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Earthquake Safety Assessment of Buildings through rapid visual screening

BUILDINGS 2020年第3期10卷 51-51页

作者： Harirchian, Ehsan Lahmer, Tom Buddhiraju, Sreekanth Mohammad, Kifaytullah Mosavi, Amir Bauhaus Univ Weimar ISM D-99423 Weimar Germany Oxford Brookes Univ Sch Built Environm Oxford OX3 0BP England Queensland Univ Technol Fac Hlth 130 Victoria Pk Rd Kelvin Grove Qld 4059 Australia J Selye Univ Dept Math & Informat Komarno 94501 Slovakia Obuda Univ Kalman Kando Fac Elect Engn H-1034 Budapest Hungary

Earthquake is among the most devastating natural disasters causing severe economical, environmental, and social destruction. Earthquake safety assessment and building hazard monitoring can highly contribute to urban sustainability through identification and insight into optimum materials and structures. While the vulnerability of structures mainly depends on the structural resistance, the safety assessment of buildings can be highly challenging. In this paper, we consider the rapid visual screening (RVS) method, which is a qualitative procedure for estimating structural scores for buildings suitable for medium- to high-seismic cases. This paper presents an overview of the common RVS methods, i.e., FEMA P-154, IITK-GGSDMA, and EMPI. To examine the accuracy and validation, a practical comparison is performed between their assessment and observed damage of reinforced concrete buildings from a street survey in the Bingol region, Turkey, after the 1 May 2003 earthquake. The results demonstrate that the application of RVS methods for preliminary damage estimation is a vital tool. Furthermore, the comparative analysis showed that FEMA P-154 creates an assessment that overestimates damage states and is not economically viable, while EMPI and IITK-GGSDMA provide more accurate and practical estimation, respectively.

关键词： buildings earthquake safety assessment earthquake extreme events seismic assessment natural hazard mitigation rapid visual screening building defects structural-health monitoring survey geohazard hazard assessment reinforced concrete buildings

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Damage assessment of recent Indian earthquakes: review of existing rapid visual screening schemes

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CURRENT SCIENCE 2020年第2期119卷 352-363页

作者： Das, Pranab Kumar Dutta, Sekhar Chandra Sengupta, Piyali Indian Inst Technol Dept Civil Engn Dhanbad 826004 Bihar India

To comprehend the seismic vulnerability of a particular region, seismic damage assessment of a large number of buildings needs to be conducted. However, a realistic representation of structural damage can only be obtained through post-earthquake field observations and reconnaissance survey reports. Post-earthquake damage survey reports for Nepal (Gorkha) earthquake (2015) and Imphal (India) earthquake (2016) presented in this study are utilized to give an overall idea about the nature of seismic damage prevalent for the widespread civil engineering infrastructural developments in the particular geographical regions. Further, the study applies the existing rapid visual screening (RVS) schemes for predicting seismic vulnerability of the structures to judge the sanctity of the schemes. An extensive state-of-the-art review of the existing RVS schemes reported in the literature is presented. A comparative study exhibiting the efficacy of the existing RVS schemes is conducted on the basis of damage survey reports obtained from the Nepal and Imphal earthquakes. Finally, a modified RVS scheme is proposed here for seismic damage assessment of masonry and low-rise reinforced concrete buildings located in hilly regions of the Indian subcontinent and other developing countries. Excerpts from the study can be useful for researchers and practising engineers to perform seismic damage assessment of buildings using the proposed RVS scheme.

关键词： Buildings damage assessment rapid visual screening reconnaissance seismic vulnerability

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Large-scale seismic assessment of RC buildings through rapid visual screening

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION 2022年 80卷

作者： Ahmed, Shaheryar Abarca, Andres Perrone, Daniele Monteiro, Ricardo Univ Sch Adv Studies IUSS Pavia Pavia Italy Univ Salento Lecce Italy

rapid urban growth, particularly in developing countries, is often accompanied by unplanned and highly vulnerable settlements which could lead to high seismic risk. This problem becomes even more pronounced when such developing countries are located in seismic prone regions, which, without a well-enforced seismic code, face high probability of major human and economic losses following a seismic event. With this in mind, large-scale rapid visual screening (RVS) procedures to perform seismic vulnerability assessment are of paramount importance to, at least, obtain a preliminary estimate of the risk to which buildings of a certain region are exposed to. RVS methods generally provide a seismic risk index based on the site hazard, the structural vulner-ability and the exposure. This paper presents one of many available RVS procedures, applied and assessed for large-scale seismic vulnerability mapping of a case-study province in Northern Algeria. Based on data collected during ad-hoc field surveys, the index-based selected RVS methodology was adapted to the reinforced concrete (RC) portion of the building portfolio, featuring over 2900 buildings, to estimate its seismic vulnerability. Taking advantage of a large amount of available data, a parametric study was then performed to understand the effect of the individual variables used in the RVS method on the vulnerability indices of the different buildings. The consistency of the method, as evi-denced by the results found across different building stock typologies, was also investigated to confirm the soundness of RVS approaches in large-scale assessments. Furthermore, in specific for the case-study region, the outcome of this study is extremely useful for preliminary identification of buildings (or building classes) more prone to earthquake damage and to assist decision-makers in planning seismic risk reduction strategies.

关键词： Seismic vulnerability RC buildings rapid visual screening Northern Algeria Machine learning

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Assessment of Seismic Building Vulnerability Using rapid visual screening Method through Web-Based Application for Malaysia

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BUILDINGS 2021年第10期11卷 485页

作者： Kassem, Moustafa Moufid Beddu, Salmia Ooi, Jun Hao Tan, Chee Ghuan Mohamad El-Maissi, Ahmad Mohamed Nazri, Fadzli Univ Sains Malaysia Sch Civil Engn Engn Campus Nibong Tebal 14300 Penang Malaysia Univ Tenaga Nas Dept Civil Engn Jalan Ikram Uniten Kajang 43000 Selangor Darul Malaysia Univ Malaya Ctr Innovat Construct Technol Dept Civil Engn Fac Engn Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia

rapid visual screening is a quick and simple approach often used by researchers to estimate the seismic vulnerability of buildings in an area. In this study, preliminary seismic vulnerability assessment of 500 buildings situated at Northern and Eastern George Town, Malaysia, was carried out by utilizing a modified FEMA-154 (2002) method that suits Malaysian conditions. Data were collected from online sources via Google Maps and Google Earth instead of traditional surveying data collection through street screening. The seismic assessment analysis of this study was based on the RVS performance score and the damage state classification for each building typology. This approach generates, for each building, a final performance score based on governing parameters such as structural resisting system, height, structural irregularities, building age, and soil type. The findings revealed the immediate need for effective seismic mitigation strategies, as 90% of the studied buildings required a further detailed analyses to pinpoint their exact seismic vulnerability performance. Most of the surveyed buildings were predicted to experience moderate-to-substantial damage, with 220 out of 500 being classed as damage state 2 (D2) and damage state 3 (D3). A GIS map, "RVS Malaysian Form-George Town Area ", was generated via ArcGIS and shared with the public to provide vital information for further research.

关键词： rapid visual screening damage state performance score ArcGIS

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Seismic vulnerability evaluation of educational buildings of Mymensingh city, Bangladesh using rapid visual screening and index based approach

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RESILIENCE IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT 2020年第3期11卷 379-402页

作者： Alam, Md. Shaharier Haque, Shamim Mahabubul Khulna Univ Urban & Rural Planning Discipline Khulna Bangladesh

Purpose Seismic vulnerability evaluation of various public structures, especially school buildings, is very crucial for designing hazard mitigation initiatives in seismic prone areas. The city of Mymensingh is at great risk of earthquake because of its geographical location, geological structure and proximity to active faults. The city is famous for its ancient and renowned educational institutes that need to be evaluated for understanding the seismic performance of the building during an earthquake. This study aims to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of educational buildings of Mymensingh city using rapid visual screening (RVS) and index based approach. Design/methodology/approach RVS procedure includes field survey and secondary source assessment for evaluating structural vulnerability attributes. Analytical hierarchy process is applied to develop an index focusing on systematic attributes of vulnerability based on expert opinions. Then, a composite vulnerability map is developed combining both structural and systematic vulnerability score providing an equal weight. Findings This study evaluates the seismic vulnerability of 458 educational buildings of Mymensingh city and the result shows that 23.14% educational building has high, 46.29% has moderate and 26.86% has moderately low and only 3.71% buildings has the low seismic vulnerability. This study expected to be helpful in resource targeting and prioritizing seismic hazard mitigation activities for education buildings of Mymensingh city. Originality/value This study endeavors to present a comprehensive vulnerability assessment method by integrating RVS and index based approach that incorporates both structural and systematic dimensions of vulnerability. The result is expected to be helpful in the formulation of disaster prevention policy for vulnerable educational buildings and development of the earthquake-resistant building codes for the new building construction in Mymensingh city.

关键词： Seismic vulnerability rapid visual screening Analytical hierarchy process Index Educational building Geographic information system

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Seismic vulnerability assessment of buildings in high-risk areas: A modified rapid visual screening approach in Pakistan

Journal of Dynamic Disasters

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Journal of Dynamic Disasters 2025年第3期1卷

作者： Khan Shahzada Ibrar Ul Haq Umar Ahmad Noor Zhao-Dong Xu Department of Civil Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar Pakistan China Pakistan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Smart Disaster Prevention of Major Infrastructure-Sub Center University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar Pakistan Department of Structural Engineering National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST) Pakistan China-Pakistan Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Smart Disaster Prevention of Major Infrastructures Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China

In this study, we evaluate the seismic vulnerability of buildings in Dir City, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, using a modified rapid visual screening (RVS) approach. Based on the Building Code of Pakistan, Dir City falls within Seismic Zone III. The majority of the structures in the city are non-engineered and old, and were built by local masons; therefore, they could be vulnerable during a seismic event. One hundred randomly selected buildings, including residential, commercial, government, and religious buildings, were assessed in an RVS survey. The structural configuration of the surveyed buildings was diverse—unreinforced masonry, confined masonry, stone masonry, and reinforced concrete (RC) frames with unreinforced masonry (URM) infill. The materials and structural systems of each building were assessed using the RVS approach and employing a modified Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) data collection form. Positive and negative score modifiers were used to assign and modify basic scores based on characteristics that increase or decrease seismic resistance in a building; low final scores indicate the need for further expert examination. The final scores were then mapped to damage grades representing potential vulnerability. Drawing on the study findings, suggestions for improving the earthquake resilience of Dir City are offered.

关键词： rapid visual screening, Seismic Vulnerability, Building Seismic Resilience, Seismic Regulations Seismic Audit RM Reinforced Masonry URM Unreinforced Masonry CM Confined Masonry RVS rapid visual screening UBC Uniform Building Code BCP Building Code of Pakistan SL1 Final Score Ss Spectral Acceleration for Short-Period Intervals S1 Spectral Acceleration for One-Second Intervals FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency PGA Peak Ground Acceleration ATC Applied Technology Council HAZUS Hazards U.S. (FEMA Seismic Risk Assessment Tool) KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa EC8 Eurocode 8 (European Seismic Design Standard) QGIS Quantum Geographic Information System PCC Plain Cement Concrete RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete RC Reinforced Concrete VI Vulnerability Index EEFIT Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team Vs30 Shear Wave Velocity at 30m Depth C3 Reinforced Concrete Frames with Unreinforced Masonry Infill D Damage Grade Classification SL Seismic Level GPS Global Positioning System

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Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment for RCC Buildings of Guwahati City using rapid visual screening 7

Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment for RCC Buildings of Guw...

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7th International Conference on Building Resilience (ICBR) - Using Scientific Knowledge to Inform Policy and Practice in Disaster Risk Reduction

作者： Sarmah, Tanaya Das, Sutapa Indian Inst Technol Kharagpur Ranbir & Chitra Gupta Sch Infrastruct Design & Ma Kharagpur 721302 W Bengal India Indian Inst Technol Kharagpur Dept Architecture & Reg Planning Kharagpur 721302 W Bengal India

The city of Guwahati in north-east India falls under seismic zone V and is located in Assam gap of Himalaya. It has historically witnessed devastating earthquakes up to 8.7 on the Richter scale in 1897 and 1950. Unplanned rapid urbanization has increased its seismic vulnerability of life and property. This paper attempts to develop a ward-level hazard map of the city through systematic vulnerability analyses of the hazard by overlapping the ward map and the earthquake hazard microzonation map. Out of total 31 wards, five wards with highest density of population and taller buildings were taken as the most vulnerable areas and were selected for this study. These buildings have reinforced cement concrete framed structure but with various options of roof. A structured survey was carried out with rapid visual screening (RVS) for existing building stock. Tota1100 buildings were randomly selected from the sample of residential, commercial, industrial, religious and mixed use buildings from municipal tax record. The buildings were categorized in terms of nine major vulnerability parameters based on Indian references. They were customized and graded as per US FEMA guideline which is more comprehensive in dealing with other building structures such as masonry or lightweight timber structures. Buildings under survey were scored and ranked based on their seismic vulnerability. Though the preliminary scoring passed (score>0.3) all buildings, but further refinement is needed to infer precisely. The result is helpful in formulating local level policy making to prioritize the building stock for appropriate remedial measures. The study also complements the earthquake resistant building codes and guidelinesof India developed for the new building construction. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： disaster earthquake Guwahati rapid visual screening seismic vulnerability

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rapid visual screening of different housing typologies in Himachal Pradesh, India

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NATURAL HAZARDS 2017年第3期85卷 1851-1875页

作者： Kumar, Sreerama Ajay Rajaram, Chenna Mishra, Shashank Kumar, Ramancharla Pradeep Karnath, Anoop Int Inst Informat Technol Earthquake Engn Res Ctr Civil Engn Hyderabad 500032 Andhra Pradesh India Taru Edge Leading Private Ltd New Delhi 110016 India

Methods capable of assessing the vulnerability of houses for future earthquakes are of fundamental importance for the safety and development of an area. As the detailed assessment is limited to number of houses and cost, one of the appraising methods currently used for seismic vulnerability assessment is rapid visual screening (RVS). This methodology has led to determination of risk of an area subjected to an earthquake event. Many codes have limited rapid visual screening to housing typologies like reinforced concrete and Brick masonry structures. This paper delivers an approach on how to perform RVS for five varieties of buildings in Himachal Pradesh state. The RVS scores have been calculated for 9099 buildings and normal distribution curves are plotted for each typology of building to understand the distribution of buildings in Himachal Pradesh. Finally, a new modified format for performing rapid visual screening has been proposed at the end.

关键词： rapid visual screening Housing Normal distribution Building typology

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Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment for RCC Buildings of Guwahati City using rapid visual screening

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Procedia Engineering 2018年 212卷 214-221页

作者： Tanaya Sarmah Sutapa Das Ranbir & Chitra Gupta School of Infrastructure Design & Management Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302 India Dept. of Architecture & Regional Planning Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302 India

The city of Guwahati in north-east India falls under seismic zone V and is located in Assam gap of Himalaya. It has historically witnessed devastating earthquakes up to 8.7 on the Richter scale in 1897 and 1950. Unplanned rapid urbanization has increased its seismic vulnerability of life and property. This paper attempts to develop a ward-level hazard map of the city through systematic vulnerability analyses of the hazard by overlapping the ward map and the earthquake hazard microzonation map. Out of total 31 wards, five wards with highest density of population and taller buildings were taken as the most vulnerable areas and were selected for this study. These buildings have reinforced cement concrete framed structure but with various options of roof. A structured survey was carried out with rapid visual screening (RVS) for existing building stock. Total100 buildings were randomly selected from the sample of residential, commercial, industrial, religious and mixed use buildings from municipal tax record. The buildings were categorized in terms of nine major vulnerability parameters based on Indian references. They were customized and graded as per US FEMA guideline which is more comprehensive in dealing with other building structures such as masonry or lightweight timber structures. Buildings under survey were scored and ranked based on their seismic vulnerability. Though the preliminary scoring passed (score>0.3) all buildings, but further refinement is needed to infer precisely. The result is helpful in formulating local level policy making to prioritize the building stock for appropriate remedial measures. The study also complements the earthquake resistant building codes and guidelinesof India developed for the new building construction.

关键词： disaster earthquake Guwahati rapid visual screening seismic vulnerability

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rapid visual screening for seismic evaluation of RC hospital buildings

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STRUCTURES 2015年 3卷 57-70页

作者： Perrone, Daniele Aiello, Maria Antonietta Pecce, Marisa Rossi, Fernando Univ Salento Dept Engn Innovat Lecce Italy Univ Sannio Dept Engn Benevento Italy

Hospitals must be fully operational in the event of an emergency after an earthquake to protect the lives of patients and health workers as well as to provide emergency care and medical treatment to the subsequently increased number of patients who will be driven to healthcare facilities. Surveys performed in the aftermath of recent earthquakes have shown that the performance of hospitals and their functionality after an earthquake are related not only to structural damage but also to damage that occurs to nonstructural elements and medical equipment. For a large-scale mapping of the seismic risk to hospitals, it is impossible to proceed with advanced methodologies;simplified methodologies are thus required. These methodologies must consider the performance of nonstructural elements and equipment. In this work, a rapid visual screening method is proposed to determine a Safety Index for hospital buildings. The newly developed procedure provides a risk index by evaluating the main parameters that affect the vulnerability of buildings during a systematic sidewalk survey. The procedure has been applied to two Italian hospitals located in different seismic areas, and the results are compared with a similar index obtained from a push-over analysis. Finally, the proposed RVS method has also been applied to two hospitals damaged by the 2009 L'Aquila Earthquake and the 2012 Emilia Earthquake. (C) 2015 The Institution of Structural Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Safety Index Hospital buildings Seismic risk rapid visual screening Seismic vulnerability

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