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ML-EHSAPP: a prototype for machine learning-based earthquake hazard safety assessment of structures by using a smartphone app

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2022年第11期26卷 5279-5299页

作者： Harirchian, Ehsan Jadhav, Kirti Kumari, Vandana Lahmer, Tom Bauhaus Univ Weimar Inst Struct Mech ISM D-99423 Weimar Germany

The recent devastating earthquakes have caused severe physical, social, and financial damage worldwide and indicate that many existing buildings, especially in developing countries, are not designed to withstand seismic hazards and resulting vulnerabilities to earthquakes. It is difficult, time-consuming, and costly to investigate and inspect all the existing buildings in detail before an earthquake, especially in urban areas. Therefore, rapid methods for evaluating the vulnerability of buildings have attracted the interest of researchers. This paper investigates the seismic susceptibility through the combination of buildings' geometrical attributes that affect the vulnerability of buildings and further extended into having foresight into the damage state of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings using artificial neural network (ANN). For this purpose, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) network has been trained and optimized using two different databases of damaged buildings from the Nepal and Ecuador earthquakes. The results show the practicability and efficacy of the selected ANN approach for classifying actual damage grade based on structural damage, which the workflow can be followed and applied into other data from other regions for the detection of highly vulnerable buildings. A prototype of a smartphone app and its implementation was later introduced for data collection and vulnerability assessment purposes based on the proposed method.

关键词： Artificial neural network earthquake safety assessment machine learning vulnerability assessment rapid visual screening reinforced concrete buildings smartphone

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Use of machine learning algorithms for damage estimation of reinforced concrete buildings

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CURRENT SCIENCE 2022年第4期122卷 439-447页

作者： Nayan, Swapnil Ramancharla, Pradeep Kumar Int Inst Informat Technol Earthquake Engn Res Ctr Hyderabad 500032 Telangana India

Identifying the vulnerabilities in a building is a crucial step towards earthquake risk mitigation. rapid visual screening is a quick and popular method for seismic vulnerability assessment. It helps identify buildings that require detailed investigation, which is done by modelling using seismic analysis software. This is a time-consuming and resource-intensive task. This article proposes the use of machine learning to bypass the seismic analysis of buildings. A case study using 1296 building models and maximum inter-storey drift ratio as the measure of damage has been presented. Random forest gives the best prediction accuracy in the study.

关键词： Damage estimation earthquakes machine learning rapid visual screening reinforced concrete building

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rapid seismic visual screen method for masonry infilled reinforced concrete framed buildings: Application to typical Sri Lankan school buildings

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION 2023年 92卷

作者： Sathurshan, Mathavanayakam Thamboo, Julian Mallikarachchi, Chinthaka Wijesundara, Kushan Dias, Priyan Univ Moratuwa Dept Civil Engn Moratuwa 10400 Sri Lanka South Eastern Univ Sri Lanka Dept Civil Engn Oluvil 32360 Sri Lanka Univ Peradeniya Dept Civil Engn Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka

Seismic rapid visual screening (RVS) methods are used when a large stock of structures is to be evaluated for seismic risk. Although several RVS methods are available, applications of those methods to appraise the seismic risk of reinforced concrete framed (RC) buildings with irregu-larities in masonry infill walls (MIWs) are limited. School buildings constructed in Sri Lanka are built with certain RC frame typologies;however, they vary in terms of MIW arrangements used. Therefore, a new RVS method is proposed to evaluate the seismic risk of masonry infilled rein-forced concrete (RC-MIW) buildings, particularly for the typical RC-MIW school buildings in Sri Lanka. The proposed RVS method incorporates irregularities of MIW arrangements in the typical RC buildings, the attributes of which are not well accounted in the available RVS methods. The vulnerability attributes such as short column and soft storey effects, arise due to the irregularities of MIW arrangements in the buildings, are explicitly incorporated in the proposed RVS method. The FEMA P-154 guidelines were followed to develop basic scores, score modifiers and minimum scores in the proposed RVS method. For that purpose, seismic performances of RC-MIW schools with various MIW irregularities were numerically analysed. The effectiveness of the proposed RVS method is compared with the existing RVS methods to evaluate the seismic risk of typical RC-MIW school buildings in Sri Lanka. It is shown that the proposed RVS method is capable of capturing the seismic risks of such typical RC-MIW Sri Lankan school buildings.

关键词： rapid visual screening Seismic vulnerability Masonry infill RC frame Pushover analysis Structural scores

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Earthquake vulnerability of city regions based on building typology: rapid assessment survey

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Asian Journal of Civil Engineering 2021年第4期22卷 677-687页

作者： Satish, Dharsana Prakash, E. Lalith Anand, K.B. Sri Krishna College of Technology Coimbatore India Amrita School of Engineering Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Coimbatore India

India positions among the top five nations which have been hit by the most number of catastrophic events in the preceding decade. The current study is focussed on seismic vulnerability assessment of buildings by FEMA (Federal emergency management agency) guidelines (HAZUS methodology) in selected regions of a Tier II city of south India–Coimbatore (falling in Zone III as per BIS 1893–2016). For the present study, an earthquake event with a moment magnitude (M_w) 5.4 is considered, which is the Maximum considered event (MCE) for Coimbatore. The predominant typologies of existing buildings of the selected city regions (designated as Corporation wards) are determined by rapid visual screening (RVS methodology). Six model building types were predominant and their peak building response was obtained with the intersection of the capacity curve and demand spectra. Peak building response is utilized for determining the damage probability states viz., slight, moderate, extensive and complete for the building types. The vulnerability index of model building type was obtained by taking a weighted average of damage probability. The distribution of buildings in each ward is incorporated with model building damage probabilities to identify wards of higher seismic vulnerability. The significant variation in the ward wise vulnerability index of selected wards highlights the influence of building typology their distribution pattern across the different regions of the city. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG part of Springer Nature.

关键词： Building typology HAZUS methodology rapid visual screening Seismic vulnerability assessment Vulnerability index

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visualization of seismic vulnerability of buildings with the use of a mobile data transmission and an automated GIS-based tool

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STRUCTURES 2020年 24卷 50-58页

作者： Ozbay, Ayse Elif Ozsoy Karapinar, Isil Sanri Unen, Huseyin Can Maltepe Univ Dept Civil Engn TR-34857 Istanbul Turkey Yer Cizenler Mapping Everyone Assoc Istanbul Turkey

This paper aims to introduce a computer-aided rapid visual screening framework and establish a prioritization strategy for seismic vulnerability evaluation of reinforced concrete buildings. A methodology is developed to organize and visualize the results of visual screening method with a GIS-oriented database system. Throughout the study, the primary rationale behind conducting the field data collection via utilization of spatial processes is to achieve a standardized and efficient data flow in the presence of multiple data collectors on the field, working in coordination. Incorporated in the process are mobile data collection tools with cloud-support, open online spatial databases, and open-source GIS software. The utilization of these tools instead of paper forms would lead to readily available standardized responses via digital forms, avoiding loss and fragmentation of data and ambiguities in classification, where multiple users contribute to the same repository. In addition, the use of digital tools in field data collection eliminates the data transcription process, significantly reducing the time required for it. Hence, the proposed framework has the potential to represent a fast and reliable overview of structural seismic vulnerability as well as seismic priority for strengthening. As a result of this study, the mobile data transmission in the field and the visualization in GIS are highly recommended to be a standard part of the seismic evaluation procedure.

关键词： Seismic vulnerability Seismic assessment Reinforced concrete buildings GIS visualization rapid visual screening

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Developing a hierarchical type-2 fuzzy logic model to improve rapid evaluation of earthquake hazard safety of existing buildings

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STRUCTURES 2020年 28卷 1384-1399页

作者： Harirchian, Ehsan Lahmer, Tom Bauhaus Univ Weimar Inst Struct Mech ISM Marienstr 15 D-99423 Weimar Germany

The demand for developing a rapid, reliable, and effective technique for prioritizing the buildings with high seismic vulnerability and assisting disaster mitigation in developing post-earthquake safety plans for highly vulnerable buildings, is always challenging for engineers. In this paper, a novel framework for earthquake vulnerability assessment of buildings via rapid visual screening (RVS) is proposed using type-2 fuzzy. In the previous methods, investigators' subjective/qualitative decisions who performed the inspection are predominantly vague and uncertain. Due to crisp membership functions, the typical fuzzy set cannot cover all types of uncertainty. However, it can handle vagueness sufficiently besides being a quick and affordable method. A hierarchical structure is modeled by different interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems (IT2FLSs) to cover uncertainties in this approach. The effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated in two case studies in Turkey. The result of the analysis presents the robust efficiency of the proposed method. However, this work's scope was only reinforced concrete buildings, but it is easy to adapt to different types of buildings, seismic zones, and countries.

关键词： Fuzzy logic Earthquake safety assessment Seismic vulnerability rapid visual screening Reinforced concrete buildings Damage Uncertainty

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A review on application of soft computing techniques for the rapid visual safety evaluation and damage classification of existing buildings

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JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING 2021年 43卷

作者： Harirchian, Ehsan Hosseini, Seyed Ehsan Aghakouchaki Jadhav, Kirti Kumari, Vandana Rasulzade, Shahla Isik, Ercan Wasif, Muhamad Lahmer, Tom Bauhaus Univ Weimar Inst Struct Mech ISM D-99423 Weimar Germany Auckland Univ Technol Sch Engn Comp & Math Sci Dept Built Environm Engn Auckland 1010 New Zealand Univ Kassel Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci Res Grp Theoret Comp Sci Formal Methods D-34131 Kassel Germany Bitlis Eren Univ Dept Civil Engn Fac Engn & Architecture Bitlis Turkey

Seismic vulnerability assessment of existing buildings is of great concern around the world. Different countries develop various approaches and methodologies to overcome the disastrous effects of earthquakes on the structural parameters of the building and the human losses. There are structures still in service with a high seismic vulnerability, which proposes an urgent need for a screening system's damageability grading system. rapid urbanization and the proliferation of slums give rise to improper construction practices that make the building stock's reliability ambiguous, including old structures that were constructed either when the seismic codes were not advanced or not enforced by law. Despite having a good knowledge of structural analysis, it is impractical to conduct detailed nonlinear analysis on each building in the target area to define their seismic vulnerability. This indicates the necessity of developing a rapid, reliable, and computationally easy method of seismic vulnerability assessment, more commonly known as rapid visual screening (RVS). This method begins with a walk-down survey by a trained evaluator, and an initial score is assigned to the structure. Further, the vulnerability parameters are defined (predictor variables), and the damage grades are defined. Various methods are then adopted to develop an optimum correlation between the parameters and damage grades. Soft Computing (SC) techniques including probabilistic approaches, meta-heuristics, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) theories such as artificial neural networks, machine learning, fuzzy logic, etc. due to their capabilities in targeting inherent imprecision of phenomena in real-world are among the most important and widely used approaches in this regard. In this paper, a comprehensive literature review of the most commonly used and newly developed innovative methodologies in RVS using powerful SC techniques has been presented to shed light on key factors, strengths, and applications of

关键词： Buildings Damage grade Soft computing techniques Statistical analysis Fuzzy logic model rapid visual screening Machine learning Artificial neural networks Vulnerability assessment

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GIS-Based Assessment of Seismic Vulnerability Information of Old Masonry Buildings Using a Mobile Data Validation System

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JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTED FACILITIES 2021年第3期35卷

作者： Sanri Karapinar, Isil Ozbay, Ayse Elif ozsoy Unen, Huseyin Can Maltepe Univ Dept Civil Engn Fac Nat Sci & Engn TR-34857 Istanbul Turkey MEF Univ Dept Civil Engn Fac Engn Maslak Ayazaga Cd 4 TR-34396 Istanbul Turkey

This study proposes a geographic information system (GIS)-based rapid visual screening approach for seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings in culturally and architecturally important historical regions. Through the application of the proposed methodology, a prioritization strategy for seismic vulnerability assessment of the heritage masonry buildings in Galata, a historical center of Istanbul, Turkey, was performed. This approach is based on an integrated methodology including a data collection process conducted through visual inspections and standard survey forms filled on site, generation of a georeferenced building database enabling the calculations and mapping of the vulnerability scores, and camera-based data validation process. The validation process provides an online collaborative mobile mapping system through georeferenced images gathered from the field. By the updatable data validation process, the reliability and efficiency of the GIS-based building database are enhanced by minimizing the errors during the visual screening and the cost of data correction due to reinspection is reduced.

关键词： Masonry buildings Geographic information system (GIS)-based database rapid visual screening Seismic vulnerability assessment Cultural heritage

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Applicability of the PTVA-4 model to evaluate the structural vulnerability of hospitals in Sri Lanka against tsunami

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RESILIENCE IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT 2020年第5期11卷 581-596页

作者： Harisuthan, Sathiyanathan Hasalanka, Hashan Kularatne, Devmini Siriwardana, Chandana Univ Moratuwa Dept Civil Engn Moratuwa Sri Lanka

Purpose This paper aims to identify the specific parameters in developing a framework to assess the structural vulnerability of hospital buildings in Sri Lanka against tsunami. Along with that, the adaptability and suitability of the existing global frameworks in the Sri Lankan context are to be assessed. Design/methodology/approach In this study, Papathoma tsunami vulnerability assessment (PTVA)-4 model was used as the base in developing the abovementioned framework. Its adaptability and suitability in assessing hospital buildings in the country were considered under the case studies conducted in six selected hospitals in the Southern coastal belt of Sri Lanka. Under these case studies, data collection was done using the rapid visual screening method where assessments were carried out through visual observations. The collected data were analyzed according to the aforementioned model for its suitability in evaluating the structural vulnerability of hospitals in Sri Lanka, against tsunami hazard. Findings From these case studies, it was identified that the use of the PTVA-4 model alone was insufficient to assess the structural vulnerability of the hospital buildings against the tsunami. Therefore, the model must be further improved with more relevant assessing attributes related to hospitals, suitable for the Sri Lankan context. Originality/value This paper identifies the specific structural assessment parameters required in assessing hospitals in the coastal belt of Sri Lanka, considering tsunami as the main hazard condition.

关键词： Structural vulnerability Hospitals Tsunami Hospital safety rapid visual screening Coastal region

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Physical seismic vulnerability assessment of neighborhood emphasizing on critical land uses

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY 2019年第2期10卷 176-187页

作者： Kheradmand, Mahnaz Jahangiri, Katayoun Sohrabizadeh, Sanaz Safarpour, Hamid Jazani, Reza Khani Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Sch Publ Hlth & Safety Dept Hlth Disasters & Emergencies Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci Tehran Iran

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the vulnerable factors in the neighborhood and vulnerability assessment of residential, medical center, school buildings, the road networks and the green spaces as vital and critical land uses to get general estimation of the situation for risk reduction planning. Design/methodology/approach Seismic vulnerability assessment of buildings was performed using the rapid visual screening data collection form of FEMA P 154 (2015). The assessment of the road was carried out using an empirical model, and the condition of the green spaces was assessed complying with standards using GIS. Findings The results of research indicated that about 37 percent of selected residential buildings, 81.08 percent of schools and two health care centers are likely to be vulnerable to earthquake. Originality/value Based on the results of this study, many of the structures should be further evaluated. Strengthening of poor-resistant elements of the roads is recommended and must be in order. Although the green spaces are well distributed in the neighborhood, they are ill-equipped of necessary facilities and their development is also recommended.

关键词： Neighborhood Critical land use rapid visual screening Seismic vulnerability assessment

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