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Opportunistic Relaying and random linear network coding for Secure and Reliable Communication

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2018年第1期17卷 223-234页

作者： Khan, Amjad Saeed Chatzigeorgiou, Ioannis Univ Lancaster Sch Comp & Commun Lancaster LA1 4YW England

Opportunistic relaying has the potential to achieve full diversity gain, while random linear network coding (RLNC) can reduce latency and energy consumption. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the integration of both schemes into wireless networks in order to reap their benefits, while considering security concerns. This paper considers a multi-relay network, where relay nodes employ RLNC to encode confidential data and transmit coded packets to a destination in the presence of an eavesdropper. Four relay selection protocols are studied covering a range of network capabilities, such as the availability of the eavesdropper's channel state information or the possibility to pair the selected relay with a node that intentionally generates interference. For each case, expressions for the probability that a coded packet will not be recovered by a receiver, which can be either the destination or the eavesdropper, are derived. Based on those expressions, a framework is developed that characterizes the probability of the eavesdropper intercepting a sufficient number of coded packets and partially or fully recovering the confidential data. Simulation results confirm the validity and accuracy of the theoretical framework and unveil the security-reliability trade-offs attained by each RLNC-enabled relay selection protocol.

关键词： Relay selection random linear network coding physical-layer security outage probability intercept probability

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Hierarchical Performance Analysis on random linear network coding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2018年第5期66卷 2009-2021页

作者： Li, Dan Guang, Xuan Zhou, Zhiheng Li, Congduan Tan, Chee Wei Tianjin Univ Technol Dept Math Tianjin 300384 Peoples R China Nankai Univ Sch Math Sci Tianjin 300071 Peoples R China Nankai Univ LPMC Tianjin 300071 Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Inst Network Coding Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Inst Network Coding Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol Commun Chengdu 611731 Sichuan Peoples R China City Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

random linear network coding (RLNC) is a promising network coding solution when the network topology information is not fully available to all the nodes. However, in practice, nodes have partial knowledge of the network topology information. Motivated by this, we investigate the performance of RLNC and obtain different upper bounds on the failure probability of RLNC for the network constrained by different partial network topology information. These upper bounds not only improve the existing ones in the literature, but also show that the partial network topology information can bring benefits to the performance analysis of RLNC. On the other hand, it is observed that if more network topology information can be utilized, tighter upper bounds can be obtained, as expected. The upper bounds on two classical networks are compared for demonstration. To obtain a deeper understanding about the performance of RLNC, the asymptotic behavior of RLNC as the field size goes to infinity is also investigated.

关键词： random linear network coding failure probability hierarchical performance upper bound asymptotic behavior

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Design and realization of efficient & secure multi-homed systems based on random linear network coding

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COMPUTER networkS 2019年 163卷 106886-000页

作者： Noura, Hassan N. Melki, Reem Malli, Mohammad Chehab, Ali Amer Univ Beirut Dept Elect & Comp Engn Beirut Lebanon Arab Open Univ Dept Comp Sci Beirut Lebanon

Multi-homing is a new mechanism that enables hosts with multiple network interfaces (IP addresses), to connect to more than one data link. This technology enhances Internet connectivity and reliability without compromising efficient performance. Like any communication system, the security of multi-homed systems is of great importance. However, this issue remains largely un-attempted, where only few papers in the literature discuss, address and present security solutions for multi-homed systems. On the other hand, random linear network coding (RLNC) has recently emerged as a new coding technique that aims at improving system performance by efficiently transmitting and compressing data in general multisource multicast networks. In this paper, a data confidentiality and availability scheme based on RNLC, is proposed for multi-homed systems. The proposed solution exploits the random physical characteristics of wireless channels, along with a pre-shared secret key, to derive dynamic keys which are used to generate random and dynamic cryptographic primitives. These primitives mainly include two permutation tables and a set of secret invertible RLNC matrices, all of which change for every input message. It has been shown that by securing the cryptographic primitives needed in the ciphering/deciphering process, one can jointly enhance the security and performance of transmitted data in multi-homed systems. Finally, security and performance analysis are presented to validate the efficiency and security of the proposed encryption/encoding scheme. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Secure multi-homed networks Lightweight encryption-authentication scheme random linear network coding

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Improving the energy efficiency for the WBSN bottleneck zone based on random linear network coding

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IET WIRELESS SENSOR SYSTEMS 2018年第1期8卷 17-25页

作者： Alshaheen, Hisham Rizk, Haifa Takruri Univ Salford Comp Sci & Engn Sch Manchester Lancs England

The reduction of energy consumption and the successful delivery of data are important for a wireless body sensor network (WBSN). Many studies have been performed to improve energy efficiency, but most of them have not focused on the biosensor nodes in the WBSN bottleneck zone. Energy consumption is a critical issue in WBSNs, as the nodes that are placed next to the sink node consume more energy. All biomedical packets are aggregated through these nodes forming a bottleneck zone. This study proposes a novel mathematical model for body area network topology to explain the deployment and connection between biosensor nodes, simple relay nodes, network coding (NC) relay nodes and the sink node. Therefore, this study is dedicated to research both the energy saving and delivery of data if there is a failure in one of the links of the transmission, which relates to the proposed random linear NC model in the WBSN. Using a novel mathematical model for the WBSN, it is apparent that energy consumption is reduced and data delivery achieved with the proposed mechanism. This study details the stages of the research work.

关键词： energy conservation mathematical analysis random codes linear codes network coding telecommunication network topology body area networks biosensors relay networks (telecommunication) telecommunication network reliability body sensor networks energy efficiency WBSN random linear network coding energy consumption wireless body sensor network biosensor node biomedical packet aggregation mathematical model body area network topology relay node NC data delivery

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random linear network coding for Wireless Layered Video Broadcast: General Design Methods for Adaptive Feedback-Free Transmission

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2017年第2期65卷 790-805页

作者： Esmaeilzadeh, Mohammad Sadeghi, Parastoo Aboutorab, Neda Australian Natl Univ Res Sch Engn Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Univ New South Wales Sch Engn & Informat Technol Canberra ACT 2612 Australia

This paper studies the problem of broadcasting layered video streams over heterogeneous single-hop wireless networks using feedback-free random linear network coding (RLNC). We combine RLNC with unequal error protection (UEP) and our main purpose is twofold: to systematically investigate the benefits of UEP+RLNC layered approach in servicing users with different reception capabilities and to study the effect of not using feedback, by comparing feedback-free schemes with idealistic full-feedback schemes. To these ends, we study "expected percentage of decoded frames" as a key content-independent performance metric and propose a general framework for calculation of this metric, which can highlight the effect of key system, video, and channel parameters. We study the effect of number of layers and propose a scheme that selects the optimum number of layers adaptively to achieve the highest performance. Assessing the proposed schemes with real H.264 test streams, the trade-offs among the users' performances are discussed and the gain of adaptive selection of number of layers to improve the trade-offs is shown. Furthermore, it is observed that the performance gap between the proposed feedback-free scheme and the idealistic scheme is very small and the adaptive selection of number of video layers further closes the gap.

关键词： random linear network coding layered video streaming wireless broadcast

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random linear network coding for 5G Mobile Video Delivery

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INFORMATION 2018年第4期9卷 72页

作者： Vukobratovic, Dejan Tassi, Andrea Delic, Savo Khirallah, Chadi Univ Novi Sad Fac Tech Sci Novi Sad 21000 Serbia Univ Bristol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Bristol BS8 1TH Avon England Univ Edinburgh Sch Engn Edinburgh EH8 9YL Midlothian Scotland

An exponential increase in mobile video delivery will continue with the demand for higher resolution, multi-view and large-scale multicast video services. Novel fifth generation (5G) 3GPP New Radio (NR) standard will bring a number of new opportunities for optimizing video delivery across both 5G core and radio access networks. One of the promising approaches for video quality adaptation, throughput enhancement and erasure protection is the use of packet-level random linear network coding (RLNC). In this review paper, we discuss the integration of RLNC into the 5G NR standard, building upon the ideas and opportunities identified in 4G LTE. We explicitly identify and discuss in detail novel 5G NR features that provide support for RLNC-based video delivery in 5G, thus pointing out to the promising avenues for future research.

关键词： random linear network coding mobile cellular networks 4G long-term evolution (LTE) 5G New Radio (NR) mobile video delivery

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The Design and Implementation of random linear network coding Based Distributed Storage System in Dynamic networks 18th

The Design and Implementation of Random Linear Network Codin...

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18th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing (ICA3PP)

作者： He, Bin Wang, Jin Zhou, Jingya Lu, Kejie Li, Lingzhi Zhang, Shukui Soochow Univ Dept Comp Sci & Technol Suzhou Peoples R China Soochow Univ Prov Key Lab Comp Informat Proc Technol Suzhou Peoples R China Univ Puerto Rico Dept Comp Sci & Engn Mayaguez PR USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783030050634;9783030050627

Nowadays, different end devices with different computation and bandwidth capabilities acquire data from Internet. To improve efficiency of data storage and retrieve, in this paper, we study how to use random linear network coding to construct an efficient distributed storage system to reduce the traffic cost in a dynamic network. In order to balance the success ratio of recovery traffic cost and traffic speed, we firstly introduce a random network coding scheme and implement a practically available distributed storage system in the actual environment. We then adjust different parameters, e.g., finite fields, link bandwidth, node computing capabilities, etc., to evaluate the proposed system. Finally, experiment results show the efficiency of the proposed designs.

关键词： random linear network coding Distributed storage system Dynamic networks

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random linear network coding over Compute-and-Forward in Multi-Source Multi-Relay networks 13

Random Linear Network Coding over Compute-and-Forward in Mul...

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13th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)

作者： Ngeth, Rithea Kurkoski, Brian M. Lim, Yuto Tan, Yasuo Japan Adv Inst Sci & Technol Sch Informat Sci Nomi Ishikawa Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781509043729

This paper proposes a transmission scheme which applies random linear network coding (RLNC) over compute-and-forward (CF), called RLNC/CF, in multi-source multi-relay networks. Instead of solving the full rank failure at relays, this paper compensates for this overhead to increase the possibility of successfully decoding computed messages at the destination. The concept of the overlapped generations is applied with a proposed computing and storing strategy. This paper provides a compensation based on the estimation of the channel state information (CSI) of the previous generation and a compensation based on the learning data of CSI. By comparing to an orthogonal channel transmission scheme, a performance trade-off is considered. An expression for estimated performances of RLNC/CF in function of the probabilities of the parameters related to CSI is provided to help for the decision of selecting transmission scheme. From the numerical result, RLNC/CF scheme works better than a conventional CF transmission scheme in reducing the transmission latency.

关键词： random linear network coding compute-and-forward nested lattice code multi-source multi-relay rank deficiency

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Deterministic Broadcasting and random linear network coding in Mobile Ad Hoc networks

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IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON networkING 2017年第3期25卷 1540-1554页

作者： Papanikos, Nikolaos Papapetrou, Evangelos Univ Ioannina Comp Sci & Engn GR-45110 Ioannina Greece

network coding has been successfully used in the past for efficient broadcasting in wireless multi-hop networks. Two coding approaches are suitable for mobile networks;random linear network coding (RLNC) and XOR-based coding. In this paper, we focus on the problem of multiple source broadcasting in mobile ad hoc networks. We make the observation that RLNC provides increased resilience to packet losses compared with XOR-based coding. We develop an analytical model that justifies our intuition. However, the model also reveals that combining RLNC with probabilistic forwarding, which is the approach taken in the literature, may significantly impact RLNC's performance. Therefore, we take the novel approach to combine RLNC with a deterministic broadcasting algorithm in order to prune transmissions. More specifically, we propose a connected dominating set-based algorithm that works in synergy with RLNC on the "packet generation level." Since managing packet generations is a key issue in RLNC, we propose a distributed scheme, which is also suitable for mobile environments and does not compromise the coding efficiency. We show that the proposed algorithm outperforms XOR-based as well as RLNC-based schemes even when global knowledge is used for managing packet generations.

关键词： random linear network coding broadcasting mobile ad hoc networks energy efficiency

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A random linear network coding Accelerator in a 2.4GHz Transmitter for IoT Applications

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS 2017年第9期64卷 2582-2590页

作者： Angelopoulos, Georgios Paidimarri, Arun Medard, Muriel Chandrakasan, Anantha P. Cavium Inc Marlborough MA 01752 USA IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr Yorktown Hts NY 10598 USA MIT Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci Cambridge MA 02139 USA

random linear network coding (RLNC) is an emerging coding technique, which can provide several advantages in wireless networks, such as throughput gains, increased data robustness, and better utilization of network resources. In this paper, we present the first custom VLSI implementation of RLNC, integrated with an ultralow-power 2.4-GHz transmitter. We examine its energy efficiency and error recovery performance in the context of Internet of Things applications, and we perform experiments quantifying its benefits when it operates separately and jointly with physical layer forward error correction (FEC) codes, as a joint channel and network coding scheme. The chip is fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process, occupies 2 x 1.3 mm(2) and consumes 580 pJ/bit for processing and transmitting data at 1 Mbps. The digital packet processor and encoder occupies 200 x 200 mu m(2), consists of an on-chip memory, a multi-rate convolutional encoder, and a RLNC accelerator with configurable redundancy, and consumes 15 mu W, operating at 0.4 V. For improved spectral efficiency, an on-chip pulse shaping filter is implemented, reducing side lobes by 28 dB while consuming 15 mu W. According to our over-the-air experiments, RLNC can provide an effective SNR improvement of 5.6 dB when combined with FEC rate 1/2, and 3.4 dB without FEC, at a packet error rate of 10(-2).

关键词： Forward error correction random linear network coding energy efficiency asymmetric IoT networks low-power transmitters

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