC encoders

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SIGNAL IMAGE AND VIDEO PrOCESSING 2020年第5期14卷 887-895页

作者： Lim, Woong Sim, Donggyu Kwangwoon Univ Dept Comp Engn 20 Gwangun Ro Seoul South Korea

This paper proposes a rate control algorithm by selecting a proper quantization parameter (QP) based on perceptual luminance adaptation in a single-loop encoding fashion. In this paper, the proposed algorithm uses the visual characteristics of humans to adaptively decide the number of bits available for a pixel. Then, a base QP is selected based on the proposed r-lambda model. The proposed rate control determines the range of QP based on the base QP and calculates the maximum and minimum bpps within that range. The optimal bpp is obtained from the bpp range by considering the visual characteristics of the human being, and the QP value is determined by the optical bpp through the proposed r-lambda model. In the proposed rate control algorithm, the QP value is selected based on the r-lambda model by considering the perceptual luminance adaptation model at the CTU level. The number of target bits is decided to decide the QP, subject to visual sensitivity based on JND thresholds. With the use of the proposed rate control algorithm, bits for non-noticeable regions can be saved, and the remaining bits can be consumed for perceptually noticeable regions to enhance the overall subjective quality with the similar amount of total bits. The proposed method shows lower average variances of bits and PSNr fluctuations. Also, the proposed method achieves an approximately 0.19 higher MOS value on average under DSCQS test, compared with the conventional r-lambda model-based rate control algorithm.

关键词： HEVC Perceptual coding rate control algorithm r-lambda model JND luminance adaptation

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Complexity-based intra frame rate control by jointing inter-frame correlation for high efficiency video coding

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JOUrNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE rEPrESENTATION 2017年 42卷 46-64页

作者： Zhou, Mingliang Zhang, Yongfei Li, Bo Hu, Hai-Miao Beihang Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Beijing Key Lab Digital Media Beijing 100191 Peoples R China Beihang Univ State Key Lab Virtual Real Technol & Syst Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

rate control is of great significance for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). Due to the high efficiency and low complexity, the r-lambda model has been applied to the HEVC as the default rate control algorithm. However, the video content complexity, which can help improve the code efficiency and rate control performance, is not fully considered in the r-lambda model. To address this problem, an intra-frame rate control algorithm, which aims to provide improved and smooth video quality, is developed in this paper by jointly taking into consideration the frame-level content complexity between the encoded intra frames and the encoded inter frame, as well as the CTU-level complexity among different CTUs in texture-different regions for intra-frame. Firstly, in order to improve the rate control efficiency, this paper introduces a new prediction measure of content complexity for CTUs of intra-frame by jointly considering the inter-frame correlations between encoding intra frame and previous encoded inter frames as well as correlations between encoding intra frame and previous encoded intra frame. Secondly, a frame-level complexity-based bit-allocation-balancing method, by jointly considering the inter-frame correlation between intra frame and previous encoded inter frame, is brought up so that the smoothness of the visual quality can be improved between adjacent inter- and intra-frames. Thirdly, a new region-division and complexity-based CTU-level bit allocation method is developed to improve the objective quality and to reduce PSNr fluctuation among CTUs in intra-frame. In the end, related model parameters are updated during the encoding process to increase rate control accuracy. As a result, as can be seen from the extensive experimental results that compared with the state-of-the-art schemes, the video quality can be significantly improved. More specifically, up to 10.5% and on average 5.2% BD-rate reduction was achieved compared to HM16.0 and up to 2.7% and an a

关键词： HEVC Complexity Intra-frame r-lambda model region-based Quality smoothness

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region-based rate control for 3D-HEVC based texture video coding

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JOUrNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE rEPrESENTATION 2018年 54卷 108-122页

作者： Wang, Che-Chien Tang, Chih-Wei Natl Cent Univ Dept Commun Engn Jhongli 32001 Taiwan

Bit starvation resulted from inefficient rate control of 3D video coding deteriorates visual quality of synthesized views. Most region based rate control schemes allocate higher bitrate to regions of interest (rOIs), but bits may be still consumed by early coded units. This paper avoids reducing coding bits in high-cost regions of 3D-HEVC. Instead of rOIs that are determined by humans, high-cost regions sensitive to bit starvation are detected. region level bit allocation is achieved by curve fitting of coding statistics, and recursive Taylor expansion (rTE) based bit allocation is adopted to optimally estimates the target bitrate and the QP related lambda of LCUs in each region. Based on retained earnings in economics, bits are reserved for LCUs that are sensitive to distortions. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms both the r-lambda model and rTE model in bitrate accuracy with similar r-D performance.

关键词： 3D-HEVC rate control Bit allocation Bit starvation retained bit earnings r-lambda model

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A Convolutional Neural Network-Based Approach to rate Control in HEVC Intra Coding

A Convolutional Neural Network-Based Approach to Rate Contro...

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IEEE Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)

作者： Li, Ye Li, Bin Liu, Dong Chen, Zhibo Univ Sci & Techonol China CAS Key Lab Technol Geospatial Informat Proc & Ap Hefei 230027 Anhui Peoples R China Microsoft Res Asia Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538604625

rate control is an essential element for the practical use of video coding standards. A rate control scheme typically builds a model that characterizes the relationship between rate (r) and a coding parameter, e.g. quantization parameter or Lagrange multiplier (lambda). In such a scheme, the rate control performance depends highly on the modeling accuracy. For inter frames, the model parameters can be precisely updated to fit the video content, based on the information of previously coded frames. However, for intra frames, especially the first frame of a video sequence, there is no prior information to rely on. Therefore, intra frame rate control has remained a challenge. In this paper, we adopt the r-lambda model to characterize each coding tree unit (CTU) in an intra frame, and we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) based approach to effectively predict the model parameters for every CTU. Then we develop a new CTU level bit allocation and bitrate control algorithm based on the r-lambda model for HEVC intra coding. The experimental results show that our proposed CNN-based approach outperforms the currently used rate control algorithm in HEVC reference software, leading to on average 0.46 percent decrease of rate control error and 0.7 percent BD-rate reduction.

关键词： H.265/HEVC Intra coding rate control Convolutional neural network (CNN) r-lambda model

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rATE CONTrOL FOr HEVC INTrA-CODING BASED ON PIECEWISE LINEAr APPrOXIMATIONS

RATE CONTROL FOR HEVC INTRA-CODING BASED ON PIECEWISE LINEAR...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Sanchez, Victor Univ Warwick Dept Comp Sci Coventry W Midlands England

ISBN: (纸本)9781538646588

This paper proposes a rate control (rC) algorithm for intra-coded sequences (I-frames) within the context of block-based predictive transform coding (PTC) that employs piecewise linear approximations of the rate-distortion (rD) curve of each frame. Specifically, it employs information about the rate (r) and distortion (D) of already compressed blocks within the current frame to linearly approximate the slope of the corresponding rD curve. The proposed algorithm is implemented in the High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard and compared with the current HEVC rC algorithm, which is based on a trained rate-lambda (r-lambda) model. Evaluations on a variety of intra-coded sequences show that the proposed rC algorithm not only attains the overall target bit rate more accurately than the current rC algorithm but is also capable of encoding each I-frame at a more constant bit rate according to the overall bit budget, thus avoiding high bit rate fluctuations across the sequence.

关键词： HEVC rate control intra-coding r-lambda model

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rate Control in HEVC: A Survey 5th

Rate Control in HEVC: A Survey

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5th International Conference on Signal and Information Processing, Networking and Computers (ICSINC)

作者： Zou, Jiaqi Li, Bingyi Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Natl Engn Lab Mobile Network Secur Beijing Peoples R China BUPT Minist Educ Key Lab Trustworthy Distributed Comp & Serv Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Informat & Commun Engn Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811371233;9789811371226

rate control is an important tool in video coding. So far, r-lambda based rate control algorithm for rate control is widely used in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). In this paper, we present a survey on the algorithm of r-lambda based rate control process, including bit allocation and rate control coding by parameters calculation. Firstly, we provide bit allocation method at three levels: group of pictures (GOP), frame, and basic unit level. Secondly, the methodologies of coding parameters calculation are presented. Then, we summarize the recent research achievements and future directions and finally open problems are discussed.

关键词： rate control HEVC r-lambda model

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λ Domain based Optimal Bit Allocation for Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding

λ Domain based Optimal Bit Allocation for Scalable High Eff...

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： Li, Li Li, Houqiang Univ Sci & Technol China CAS Key Lab Technol Geospatial Informat Proc & Ap Hefei 230026 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479983919

Bit allocation is necessary for Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding (SHVC) rate control to provide optimal rate-Distortion (r-D) performance under the bandwidth constraint. Since lambda is the key factor to determine the bitrate and corresponding distortion, we seek to design a lambda-domain optimal bit allocation algorithm for SHVC by taking the combined interlayer and intra-layer dependency into consideration in this paper. We find out that the lambda ratio between different pictures in the enhancement layer should be proportional to the influence of the current picture to the other enhancement layer pictures. While for the pictures in the base layer, the lambda ratio should be proportional to the influence of the current picture to both the base layer and enhancement layer pictures. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed bit allocation algorithm can bring obvious performance improvement.

关键词： SHVC rate control bit allocation r-lambda model D-lambda model

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