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A unified view of adaptive algorithms for finite impulse response filters using the H_∞ framework

SIGNAL PROCESSING 2014年 97卷 55-63页

作者： Nishiyama, Kiyoshi Iwate Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Morioka Iwate 020 Japan

The normalized least mean squares (NLMS) and recursive least squares (rls) algorithms are widely used for adaptive filtering. Interestingly, the NLMS algorithm has been shown to be strictly optimal in the sense of H-infinity filtering, whereas the forgetting factor rls algorithm has not been clearly related to a solution to the H-infinity filtering problem. This paper describes a method for further optimizing the solutions to the ordinary H-infinity filtering problem over an assumed system model set and a predetermined norm weight set. The extended H-infinity filtering problem offers a framework for constructing a unified view of adaptive algorithms for finite impulse response (FIR) filters. The framework enables a discussion of the relationships among the NLMS algorithm, the forgetting factor rls algorithm, and the H-infinity filter over the common parameter space, and facilitates the development of new fast adaptive algorithms that outperform the existing algorithms, such as the NLMS and the fast rls algorithms. The validity of the discussion based on the H-infinity framework is verified using numerical examples. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adaptive filter H-infinity filter rls algorithm NLMS algorithm System identification

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Adaptive MIMO decision feedback equalization for receivers with time-varying channels

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2005年第11期53卷 4295-4303页

作者： Choi, J Yu, HJ Lee, YH Samsung Elect Media Lab 1 Telecommun Network Business Suwon 442600 South Korea Elect & Telecommun Res Inst Next Generat Wireless LAN Res Team Taejon 305350 South Korea Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Taejon 305701 South Korea

In an attempt to reduce the computational complexity of vertical Bell Labs layered space time (V-BLAST) processing with time-varying channels, an efficient adaptive receiver is developed based on the generalized decision feedback equalizer (GDFE) architecture. The proposed receiver updates the filter weight vectors and detection order using a recursive least squares (rls)-based time- and order-update algorithm. The convergence of the algorithm is examined by analysis and simulation, and it is shown that the proposed adaptive technique is considerably simpler to implement than a V-BLAST processor with channel tracking, yet the performances are almost comparable.

关键词： GDFE MIMO-DFE rls algorithm V-BLAST

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A numerically stable fast Newton-type adaptive filter based on order recursive least squares algorithm

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2003年第9期51卷 2357-2368页

作者： Wang, YH Ikeda, K Nakayama, K Kanazawa R&D Lab Co Ltd Panason Mobile Commun Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200024 Japan Kyoto Univ Grad Sch Informat Dept Syst Sci Kyoto 6068501 Japan Kanazawa Univ Dept Informat & Syst Engn Kanazawa Ishikawa 9208667 Japan

This paper presents a numerically stable fast Newton-type adaptive filter algorithm. Two problems are dealt with in the paper. First, we derive the proposed algorithm from an order-recursive least squares algorithm. The result of the proposed algorithm is equivalent to that of the fast Newton transversal filter (FNTF) algorithm. However, the derivation process is different. Instead of extending a covariance matrix of the input based on the min-max and the max-min criteria, the derivation shown in this paper is to solve an optimum extension problem of the gain vector based on the information of the Mth-order forward or backward predictor. The derivation provides an intuitive explanation of the FNTF algorithm, which may be easier to understand. Second, we present stability analysis of the proposed algorithm using a linear time-variant state-space method. We show that the proposed algorithm has a well-analyzable stability structure, which is indicated by a transition matrix. The eigenvalues of the ensemble average of the transition matrix are proved all to be asymptotically less than unity. This results in a much-improved numerical performance of the proposed algorithm compared with the combination of the stabilized fast recursive least squares (SFrls) and the FNTF algorithms. Computer simulations implemented by using a finite-precision arithmetic have confirmed the validity of our analysis.

关键词： adaptive filter FNTF algorithm Frls algorithm LSL algorithm numerical stability rls algorithm stabilized Frls algorithm

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Fast robust quasi-Newton algorithm for adaptive arrays

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-COMMUNICATIONS 1999年第4期146卷 231-239页

作者： Klemes, M Nortel Networks Dept R412 Microwave Radio Syst Dev Ottawa ON K1Y 4H7 Canada

A stable, fast (order-of-N) quasi-Newton (QN) algorithm (FRQN) applicable to arbitrary at-ray signals is presented. Its complexity is only twice that of the normalised least mean squares (NLMS) algorithm, yet its convergence is faster and smoother, proceeding along the optimal QN path as that of the order N-2 recursive least squares (rls) algorithm, albeit more slowly. The development of its recursive update equation is outlined and compared to those of the NLMS and rls algorithms, as well as variations of the conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm. Analytic expressions for its excess mean squared error in stationary and non-stationary scenarios are presented and compared with those of the LMS algorithm. Simulations of an adaptive array in a mobile wireless base-station show that the FRQN performance falls between that of the NLMS and rls algorithms for a wide range of signal scenarios.

关键词： mean square error methods stable quasi-Newton algorithm normalised least mean squares adaptive signal processing computational complexity Antenna arrays radiofrequency interference mean squared error mobile wireless base-station array signals Signal processing and detection convergence recursive least squares algorithm recursive update equation Mobile radio systems nonstationary signals Electromagnetic compatibility and interference Newton method numerical stability complexity conjugate gradient algorithm NLMS algorithm interference cancellation land mobile radio Interpolation and function approximation (numerical analysis) adaptive antenna arrays digital adaptive array algorithm stationary signals fast robust quasi-Newton algorithm rls algorithm interference suppression

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Adaptive joint beamforming and B-MMSE detection under multipath interference

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IEE PROCEEDINGS-COMMUNICATIONS 2004年第6期151卷 605-612页

作者： Chen, HH Lee, JS Institute of Communications Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University Taiwan Republic of China

The combination of antenna array beamforming with multiuser detection can effectively improve the detection efficiency for wireless communications under multipath interference, especially for the applications in a fast fading channel. The authors study the performance of an adaptive beamformer incorporated with a B-MMSE detector, which works on a unique signal frame characterised by training sequence preamble and data blocks segmented by zero-bits. Both the beamformer weight updating and B-MMSE detection are carried out by either LMS or rls algorithms. The comparison of the two adaptive algorithms applied to both the beamformer and the B-MMSE detector is made in terms of convergence behaviour and estimation mean-square error. The final performance in error probability is also given. Various multipath patterns are considered to test the rapidity of the receiver's response to changing multipath interference. The performance of the adaptive B-MMSE detector is also compared with that of the non-adaptive version, i.e. through matrix inversion. The results obtained suggest that the adaptive beamformer should use an rls algorithm for its fast and robust convergence property;whereas the B-MMSE filter can choose either LMS or rls algorithms depending on the antenna array size, multipath severity and complexity.

关键词： wireless communication adaptive filters least mean squares methods Signal detection array signal processing adaptive signal processing receiver response Antenna arrays radiofrequency interference antenna array beamforming adaptive beamformer data block segmentation fading channel convergence B-MMSE detector LMS algorithm training sequence signal frame Electromagnetic compatibility and interference Linear algebra (numerical analysis) beamformer weight updating Filtering methods in signal processing radio receivers Interpolation and function approximation (numerical analysis) adaptive antenna arrays error probability mean-square error estimation multipath interference matrix inversion multipath pattern error statistics MMSE filter Other topics in statistics fading channels adaptive joint beamforming adaptive signal detection rls algorithm multipath channels multiuser detection efficiency Radio links and equipment multiuser detection

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Adaptive CDMA receiver for downlink multiuser interference suppression

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ELECTRONICS LETTERS 2003年第6期39卷 552-553页

作者： Ueng, FB Jeng, LD Natl Chung Hsing Univ Dept Elect Engn Taichung 40227 Taiwan

In code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile communication systems with time-varying multipath channels, both intersymbol interference (ISI) and multiple-access interference (MAI) must be considered. The zero-forcing (ZF) and the minimum mean-square-error block linear equalisers (MMSE-BLE) have been proposed to solve such problem under the condition that the channel impulse response has been perfectly estimated. Presented is all MAI/ISI suppression receiver based on recursive least squares criterion. The proposed MAI/ISI suppression receiver is adaptive so that channel impulse response estimation is not necessary. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed receiver is better than that of the existing MMSE-BLE and ZF-BLE.

关键词： MAI/ISI suppression receiver rls algorithm radio receivers MAI code division multiple access multipath channels channel impulse response CDMA mobile communication systems ISI recursive least squares criterion BER performance downlink CDMA signal model time-varying channels interference suppression error statistics adaptive CDMA receiver least squares approximations intersymbol interference adaptive filters radiofrequency interference multiple-access interference adaptive signal processing time-varying multipath channels downlink multiuser interference suppression mobile radio transient response

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A computationally reduced version of the fast H_∞ filter

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AUTOMATICA 2018年 92卷 249-253页

作者： Nishiyama, Kiyoshi Iwate Univ Fac Sci & Engn Dept Syst Innovat Engn 4-3-5 Ueda Morioka Iwate Japan

The fast H-infinity filter is designed to overcome the performance limitations of the fast Kalman filter and the fast transversal filter used for system identification;however, its computational complexity exceeds O(7N), the complexity of the original fast transversal filter. In this work, a computationally reduced version of the fast H-infinity filter is derived as an a posteriori error formulation of the fast H-infinity filter using a conversion factor. The conversion factor-based fast H-infinity filter provides the same performance as the fast H-infinity filter at the expense of a computational cost comparable to that of the fast transversal filter. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： H-infinity filter Fast algorithms Adaptive filters rls algorithm Forgetting factor

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Base solder voids identification of IGBT modules using case temperature

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MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY 2020年 115卷 113968-113968页

作者： Fan, Yuhui Cui, Haoyang Lou, Zhibin Teng, Jiajie Tang, Zhong Peng, Jianzhong Shanghai Univ Elect Power Coll Elect & Informat Engn Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Acad Sci Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Elect Power Coll Elect Engn Shanghai Peoples R China Jiangsu Linyang Elect Co Ltd Qidong Jiangsu Peoples R China

Solder voids has an important impact on healthy operation of insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules, but voids damage is difficult to be estimated accurately by conventional methods due to the lack of calculation in mutual thermal effect between chips. So this paper proposes a base solder voids identification method by using case temperature, takes into account both self-thermal diffusion and coupling inside module, and adopts case temperature distribution on bottom of baseplate to assess voids damage indirectly. Firstly, finite element method (FEM) of IGBT module with base solder voids was established to study junction and case temperature response with different voids distribution, the practicability of base solder voids identification based on case temperature is verified. Then the influence mechanism of voids on case temperature was discussed theoretically, voids identification is extended to dynamic load conditions, temperature-to-thermal resistance conversion and dy-namic thermal resistance reference calibration with different power loss ratio were realized by improved thermal network, recursive least square (rls) algorithm was designed for dynamic identification of real-time identifiable thermal resistance, the difference between rls results and thermal resistance reference was compared to confirm the severity of base solder voids, two or more groups of comparison results with different power conditions are used to complete the voids analysis. Finally, validity of proposed method is demonstrated by simulation. Compared with conventional method, it shows better ability in dynamic identification.

关键词： IGBT module Base solder voids identification Case temperature Thermal network rls algorithm

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Distributed Recursive Least-Squares: Stability and Performance Analysis

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2012年第7期60卷 3740-3754页

作者： Mateos, Gonzalo Giannakis, Georgios B. Univ Minnesota Dept Elect & Comp Engn Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

The recursive least-squares (rls) algorithm has well-documented merits for reducing complexity and storage requirements, when it comes to online estimation of stationary signals as well as for tracking slowly-varying nonstationary processes. In this paper, a distributed recursive least-squares (D-rls) algorithm is developed for cooperative estimation using ad hoc wireless sensor networks. Distributed iterations are obtained by minimizing a separable reformulation of the exponentially-weighted least-squares cost, using the alternating-minimization algorithm. Sensors carry out reduced-complexity tasks locally, and exchange messages with one-hop neighbors to consent on the network-wide estimates adaptively. A steady-state mean-square error (MSE) performance analysis of D-rls is conducted, by studying a stochastically-driven 'averaged' system that approximates the D-rls dynamics asymptotically in time. For sensor observations that are linearly related to the time-invariant parameter vector sought, the simplifying independence setting assumptions facilitate deriving accurate closed-form expressions for the MSE steady-state values. The problems of mean-and MSE-sense stability of D-rls are also investigated, and easily-checkable sufficient conditions are derived under which a steady-state is attained. Without resorting to diminishing step-sizes which compromise the tracking ability of D-rls, stability ensures that per sensor estimates hover inside a ball of finite radius centered at the true parameter vector, with high-probability, even when inter-sensor communication links are noisy. Interestingly, computer simulations demonstrate that the theoretical findings are accurate also in the pragmatic settings whereby sensors acquire temporally-correlated data.

关键词： Distributed estimation performance analysis rls algorithm wireless sensor networks (WSNs)

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Distributed Recursive Least-Squares for Consensus-Based In-Network Adaptive Estimation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING 2009年第11期57卷 4583-4588页

作者： Mateos, Gonzalo Schizas, Ioannis D. Giannakis, Georgios B. Univ Minnesota Dept Elect & Comp Engn Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

Recursive least-squares (rls) schemes are of paramount importance for reducing complexity and memory requirements in estimating stationary signals as well as for tracking nonstationary processes, especially when the state and/or data model are not available and fast convergence rates are at a premium. To this end, a fully distributed (D-) rls algorithm is developed for use by wireless sensor networks (WSNs) whereby sensors exchange messages with one-hop neighbors to consent on the network-wide estimates adaptively. The WSNs considered here do not necessarily possess a Hamiltonian cycle, while the inter-sensor links are challenged by communication noise. The novel algorithm is obtained after judiciously reformulating the exponentially-weighted least-squares cost into a separable form, which is then optimized via the alternating-direction method of multipliers. If powerful error control codes are utilized and communication noise is not an issue, D-rls is modified to reduce communication overhead when compared to existing noise-unaware alternatives. Numerical simulations demonstrate that D-rls can outperform existing approaches in terms of estimation performance and noise resilience, while it has the potential of performing efficient tracking.

关键词： Distributed estimation rls algorithm wireless sensor networks (WSNs)

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