Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have significantly transformed diverse domains such as industrial automation, healthcare, disaster management, and environmental monitoring. The complex interaction of routing protocols...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350350067
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have significantly transformed diverse domains such as industrial automation, healthcare, disaster management, and environmental monitoring. The complex interaction of routing protocols, essential for enabling smooth data transport despite the specific difficulties in WSN environments, is the core of their success. The objective of this study is to get a accurate understanding of routing algorithms specifically projected for wireless sensor networks. Expanding upon the essential features and significant disputes faced in WSN systems, admitting limited energy resources, bandwidth constraints, and node processing capabilities, the discussion accentuates the significance of effective routing protocols. Furthermore, it thoroughly analyzes many forms of routing protocols, including basic hierarchical and flat schemes, as well as advanced location-based and data-centric protocols. The protocol category is thoroughly examined, uncovering its unique benefits, limitations, and suitability for various WSN applications. Furthermore, the review reveals the latest developments and upcoming trends in WSN routing protocols, brooding areas such as energy efficiency, dependability, scalability, and adaptive resilience to changing network considerations. In conclusion, the evaluation furnishes a forward-looking view by outlining potential research areas and possible pathways for meliorating the designs of WSN routing protocols. The main goal is to heighten the efficacy and practicality of WSNs. In this work, we examined a number of routing algorithms according to important criteria including mobility, scalability, energy efficiency, and Quality of Service (QoS). We looked at how each method handles node mobility, performs as the network expands, guarantees dependable data transmission, and optimizes energy use. We also looked at ways for choosing the cluster head (CH), energy-saving data aggregation strategies, redundancy-reduction mechanisms, and the
As the most important fabric of fixed networks, the optical network plays an important role in expanding network capacity and providing long distance communication. At present, the fixed network has entered a key era,...
详细信息
As the most important fabric of fixed networks, the optical network plays an important role in expanding network capacity and providing long distance communication. At present, the fixed network has entered a key era, i.e., the fifth-generation fixed network (F5G). As one of the main features of F5G, the full-fiber connection requires a tenfold to hundredfold increase in the number of connections, which means F5G will have tens of thousands of nodes and millions of connections. Large-scale networks are composed of multiple network domains connected to each other. The whole network can be subdivided according to network functional domain. To meet different service requirements, how to provision fast end-to-end service in a multi-domain scenario has become a key issue. In optical networks, lightpath establishment must precede service transmission. The latency of lightpath establishment includes lightpath establishment signaling latency and optical interleaving device configuration latency. The latter depends on equipment performance. Therefore, how to provision fast lightpath establishment signaling is a key problem. To reduce end-to-end service provisioning latency, we propose an extended-segment-routing-based fast service provisioning scheme for the first time, to our knowledge, which consists of two steps: signaling path acquisition and signaling provisioning. For the signaling path acquisition step, we propose an adaptive segment routing (ASR) algorithm that first performs service path calculation based on service requirements, then performs a label compression algorithm to obtain the signaling path represented by the minimum number of labels according to the service path. For the signaling provisioning step, we propose a fast-signaling provisioning (FSP) process that can realize fast signaling provisioning in both single-domain and multi-domain scenarios. The simulation results show that, (1) compared to the Dijkstra algorithm, the ASR algorithm achieves a lower
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are networks with devices that can detect, process, store, and communicate wirelessly. Each network terminal can have multiple sensing devices that can measure physical variations such ...
详细信息
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are networks with devices that can detect, process, store, and communicate wirelessly. Each network terminal can have multiple sensing devices that can measure physical variations such as temperature, brightness, humidity, and vibration. However, developing and implementing WSNs poses many challenges. This review presents the challenges of WSN using different routing algorithms such as geographic routing, energy-aware routing, delay aware routing, QoS aware routing, secure aware routing, and hierarchical aware routing. Another goal is to find out which WSN component automates interference and behavior. What kind of application is in the WSN depends not only on his work but also on the question of the basis, functionality, and handling of his project. The study was carefully planned, and the systematic review of the literature was set up in a strong framework according to a pre-defined protocol. Finally, we evaluate the performance parameters of previous routing algorithms with diverse routine metrics that are energy consumption, delay, packet delivery ratio, throughput, false ratio, packet loss ratio, and network overhead.
Urban air mobility vehicle nacelles contain mechanical and electrical components of varying sizes and geometries, where interactions between components via pipes, cables, and wire harnesses are essential to the fit, f...
详细信息
In the mobile opportunity network, the forwarding mechanism with multiple copies is usually used to accelerate the spread of information, but it will also lead to the aggravation of network overload. How to reduce net...
详细信息
We studied the impact of the temporal resolution of digital twins on AI routing paradigms. Numerical results demonstrate that AI routing with low data temporal resolution has a relatively higher tolerance in light loa...
详细信息
This paper proposes a dynamic routing method for optical networks to flexibly configure networks according to link-state and requirements of MAC layer. The effectiveness of the routing method is effectively by the OPN...
详细信息
In the big data environment, the social information of a large number of nodes cannot be reasonably analyzed and utilized, thus leading to the problem of uneven routing performance. Therefore, this paper proposes a So...
详细信息
In the big data environment, the social information of a large number of nodes cannot be reasonably analyzed and utilized, thus leading to the problem of uneven routing performance. Therefore, this paper proposes a Social Similarity routing Algorithm (SRRA) based on socially aware networks in the big data environment. In the SRRA algorithm, two main parts in which the process of nodes forwarding messages are in-community and out-of-community. First, we defined three indexes for nodes and communities in which nodes are located by analyzing human social behavior: community connectedness between communities, the activity of nodes, and the social similarity of nodes. Then these three indexes are used to make up two measures: the in-community forwarding measure and the out-of-community forwarding measure. When messages are forwarded within a community, we choose nodes with high in-community forwarding measures as relay nodes so that messages can be delivered quickly in the same community. The relay node with the highest out-of-community forwarding measure is chosen to forward the message to the adjacent communities that are as near as possible to the destination community as much as possible when messages are forwarded outside the community, which ensures that messages can always be sent to the target community fast and accurately. The results of the simulation experiments compared with existing routing algorithms prove that the SRRA routing algorithm significantly improves the message delivery ratio while effectively reducing the network overhead and average latency.
WBAN (Wireless body area networks) have enabled continuous real-time monitoring of health professionals and patients. For example, monitoring blood pressure and other biological indicators can help predict heart attac...
详细信息
Developing a routing model for WSNs is a challenging task, especially in terms of energy efficiency. Many energy-efficient routing strategies have been proposed to handle data packet forwarding through Cluster Heads (...
详细信息
暂无评论