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real-time coding method and tool for artefact-centric interaction analysis in co-design situations assisted by augmented reality

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERACTIVE DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING - IJIDEM 2020年第4期14卷 1141-1157页

作者： Masclet, C. Poulin, M. Boujut, J. F. Becattini, N. Univ Grenoble Alpes G SCOP Grenoble INP CNRS F-38000 Grenoble France Politecn Milan Dept Mech Engn Milan Italy

This paper presents and discusses a fast and efficient method to study artefact-centric interactions in co-design sessions. The method is particularly useful for exploring the introduction of augmented reality (AR) environments since AR application representations combine both digital content and physical content, transforming the way users interact with the design object. Although protocol analysis is extensively used in cognitive studies of design, it is a time-consuming and cumbersome method and hence unsuitable for extensive analysis in industrial environments. Our real-time coding method makes it possible to perform "on-the-fly" coding of physical interactions in co-design sessions. Focusing on quantifying interaction occurrences, our results are consistent with those obtained with post-session coding. Internal validity was assessed using relevant statistical tests. Based on the data collected in co-design sessions we show how aggregate results, especially timelines and interaction densities, can be displayed rapidly at the end of each session. This research paves the way for a more general implementation of real-time coding of collaborative work sessions in industrial situations.

关键词： Co-design Collaborative design real-time coding Artefact-centric interaction Gesture analysis Augmented reality Mixed artefact

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real-time coding of Gauss-Markov Sources over Burst Erasure Channels

Real-Time Coding of Gauss-Markov Sources over Burst Erasure ...

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Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing

作者： Farrokh Etezadi Ashish Khisti University of Toronto

ISBN: (纸本)9781467345378

We study real-time coding of Gauss-Markov sources over burst-erasure channels. A time-invariant encoder sequentially compresses a sequence of vector Gaussian sources, which are spatially i.i.d. and temporally correlated according to a Gauss-Markov model. The channel is a burst erasure channel that erases up to B packets in a single burst. The decoder is interested in instantaneously reconstructing all the source sequences within a quadratic (mean square error) distortion D, except for packets lost in the erasure burst window. We study the minimum achievable rate for the encoder under these constraints and define it as the lossy rate-recovery function R(B,D). We develop lower and upper bounds for the function and observe that the bounds coincide in the high resolution limit. Numerical comparisons indicate that the proposed joint source-channel coding scheme provides significant gains over a separation based scheme.

关键词： real-time coding time coding ENCODER Packet BURSTS decoders Upper bound High definition

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Structure Theorems for real-time Variable Rate coding With and Without Side Information

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY 2012年第12期58卷 7135-7153页

作者： Kaspi, Yonatan Merhav, Neri Technion Israel Inst Technol Dept Elect Engn IL-32000 Haifa Israel

The output of a discrete Markov source is to be encoded instantaneously by a variable-rate encoder and decoded by a finite-state decoder. Our performance measure is a linear combination of the distortion and the instantaneous rate. Structure theorems, pertaining to the encoder and next-state functions, are derived for every given finite-state decoder, which can have access to side information.

关键词： Finite-state decoder Markov decision process Markov source real-time coding side information sliding window variable-rate coding

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OpenHardwareVC: An Open Source Library for 8K UHD Video coding Hardware Implementation 22

OpenHardwareVC: An Open Source Library for 8K UHD Video Codi...

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30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM)

作者： Gao, Wei Yuan, Hang Guo, Yang Tao, Lvfang Cai, Zhanyuan Li, Ge Peking Univ Shenzhen Grad Sch Shenzhen Peoples R China Peng Cheng Lab Shenzhen Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450392037

The hardware-accelerated real-time compression of 8K Ultra-High-Definition (UHD) video is an exemplary application that empowered by the latest video coding standard. However, the coding tools added to the recently released third-generation audio video coding standard (AVS3) greatly increase the coding complexity, which seriously hinders the efficient implementation of hardware encoder. In order to break the known bottleneck, this paper presents the first open source software library for 8K UHD video coding hardware implementation, namely OpenHardwareVC. Specifically, based on the analysis of the original AVS3 software algorithm, we provide the hardware acceleration designs of the four major coding stages, including coding unit (CU) partition, intra prediction, transform and entropy coding, in this library. Simulation results on Xilinx VU440 FPGA show that the real-time compression of 8K UHD videos at 30 frames per second (fps) can be easily supported based on software-described modules packaged in this library. The release of this library is quite favorable for the hardware design and system implementation of UHD video coding, which is also beneficial to the promotion of the new coding standard. The open source library for OpenHardwareVC is available at https://***/OpenHardwareVC.

关键词： video coding real-time coding 8K UHD open source software hardware implementation

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A Fast Fractional Motion Estimation Algorithm and Architecture for H.264/AVC Multiview Video coding

A Fast Fractional Motion Estimation Algorithm and Architectu...

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55th IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)

作者： Chang, Yuan-Teng Chung, Wen-Hao Ind Technol Res Inst Informat & Commun Res Labs Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781467325271

This paper presents a fast fractional motion estimation (FME) and the associated VLSI architecture for H.264/AVC multiview video coding. The proposed FME automatically turns off the mode P8x8 by exploiting the results of integer motion estimation and similarity between views. In addition, the fraction-pel refinement of integer motion or disparity vector in any partition may be skipped according to the difference of their rate-distortion cost. This algorithm accelerates the FME by nearly 50% with negligible PSNR degradation and bitrate increase. The resultant FME can process a macroblock within 612 clock cycles, enough to achieve real-time coding for the stereoscopic HD1080p video sequences operating at frequency of 300 MHz.

关键词： motion estimation ARCHITECTURE Building construction Bit rate Video coding Rate distortion real-time coding time coding Integer Fasting

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real-time coded measures in natural language samples capture change over time in minimally verbal autistic children

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AUTISM RESEARCH 2024年第6期17卷 1287-1293页

作者： La Valle, Chelsea Shen, Lue Shih, Wendy Kasari, Connie Lord, Catherine Tager-Flusberg, Helen Boston Univ Dept Psychol & Brain Sci Boston MA 02215 USA Boston Univ Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci Boston MA USA Univ Calif Los Angeles Semel Inst Ctr Autism Res & Treatment Los Angeles CA USA Univ Calif Los Angeles Semel Inst Neurosci & Human Behav Los Angeles CA USA

Prior research supports the use of natural language sampling (NLS) to assess the rate of speech utterances (URate) and the rate of conversational turns (CTRate) in minimally verbal (MV) autistic children. Bypassing time-consuming transcription, previous work demonstrated the ability to derive URate and CTRate using real-time coding methods and provided support for their strong psychometric properties. (1) Unexplored is how URate and CTRate using real-time coding methods capture change over time and (2) whether specific child factors predict changes in URate and CTRate in 50 MV autistic children (40 males;M = 75.54, SD = 16.45 (age in months)). A NLS was collected at time 1 (T1) and time 2 (T2) (4.5 months between T1 and T2) and coding was conducted in ELAN Linguistic Annotator software using a real-time coding approach to derive URate and CTRate. Findings from paired samples Wilcoxon tests revealed a significant increase in child URate (not examiner URate) and child and examiner CTRate from T1 to T2. Child chronological age, Mullen expressive language age equivalent scores, and URate and CTRate at T1 were predictive of URate and CTRate at T2. Findings support using NLS-derived real-time coded measures of URate and CTRate to efficiently capture change over time in MV autistic children. Identifying child factors that predict changes in URate and CTRate can help in the tailoring of goals to children's individual needs and strengths. Natural language sampling (NLS) provides a useful approach to capture minimally verbal (MV) autistic children's everyday abilities. We explored whether NLS-derived measures coded in real-time could capture change and whether specific child factors predict changes in our NLS measures over time. We found an increase in children's rate of speech utterances (not examiner) and children's and examiners rate of conversational turns over time. Child age, rate of speech utterances and conversational turns, and expressive language scores from standar

关键词： autism minimally verbal natural language sampling real-time coding speech utterances conversational turns

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Signal Estimation over Channels with SNR Constraints and Feedback

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2011年第1期44卷 8963-8968页

作者： Erik Johannesson Automatic Control LTH Lund University Sweden

Abstract We consider the problem of designing optimal linear encoders and decoders for estimation and transmission of a signal over an analog communication channel with additive noise and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) constraint. The objective is to minimize the variance of the estimation error at the receiving end, subject to a real-time constraint. It has been previously shown that, for channels without feedback, a solution can be obtained by solving a mixed norm minimization problem and performing a spectral factorization, see Johannesson et al. (2010b). In this paper, these results are extended to the case when the encoder has access to feedback from the channel output. This results in improved performance, which is demonstrated by a numerical example.

关键词： Control under communication constraints Control over networks real-time coding Encoder-decoder design

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GPU-BASED OPTIMIZATION FOR SAMPLE ADAPTIVE OFFSET IN HEVC

GPU-BASED OPTIMIZATION FOR SAMPLE ADAPTIVE OFFSET IN HEVC

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Yang Wang Xun Guo Yan Lu Xiaopeng Fan Debin Zhao Harbin Institute of Technology Microsoft Research

ISBN: (纸本)9781467399623

The latest high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard achieves about 50% bit-rate reduction at equivalent visual quality compared to H.264/AVC. Sample adaptive offset (SAO) is one of the newly adopted tools right after deblocking filter, which can improve both coding efficiency and visual quality. However, for real-time encoding scenarios, the complexity of SAO is usually too high to be enabled. In this paper, a GPU-based optimization algorithm is proposed to reduce the complexity of SAO. Experiments are conducted based on the state-of-the-art open source HEVC encoder, i.e. X265. Results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce about 70% processing time of SAO on average without sacrifice of coding efficiency.

关键词： HEVC SAO GPU X265 High efficiency video coding offsets GRAPPER PICK UP Graphics Processing Unit real-time coding Optimization algorithms code efficiency coding

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real-time COMPLEXITY CONSTRAINED ENcoding

REAL-TIME COMPLEXITY CONSTRAINED ENCODING

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Thijs Vermeir Jurgen Slowack Glenn Van Wallendael Peter Lambert Rik Van de Walle Barco N.V. - Technology Center Data Science Lab - Ghent University - iMinds

ISBN: (纸本)9781467399623

Complex software appliances can be deployed on hardware with limited available computational resources. This computational boundary puts an additional constraint on software applications. This can be an issue for real-time applications with a fixed time constraint such as low delay video encoding. In the context of High Efficiency Video coding (HEVC), a limited number of publications have focused on controlling the complexity of an HEVC video encoder. In this paper, a technique is proposed to control complexity by deciding between 2N×2N merge mode and full encoding, at different coding Unit (CU) depths. The technique is demonstrated in two encoders. The results demonstrate fast convergence to a given complexity threshold, and a limited loss in rate-distortion performance (on average 2.84% Bjontegaard delta rate for 40% complexity reduction).

关键词： Complexity Constrained real-time encoding HEVC real-time coding High efficiency video coding coding Complexity time constraints redundant constraint Applications software ENCODER real-time application program Rate distortion

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Anytime Reliable Codes for Stabilizing Plants over Erasure Channels

Anytime Reliable Codes for Stabilizing Plants over Erasure C...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Ravi Teja Sukhavasi Babak Hassibi Department of Electrical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781612848006

The problem of stabilizing an unstable plant over a noisy communication link is an increasingly important one that arises in problems of distributed control and networked control systems. Although the work of Schulman and Sahai over the past two decades, and their development of the notions of "tree codes" and "anytime capacity", provides the theoretical framework for studying such problems, there has been scant practical progress in this area because explicit constructions of tree codes with efficient encoding and decoding did not exist. To stabilize an unstable plant driven by bounded noise over a noisy channel one needs real-time encoding and real-time decoding and a reliability which increases exponentially with delay, which is what tree codes guarantee. We prove the existence of linear tree codes with high probability and, for erasure channels, give a construction with an expected decoding complexity that is constant per time instant. We give sufficient conditions on the rate and reliability required of the tree codes to stabilize vector plants and argue that they are asymptotically tight. This work takes an important step towards controlling plants over noisy channels, and we demonstrate the efficacy of the method through a simulation.

关键词： tree codes DEcoding Stabilising real-time coding noisy channel Codes Networked control systems decentralised control

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