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11th International Conference on Urban Drainage Modelling (UDM)

作者： Oberascher, Martin Zischg, Jonatan Palermo, Stefania Anna Kinzel, Carolina Rauch, Wolfgang Sitzenfrei, Robert Univ Innsbruck Dept Infrastruct Engn Unit Environm Engn Innsbruck Austria Univ Calabria Dept Civil Engn Arcavacata Di Rende Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783319998671;9783319998664

Rain barrels are micro-scale applications which are used as temporary storage and for rainwater harvesting. They can be easily implemented into existing stormwater infrastructure. Recent advances in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) have opened up new possibilities for real-time monitoring and control of such structures, that enable the reduction of urban flooding or combined sewer overflows. The special feature of our smart rain barrel is its integration into a pilot project for smart cities, where every water inflow and outflow of the university campus in Innsbruck (Austria) is measured. Weather forecasts and time-controlled filling levels of different Low Impact Developments (LID) structures and the connected sewer system are used for real-time control (RTC). In a first step, the smart rain barrels are implemented into a SWMM-model with the objective of reducing the peak runoff rate by using the filling level in the main conduit as the control variable for real-time control. Results show that depending on the installation site and the storage volume of the rain barrel, a flood volume reduction of 18-40% can be achieved although only a simplified automatic control system has been implemented.

关键词： LID Smart cities real-time monitoring and control Peak flow reduction

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real-time Voltage Instability Indicator (RVII): Enhancements and Case Studies

Real-time Voltage Instability Indicator (RVII): Enhancements...

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IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)

作者： Madani, Vahid Anilkumar, Rahul Jiang, Tony Avramovic, Boza Novosel, Damir Pacific Gas & Elect Co San Francisco CA 94106 USA Quanta Technol Raleigh NC USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538624531

real-time Voltage Instability Indicator (RVII) belongs to the class of measurement based voltage stability indicators that are real-time, model-free, and run at synchrophasor rates. These features allow RVII to react instantly to changes in the system, detect imminent instability, and serve as a defense mechanism against critical conditions. The foundation of RVII is based on the principles of maximum power transfer and Thevenin equivalents, which make it adaptive and scalable for use in advanced features including extrapolation, prediction, and model based contingency analysis initiation. This paper describes improvements to these advanced features, with practical use cases presented using a combination of results from offline and online testing through integration at Pacific Gas and Electric Proof of Concept facility.

关键词： Maximum Power Transfer Voltage Instability Detection and Prediction Thevenin Equivalent real-time monitoring and control Synchronized Measurements

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Multi-Wavelength Based Optical Density Sensor for Autonomous monitoring of Microalgae

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SENSORS 2015年第9期15卷 22234-22248页

作者： Jia, Fei Kacira, Murat Ogden, Kimberly L. Univ Arizona Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn Tucson AZ 85721 USA Univ Arizona Dept Chem & Environm Engn Tucson AZ 85721 USA

A multi- wavelength based optical density sensor unit was designed, developed, and evaluated to monitor microalgae growth in real time. The system consisted of five main components including: ( 1) laser diode modules as light sources;( 2) photodiodes as detectors;( 3) driver circuit;( 4) flow cell;and ( 5) sensor housing temperature controller. The sensor unit was designed to be integrated into any microalgae culture system for both real time and non- real time optical density measurements and algae growth monitoring applications. It was shown that the sensor unit was capable of monitoring the dynamics and physiological changes of the microalgae culture in real- time. Algae biomass concentration was accurately estimated with optical density measurements at 650, 685 and 780 nm wavelengths used by the sensor unit. The sensor unit was able to monitor cell concentration as high as 1.05 g center dot L- 1 ( 1.51 x 108 cells . mL- 1) during the culture growth without any sample preparation for the measurements. Since high cell concentrations do not need to be diluted using the sensor unit, the system has the potential to be used in industrial microalgae cultivation systems for real time monitoring and control applications that can lead to improved resource use efficiency.

关键词： optical density multi-wavelength microalgae real-time monitoring and control

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Inheritance and polymorphism in real-time monitoring and control systems

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JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING 2000年第3期11卷 285-294页

作者： Lee, AKC Ip, WH Yung, KL Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Mfg Engn Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China

Most recent researches into an object oriented design approach for the development of real-time Supervisory control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) applications have concentrated on object identification and object classification. These techniques, however, may only be considered as an object-based paradigm. In the true object-oriented paradigm, object characteristics such as data encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism must also be considered. This paper introduces a design paradigm for developing a SCADA system through the true object oriented design methodology. To complete the design, a hierarchical object-oriented design (HOOD) tree is used to map the physical shop floor layout to a logical layout for formulating the basic object hierarchy. The active components and control logic in the SCADA models are manipulated by a newly derived script language called control-C++ proposed by the author. To verify the proposed model, a newly designed software system is implemented and justified in terms of system completeness and soundness.

关键词： SCADA HOOD real-time monitoring and control control C plus inheritance polymorphism

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Process monitoring of semiconductor thin films and interfaces by spectroellipsometry

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APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE 2000年 154卷 283-290页

作者： Brenot, R Drévillon, B Bulkin, P Roca i Cabarrocas, P Vanderhaghen, R Ecole Polytech Phys Interfaces & Couches Minces Lab CNRS UMR 7647 F-91128 Palaiseau France

real-time monitoring of the growth of plasma deposited microcrystalline silicon (mu c-Si:H) by multi-wavelength phase-modulated ellipsometry is presented. Several growth models for process-monitoring are reviewed. In particular the inhomogeneity in mu c-Si layers is treated by allowing graded-index profile in the bulk. Using the Bruggeman effective medium theory, we describe the optical properties of mu c-Si and the monitoring of the crystallinity in the upper and lower parts of the layer, and the thickness. The inversion algorithm is very fast, with calculation times within 5 s using typical PC. This method opens up ways for precise control of surface roughness, bulk thickness, and crystallization of both the top and bottom interfaces of the layer during processing devices such as solar cells and thin film transistors. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： mu c-Si PECVD gradient-index real-time monitoring and control

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Process monitoring of semiconductor thin films and interfaces by spectroellipsometry

Process monitoring of semiconductor thin films and interface...

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Conference on Photodetectors - Materials and Devices IV

作者： Brenot, R Drévillon, B Ecole Polytech UMR 7647 CNRS Phys Interfaces & Couches Minces Lab F-91128 Palaiseau France

ISBN: (纸本)0819430994

real-time monitoring by multiwavelength phase modulated ellipsometry (PME) of the growth of plasma deposited microcrystalline Silicon (mu c-Si) is presented. Several growth models for process-monitoring are reviewed, and in particular the inhomogeneity in the mu c-Si layer is treated by allowing graded-index profile in the bulk. By also using the Bruggeman effective medium theory to describe the optical properties of mu c-Si, the monitoring of the crystallinity in the upper and lower part of the layer, together with the thickness is demonstrated. The inversion algorithms is very fast, with calculation times within 5 seconds using a standard Pentium computer. This opens up for precise control of surface roughness, bulk thickness, and crystallisation of both the top and bottom interfaces of the layer during the elaboration of devices such as solar cells and thin film transistors.

关键词： mu c-Si PECVD gradient-index real-time monitoring and control

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Spectroscopic ellipsometry: a historical overview

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THIN SOLID FILMS 1998年第1-2期313卷 1-9页

作者： Vedam, K Penn State Univ Mat Res Lab University Pk PA 16802 USA Penn State Univ Dept Phys University Pk PA 16802 USA

The historical development of spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) from the very early stages to the present will be briefly reviewed. It is shown that SE is a truly powerful technique of great interest and use to physicists, chemists, electrochemists, electrical and chemical engineers, etc., as will be evident from the following few of the many reasons. (a) Firstly, the full spectra of the ellipsometric parameters Delta and Psi as a function of wavelength from UV to IR can now be determined with a high degree of precision and accuracy in a few seconds. (b) Such data can also be processed to provide (i) the most accurate values to date of the dielectric functions (i.e. the real and the imaginary parts of the optical dielectric constant as a function of wavelength) of semiconductors, metals and even wide band gap materials available only as thin films;(ii) depth-profiles of interfaces, thin films and multilayer structures with almost atomic resolution;(iii) the composition for any layers (bulk, interface, or surface) that are composites or alloys;(iv) the microroughness of the surface layer;and (v) the true near-surface temperature of the samples in their preparation chamber in the case of semiconductors. Furthermore, it will be shown that the above results obtained by SE are reliable and trustworthy, by the excellent corroboration with the results of XTEM, RES and AFM studies on the same multilayer structures. In real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE), which has just been developed and perfected, most of the above capabilities of SE can be achieved again through analysis of data collected in a matter of a few seconds, and hence RTSE is now ready for use in real-time monitoring and control during the growth of multilayer structures, thin films, etc. Thus the full potentialities and capabilities of this non-destructive, non-perturbing and non-invasive technique are yet to be realized. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A.

关键词： spectroscopic ellipsometry dielectric functions characterization of surfaces, interfaces real-time monitoring and control thin films multilayer structures non-destructive

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Smart Revenue Management and control System Based on Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Technology within an Airport Environment

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1997年第8期30卷 163-168页

作者： R. Lewis Sabounghi Tissa De Silva A.H. Soliman Senior Development Officer Transportation Development Centre Transport Canada 800 Rene Levesque West 6th Floor Montreal PQ H3E 1X9 Canada Fax: +514-283-7158 Associate Director Systems Division IBI Group 230 Richmond St. W. 5th Floor Toronto Ont. Can. M5V 1V6 +416-596-0644 Professor of Transportation Department of Civil Eng. University of Manitoba Room 303 Winnipeg Man. Can. R3T 2N2 +204-261-9534

When the Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) concept started it was simply an Electronic Tag. Today, with two-way communication capability, programmability and intelligence, it has graduated to a full fledged Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) System. Applications are numerous, from vehicle communications to fleet management. Being a “Duplex Batch” based system, the DSRC can support applications that do not require online communication, normally provided by cellular and satellite. This technology forms the backbone of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) deployments in Canada. This paper, one of a series of application papers, covers the use of the DSRC technology in a multi-modal ground transportation management system. The DSRC is enhanced with an on-board multi-interface device for vehicle and driver identification as well as character-display and voice synthesis for driver information.

关键词： Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) Multi-Modal Ground Transportation Management System Winnipeg International Airport Revenue Collection Module Pearson International Airport Toronto Canada Smart Revenue Management and control System Fleet control/Management Vehicle to Roadside Communications (VRC) real-time monitoring and control

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LEAKAGE REDUCTION AND SECURITY ENHANCEMENT FOR WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS BY ONLINE PRESSURE control

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CIVIL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS 1993年第1期10卷 55-75页

作者： XU, CC POWELL, RS Control Engineering Centre Brunei University Uxbridge UB8 3PH United States

This paper presents a method for operational leakage reduction and security enhancement of water distribution networks using optimised on-line control of pressure reducing valves and variable speed pumps. An earlier algorithm which uses valve control only has been extended to solve the combined problem of controlling valves and variable speed pumps, and furthermore, new hydraulic constraints have been added. The problem is formulated as an optimisation of the system pressure profile subject to the network hydraulic balance and system operational constraints. A solution technique based on successive linear programming is described. Sparsity techniques are employed to achieve computational efficiency. The effectiveness of the pressure control scheme is illustrated using an example network.

关键词： LEAKAGE REDUCTION SECURITY ENHANCEMENT OPTIMIZATION WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM PRESSURE control real-time monitoring and control

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