Lock-based resource sharing protocols for single processor systems are well understood and supported in programming languages such as Ada and the real-time Specification for Java, and in real-time Operating Systems, s...
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Lock-based resource sharing protocols for single processor systems are well understood and supported in programming languages such as Ada and the real-time Specification for Java, and in real-time Operating Systems, such as those that conform to the real-time POSIX standard. In contrast, multiprocessor resource sharing protocols are still in their infancy with no agreed best practices, and yet current real-time programming languages and operating systems claim to be suitable for multiprocessor applications. This paper reviews the currently available multiprocessor resource allocation policies and analyzes their applicability to the main industry standard real-time programming languages. It then proposes a framework that allows programmers to define and implement their own locking policy. A prototype implementation of the framework for Ada is presented and evaluated. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Digital transformation has increased the demand for skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals, to an extent that universities cannot satisfy it with newly graduated students. Furthermore, the economical downtu...
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Digital transformation has increased the demand for skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals, to an extent that universities cannot satisfy it with newly graduated students. Furthermore, the economical downturn has created difficulties and scarcity of opportunities in other areas of activity. This combination of factors led to the need to consider requalification programmes that enable individuals with diverse specialisations and backgrounds to realign their careers to the IT area. This has led to the creation of many coding bootcamps, providing intensive full-time courses focused on unemployed people or unhappy with their jobs, and individuals seeking a career change. A multidisciplinary group of higher education teachers, in collaboration with several industry stakeholders, have designed and promoted an embedded systems programming course, using an intensive project-based learning approach comprising 6 months of daylong classes and a 9 months internship. Having finished two editions of the programme, a questionnaire was presented to the students that finished successfully, in order to evaluate the long-term benefits to graduates and companies. This paper presents a brief discussion of the programme organisation and pedagogical methodologies, as well as the results of the questionnaire, conducted following a Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) approach. The results demonstrate very positive outcomes, both for graduates and companies.
The refinement calculus is a well-established theory for deriving program code from specifications. Recent research has extended the theory to handle timing requirements, as well as functional ones, and we have develo...
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The refinement calculus is a well-established theory for deriving program code from specifications. Recent research has extended the theory to handle timing requirements, as well as functional ones, and we have developed an interactive programming tool based on these extensions. Through a number of case studies completed using the tool, this paper explains how the tool helps the programmer by supporting the many forms of variables needed in the theory. These include simple state variables as in the untimed calculus, trace variables that model the evolution of properties over time, auxiliary variables that exist only to support formal reasoning, subroutine parameters, and variables shared between parallel processes.
The paper presents an efficient method for real-time image analysis for manoeuvring of the underwater robot. Image analysis is done after computing the structural tensor components which unveil rich texture and textur...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783319591629
The paper presents an efficient method for real-time image analysis for manoeuvring of the underwater robot. Image analysis is done after computing the structural tensor components which unveil rich texture and texture-less areas. To allow a power efficient underwater operation in real-time the method is implemented on the Jetson TK1 self-standing graphics card using the CUDA compute architecture. The laboratory experimental results show that the system is capable of processing about 40 Full HD images per second while allowing orientation toward texture specific regions for obstacle avoidance.
Existing human eye tracking research is based on the off-line sample training cascade classifier and the traditional tracking algorithm. However, it is difficult to adapt to situations where human eye is partially blo...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538666142
Existing human eye tracking research is based on the off-line sample training cascade classifier and the traditional tracking algorithm. However, it is difficult to adapt to situations where human eye is partially blocked, gets morphological changes or scale changes and so on. In order to solve these problems, the tracking-learning-detection algorithm for online single-target long-term tracking is used and improved. A novel eye tracking method-the human eye tracking-learning-detection algorithm with tracking feedback is proposed. The detection area is adjusted adaptively and narrowed by the tracking feedback. Above problems are solved, the interference of similar targets is avoided, and the speed of human eye tracking is enhanced. The experimental results show that the algorithm has high tracking accuracy and frames per second.
This paper deals with automation of a creep-testing machine mainly dedicated to research activities. The requirements linked to the machine were established by the material science researchers. These requirements were...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538654132
This paper deals with automation of a creep-testing machine mainly dedicated to research activities. The requirements linked to the machine were established by the material science researchers. These requirements were then addressed to mechatronic researchers and teachers. In order to enhance the link between research activities and training in the engineering school linked to the research laboratory, students projects of Master degree driven by researchers were proposed. These projects were totally multi-disciplinary, mobilizing knowledge acquired by students during their cursus in the school. Several items were developed by students: automation, mechanics, power electronics and real-time programming.
Tremendous traffic on the Internet exhibits ON/OFF patterns. In the past, the generation of such ON/OFF traffic was mainly attributed to TCP and application characteristics. Nowadays, however, much traffic is often in...
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Tremendous traffic on the Internet exhibits ON/OFF patterns. In the past, the generation of such ON/OFF traffic was mainly attributed to TCP and application characteristics. Nowadays, however, much traffic is often intentionally shaped into an ON/OFF pattern for achieving certain optimized system performance or resulting from characteristics of some new applications. In this article, we present a comprehensive survey on the ON/OFF traffic shaping in the current Internet. We first introduce the motivations behind ON/OFF traffic shaping in different fields based on different system optimization objectives and application characteristics. We then introduce the impacts of ON/OFF traffic on packet drop probability, real-time applications, and also its interaction with TCP's congestion control mechanism. We further present a survey on existing mechanisms for mitigating these impacts in various aspects. We introduce how each of these mechanisms works, and discuss their merits and deficiencies. Finally, we conclude this article with some future directions for ON/OFF traffic shaping in the Internet.
The article discusses a study that examined the feasibility and outcomes of audio diaries assessed within the interactive voice response system (IVRS). Topics discussed include high audio adherence, the emotional resp...
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The article discusses a study that examined the feasibility and outcomes of audio diaries assessed within the interactive voice response system (IVRS). Topics discussed include high audio adherence, the emotional responses expressed, real-time audio diaries, and the need for future sun protection research to explore interactions between static decision factors and real-time decision factors that audio diaries can capture.
Energy saving and high reliability are two key concerns in the design of realtime systems. However, high reliability and low energy consumption are conflicting objects, and they are generally contrasted with temporal...
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Energy saving and high reliability are two key concerns in the design of realtime systems. However, high reliability and low energy consumption are conflicting objects, and they are generally contrasted with temporal correctness. In this paper, we propose comparing reliability-ignorant and reliability-aware power management schemes with statistical model checking approach using UPPAAL-SMC. The power management schemes and the relevant components are modeled in the form of stochastic timed automata. And the analysis objectives are expressed as verification queries. With the model and queries as inputs, UPPAAL-SMC returns the probability of system failure and the expected value of energy consumption. In this analysis, we have considered three reliability-ignorant power management schemes and two reliability-aware power management schemes. Based on the comparative study, we provided guidelines for choosing the suitable scheme for a given system. One thing that should be emphasized is that our methodology is not limited to the schemes involved in this paper. The modeling and evaluating procedure can be applied to analyse other energy management schemes in practical application.
real-time path planning for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a very difficult and challenging task. Bioinspired neural network (BINN) has been used to deal with this problem for its many distinct advantages: tha...
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real-time path planning for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a very difficult and challenging task. Bioinspired neural network (BINN) has been used to deal with this problem for its many distinct advantages: that is, no learning process is needed and realization is also easy. However, there are some shortcomings when BINN is applied to AUV path planning in a three-dimensional (3D) unknown environment, including complex computing problem when the environment is very large and repeated path problem when the size of obstacles is bigger than the detection range of sensors. To deal with these problems, an improved dynamic BINN is proposed in this paper. In this proposed method, the AUV is regarded as the core of the BINN and the size of the BINN is based on the detection range of sensors. Then the BINN will move with the AUV and the computing could be reduced. A virtual target is proposed in the path planning method to ensure that the AUV can move to the real target effectively and avoid big-size obstacles automatically. Furthermore, a target attractor concept is introduced to improve the computing efficiency of neural activities. Finally, some experiments are conducted under various 3D underwater environments. The experimental results show that the proposed BINN based method can deal with the real-time path planning problem for AUV efficiently.
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