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Serial decoding of rateless code over noisy channels

Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2011年第10期12卷 855-866页

作者： Ke-di WU Zhao-yang ZHANG Shao-lei CHEN Sheng-tian YANG Pei-liang QIU Institute of Information and Communication Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Self-employed at Zhengyuan Xiaoqu 10-2-101 Hangzhou 310011 China

rateless code usually generates a potentially infinite number of coded packets at the encoder and collects enough packets at the decoder to ensure reliable recovery of multiple information *** conventional rateless decoder usually works in a parallel manner which needs to initiate a new belief propagation (BP) decoding procedure upon each newly received collection of coded packets,thereby resulting in prohibitive decoding complexity in *** this paper,we present a novel serial decoding algorithm,i.e.,the serial storage belief propagation (SS BP) algorithm,for rateless codes over noisy ***,upon receiving a new group of coded packets,the decoder initiates a new attempt to decode all the packets received so far,using the results of the previous attempt as initial ***,in each iteration of the new attempt,the decoder serially propagates the messages group by group from the most recent one to the earliest *** this way,the newly updated messages can be propagated faster,expediting the recovery of information *** addition,the proposed serial decoding algorithm has significantly lower complexity than the existing parallel decoding *** results validate its effectiveness in AWGN,Rayleigh,and Rician fading channels.

关键词： rateless code Fountain codes Serial decoding Noisy channel

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Joint Network-Channel Coding with rateless code in Two-Way Relay Systems

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2013年第7期12卷 3158-3169页

作者： Zhang, Yu Zhang, Zhaoyang Yin, Rui Yu, Guanding Wang, Wei Zhejiang Univ Dept Informat Sci & Elect Engn Hangzhou 310003 Zhejiang Peoples R China

In this paper, we propose a three-stage rateless coded protocol for a half-duplex time-division two-way relay system, where two terminals send messages to each other through a relay between them. In the protocol, each terminal takes one of the first two stages respectively to encode its message using rateless code and broadcast the result until the relay acknowledges successful decoding. During the third stage, the relay combines and re-encodes both messages with a joint network-channel coding scheme based on rateless coding which provides incremental redundancy. Together with the packets received directly in previous stages, each terminal then retrieves the desired message using an iterative decoder. The degree profiles of the specific rateless codes, i.e., Raptor codes, implemented at both terminals and the relay, are jointly optimized for both the AWGN channel and the Rayleigh block fading channel through solving a set of linear programming problems. Simulation results show that, the system throughput as well as the error rate achieved by the optimized degree profiles always outperforms those achieved by the conventional degree profile optimized for Binary Erasure Channel (BEC) and the previous network coding scheme with rateless codes.

关键词： Two-way relay channel rateless code network coding joint network-channel coding

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Message propagation decoder with error correction code based on rateless code under partial information

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IET COMMUNICATIONS 2014年第15期8卷 2659-2665页

作者： Niu Fanglin Wang Hongyu Lei Chen Dalian Univ Technol Sch Elect & Informat Engn Dalian 116023 Peoples R China Liaoning Univ Technol Electron & Informat Engn Coll Jinzhou 121001 Peoples R China China Criminal Police Coll Dept Publ Secur Intelligence Shenyang 110035 Liaoning Peoples R China

The receiver with message propagation (MP) decoder algorithm realises the decoding of traditional Luby transform (LT) encoded packages when there is only one unknown packet adjacent to the encoded package. Error packets can be recovered by decoding with jointing product code composed of shifted Luby transform (SLT)-encoded package and error packets. In this study, error correction scheme based on single feedback of SLT-encoded package was adopted for the recovery of received partial error packets over the erasure channel. The scheme of an MP decoder with an error correction code was proposed, and expand shifted robust soliton distribution (ESRSD) appropriate for the scheme feature was designed. Experimental results indicate that the scheme effectively improves the efficiency of the decoder. Compared with the traditional shifted robust soliton distribution, the ESRSD has better decoding performance for the LT code.

关键词： message switching error correction codes radio receivers packet switching wavelet transforms channel coding message propagation decoder algorithm error correction code rateless code partial information receiver packet adjacent package encoding error packet recovery jointing product code shifted Luby transform error correction scheme SLT-encoded package received partial error packet erasure channel MP decoder algorithm expand shifted robust soliton distribution ESRSD LT code

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A Novel Structure of HTTP Adaptive Streaming Based on Unequal Error Protection rateless code

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IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION AND SYSTEMS 2014年第11期E97D卷 2903-2911页

作者： Shen, Yun Liu, Yitong Liu, Jing Yang, Hongwen Yang, Dacheng Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Wireless Theories & Technol Lab Beijing 100876 Peoples R China

In this paper, we design an Unequal Error Protection (UEP) rateless code with special coding graph and apply it to propose a novel HTTP adaptive streaming based on UEP rateless code (HASUR). Our designed UEP rateless code provides high diversity on decoding probability and priority for data in different important level with overhead smaller than 0.27. By adopting this UEP rateless channel coding and scalable video source coding, our HASUR ensures symbols with basic quality to be decoded first to guarantee fluent playback experience. Besides, it also provides multiple layers to ensure the most suitable quality for fluctuant bandwidth and packet loss rate (PLR) without estimating them in advance. We evaluate our HASUR against the alternative solutions. Simulation results show that HASUR provides higher video quality and more adapts to bandwidth and PLR than other two commercial schemes under End-to-End transmission.

关键词： adaptive streaming decode probability and priority overhead rateless code unequal error protection video quality

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Joint Network-Channel Coding with rateless code over Multiple Access Relay System

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2013年第1期12卷 320-332页

作者： Zhang, Yu Zhang, Zhaoyang Zhejiang Univ Dept Informat Sci & Elect Engn Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang Peoples R China

In this paper, we consider an asymmetric time-division multiple access relay system consisting of two sources, one relay and one destination, where the channel conditions and message lengths of the two sources are allowed to be different. To enhance the link robustness and the system throughput, joint network-channel coding (JNCC) is employed with a specially designed rateless code which conducts both the channel coding and network coding simultaneously. In particular, at the sources, messages are rateless coded and then broadcasted to the relay and destination. While at the relay, a novel two-dimensional (2 - D) LT code is proposed, which jointly encodes the precoded message bits of the two sources using a 2 - D degree profile and at the meantime completes the network coding inherently. Interestingly, the proposed scheme can be degraded to several conventional JNCC schemes based on rateless coding. To further approach the theoretical limit, the corresponding degree profiles implemented at both sources and the relay are jointly designed based on the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) function analysis. Simulations show that our proposed JNCC scheme with the optimized degree profiles outperforms other JNCC schemes with the conventional profiles both on the BER and throughput performances.

关键词： Joint network-channel coding multiple access relay system rateless code 2-D LT code

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rateless code Profiles Design for Uplink C-RAN under Block Fading Channel 10

Rateless Code Profiles Design for Uplink C-RAN under Block F...

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10th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)

作者： Zhang, Yu Xu, Jiali Peng, Hong Lu, Weidang Hua, Jingyu Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Informat Engn Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China Zhejiang Gongshang Univ Sch Informat & Elect Engn Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538661192

This paper considers a single user uplink transmission system based on rateless code in Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) under block fading channel. The system consists of a single user, a cluster of remote radio heads (RRHs), and a building base-band unit (BBU) pool. The user encodes the messages with rateless code and sends them to RRHs. Each RRH quantizes the received signals and uploads them to the BBU pool through the high speed fronthaul link. BBU pool applies the belief propagation (BP) algorithm for joint decompression and decoding of the received signals. With only the knowledge of the statistics of the channel states, we design the universally good degree profile adopted at the user based on the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) analysis 11)r the decoding process at the BBU. The simulation results show that, compared with the conventional BEC degree profile, the rateless code with the optimized degree profile achieves a better performance in the metric of average system throughput.

关键词： block fading rateless code cloud radio access network

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An H-ARQ transmission scheme based on rateless code

An H-ARQ transmission scheme based on rateless code

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6th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID)

作者： Wang, Yin Lei, Weijia Xie, Xianzhong Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun Inst Personal Commun Chongqing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769550794

In the traditional cross-layer redundancy optimization allocation, the system can't fully adapt the time-varying channel, so an H-ARQ transmission mechanism based on rateless code is proposed in this paper. The source uses LT-code as error-erasure code to encode the original packets in the packet-level, every bit of one coded packets is encoded by using LT-code as error-correction code in physical layer. The Receiver can set an upper limit value of the received bits to control decoding overhead, it sends a feedback to the source when the receiver decodes all the bits of a coded packet successfully, and otherwise it will discard the coded packet and send a feedback. Simulation results show that our mechanism improves the transmission efficiency greatly comparing to the mechanism with constant rate for coding transmission.

关键词： rateless code H-ARQ error-erasure code error-correction code

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Design of GEO/LEO Double-Layered Satellite Network Based on rateless code for Global Information Distribution 10th

Design of GEO/LEO Double-Layered Satellite Network Based on ...

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10th European-Alliance-for-Innovation (EAI) International Conference on Wireless and Satellite Systems (WiSATS)

作者： Wang, Chuang Bian, Dongming Xu, Xingchen Cheng, Jian Li, Feilong Army Engn Univ PLA Nanjing 210007 Peoples R China Troops 31006 PLA Beijing 100030 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030191535;9783030191528

This paper proposes a double-layered satellite network based on the rateless code, which can globally distribute the information with a few satellites. The satellite network is composed of Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. The GEO satellites which cover the low and middle latitudes serve as the backbone network, whereas the LEO satellites are considered the enhanced network to make up for the shortage of the backbone network. Due to the interruption tolerance of the rateless code, only a few satellites are employed to achieve worldwide information distribution in the design of the satellite network. The coverage performance and the average elevation angle of the user are simulated, and results demonstrate that the network can achieve globally information distribution.

关键词： Satellite communication rateless code Double-layered network Information distribution

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AWGN信道上rateless code的研究

AWGN信道上Rateless Code的研究

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作者：霍媛圆浙江大学

学位级别：硕士

频谱共享无线通信是未来无线通信技术发展的必然趋势和要求。它能够使得多个异构、具有不同体制或分属于不同运营商的通信系统可以动态和机会式地访问同一共享频段,实现频谱授权用户和/或非授权用户可靠、和谐地共存,从而有效解决可用... 详细信息

频谱共享无线通信是未来无线通信技术发展的必然趋势和要求。它能够使得多个异构、具有不同体制或分属于不同运营商的通信系统可以动态和机会式地访问同一共享频段,实现频谱授权用户和/或非授权用户可靠、和谐地共存,从而有效解决可用无线频谱资源日益匮乏的迫切问题,同时显著提高现有频谱资源的利用效率。 rateless code是一种无速率约束码,它具有三个重要属性:自适应链路速率适配、rateless属性(流属性)以及桶积水效应。rateless code可用来有效实现频谱共享无线传输链路中的干扰避免、干扰抑制和干扰消除,以及完成链路建立和多接入控制等,为有效实现频谱共享和多无线电共存提供新的技术途径。本文基于除删信道上的rateless code以及AWGN信道上LDPC码的相关技术,提出了适合于AWGN信道的rateless code——AR(Accumulative rateless)code,为AWGN信道上rateless code的研究作出了一定的贡献。本文首先研究了LDPC码的相关技术。研究了LDPC码的分析优化工具——密度进化,包括AWGN信道上LDPC码的三种密度进化:BP译码算法的密度进化、BP译码算法密度进化的高斯近似、离散域上的密度进化,仿真分析表明离散域上的密度进化是一种复杂度低且性能较好的密度进化方法;然后介绍了一种新的LDPC码——IRA码,提出了IRA码的离散域上的密度进化分析方法;最后研究了LDPC码Tanner图的生成工具——PEG(Progressive Edge-Growth)算法,略作修改后提出了IRA码的信息节点PEG算法,进而提出了IRA码的校验节点PEG算法,仿真分析证明了在采用随机选择的情况下IRA码的校验节点PEG算法对于信息节点PEG算法是没有性能损失的。本文接着转入了AWGN信道上rateless code的研究。首先定义了一种适合于AWGN信道非级联形式的rateless code——AR code,并详述了它的编译码方法,它的核心思想是在LT code的编码器后面再添加一个累加器,以使得Tanner图中编码节点的度数不再为1,从而解决了LT code工作于AWGN信道的“差错平台”问题;然后提出了两种易于实现且性能较好的AR code:信息节点度数分布类均匀的AR code和某个码率处信息节点度数分布受限的AR code;最后仿真对比了ARcode和LT code在AWGN信道上的性能,证明信息节点度数分布类均匀的AR code和某个码率处信息节点度数分布受限的AR code均能很好的解决LT code工作于AWGN信道的“差错平台”问题,而且某个码率处信息节点度数分布受限的ARcode的性能甚至明显优于LT code,基于某个码率处信息节点度数分布受限的ARcode提出了进一步优化AR code的思路。本文最后研究了AR code的译码算法。首先研究了串行BP译码算法,利用仿真分析得出了它的收敛速度比并行BP译码算法快的结论,因为两种BP算法每次迭代的复杂度几乎相同,进而得出了串行BP算法的复杂度低于并行BP算法的结论;然后针对AR code的校验节点会不断增多的特点提出了将按校验节点划分的串行BP算法作为AR code的译码算法,这样既可以降低复杂度,又可以增加译码灵活性;最后提出了AR code的一种渐进译码算法——保留校验节点消息的渐进译码算法,并仿真证明了这种算法可以进一步降低AR code译码算法的复杂度。

关键词： rateless code LDPC码 IRA码密度进化 PEG算法 AR code 串行BP译码算法渐进译码算法

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Design of Encoding Algorithm for Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Based on Spinal code

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JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2025年第3期13卷 522-522页

作者： Yu, Xiaoyang Yu, Min Zhou, Yun Chen, Tianwei Wuhan Univ Technol Sch Informat Engn Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Technol Sch Ship Sea & Energy Power Engn Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China Wuhan Inst Shipbldg Technol Wuhan 430050 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Technol Sch Safety Sci & Emergency Management Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China

The marine environment is complex and variable, with the absorption and scattering effects of seawater and turbulence causing significant attenuation of received optical signals and introducing random jitter, which limits the communication range and stability of underwater wireless optical communication systems. This paper presents the Superposition UEP-Spinal code structure, which utilizes unequal error protection (UEP) to adjust the transmission performance of different types of information in underwater composite data communication by adjusting the superposition weighting factors in the encoding algorithm. This encoding method enhances the noise immunity of important data, and with the same bandwidth utilization, the overall decoding complexity is reduced by 13.3% compared to the previously improved Spinal code encoding algorithm. The results show that the Superposition UEP-Spinal code provides a more stable, reliable, and efficient communication solution for underwater wireless optical communication systems with randomly varying channel conditions.

关键词： underwater wireless optical communication rateless code spinal code unequal error protection

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