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Novel RIS-Aided receive spatial modulation via Joint Active and Passive Beamforming

IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS 2024年第4期13卷 1058-1062页

作者： Li, Qiang Lin, Xiangyi Zhang, Chao Li, Jie Jinan Univ Coll Informat Sci & Technol Guangzhou 510632 Peoples R China Cent South Univ Sch Comp Sci & Engn Changsha 410083 Peoples R China South China Univ Technol Sch Elect & Informat Engn Guangzhou 510641 Peoples R China

Existing reconfigurable intelligent surface-aided receive spatial modulation (RIS-RSM) suffers from severe performance degradation in Rician fading channels. To solve this problem, we propose a novel RIS-RSM scheme in this letter for multi-input-multi-output communications. In contrast to the existing RIS-RSM that uses passive beamforming only to maximize the received power at a targeted receive antenna, our advanced RIS-RSM employs joint active and passive beamforming (JAPB) to minimize the error probability of antenna index detection. The active and passive beamforming vectors are optimized alternately. It is shown that the active beamforming vector is the eigenvector associated with the largest eigenvalue of a matrix, and the passive beamforming vector can be obtained in closed-form in each iteration via a majorization-minimization method. Simulation results reveal the effectiveness of RIS-RSM-JAPB by comparing with the existing RSM and RIS-RSM schemes in terms of bit error rate and detection complexity.

关键词： Array signal processing Receiving antennas Rician channels modulation Indexes Wireless communication Error probability receive spatial modulation multi-input-multioutput communications reconfigurable intelligent surface beamforming design

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RIS-Assisted receive spatial modulation for High-Speed Railway Communication

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China Communications 2025年第2期22卷 269-282页

作者： Ding Qingfeng Wang Song Fu Tingmei Xi Tao School of Electrical and Automation Engineering East China Jiaotong UniversityNanchang 330013China China Railway Communication and Signal Survey&Design Institute Co.Ltd Beijing 100071China

In high-speed railway(HSR)wireless communication,the rapid channel changes and limited high-capacity access cause significant impact on the link ***,the Doppler shift caused by high mobility leads to the inter-carrier *** this paper,we propose a reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)-assisted receive spatial modulation(SM)scheme based on the spatial-temporal correlated HSR Rician *** characteristics of SM and the phase shift adjustment of RIS are used to mitigate the performance degradation in high mobility *** the influence of channel spatial-temporal correlation and Doppler shift,the effects of different parameters on average bit error rate(BER)performance and upper bound of ergodic capacity are ***,a joint antenna and RIS-unit selection algorithm based on the antenna removal method is proposed to increase the capacity performance of communication *** results show that the proposed RIS-assisted receive SM scheme can maintain high transmission capacity compared to the conventional HSR-SM scheme,whereas the degradation of BER performance can be compensated by arranging a large number of *** addition,selecting more RIS-units has better capacity performance than activating more antennas in the low signal-to-noise ratio regions.

关键词： average bit error rat high-speed railway joint antenna and RIS-unit selection receive spatial modulation reconfigurable intelligent surface

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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for receive spatial modulation in Rank-deficient Channels

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Receive Spatial Modu...

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IEEE Conference on Global Communications (IEEE GLOBECOM) - Intelligent Communications for Shared Prosperity

作者： Moreno-Locubiche, Ainna Yue Vidal, Josep Pascual-Iserte, Antonio Munoz, Olga Univ Politecn Cataluna Dept Signal Theory & Commun Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9798350310900

receive spatial modulation (RSM) has been proposed as an effective transmission technology for next-generation wireless communications systems because of its reduced complexity and low energy consumption at the receiver end. Compared to conventional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceivers, which require one radio-frequency (RF) chain and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) per receive antenna, RSM can be implemented with one amplitude detector per antenna and a single RF chain, with mild performance degradation in terms of spectral efficiency (SE). However, its implementation using zero-forcing precoders is inadequate in mmWave channels due to the lack of propagation scattering and, hence, rank deficiency in the channel matrix. This has been only partially solved in the past using receiver antenna selection (RAS), which requires additional receive antennas. On the other hand, using reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), which can effectively create scatter and enhance the channel matrix rank, is an affordable solution that can also cope with shadowing situations and the higher path losses associated with mmWave bands. We propose using a RIS in a single-user MIMO communication with RSM to improve the downlink transmission. This paper shows that RIS-assisted RSM communication is more than a good option in mmWave channels in terms of bit error rate due to the multipath induced in the channel and the link budget boosting.

关键词： Reconfigurable intelligent surface receive spatial modulation MIMO communications mmWave channels

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Phase Index-Based receive spatial modulation PHY Security Against Supervised Pattern Recognition

Phase Index-Based Receive Spatial Modulation PHY Security Ag...

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IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)

作者： Abushattal, Abdelrahman Arslan, Huseyin Istanbul Medipol Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Istanbul Turkey Univ S Florida Dept Elect Engn Tampa FL USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728195056

receive spatial modulation (RSM) uses the index of the receive antenna to convey additional information bits, which reduces the receiver complexity and improves spectral efficiency. Additionally, it provides inherent physical layer security using the Zero-forcing (ZF) precoding technique. However, the channel becomes vulnerable to eavesdropper (Eve) if the channel impulse response is assumed to be time-invariant or stationary through coherent block intervals. In this paper, a physical layer secure scheme is proposed based on phase index RSM to combat eaves-droppers that use k-nearest neighbors (KNN) supervised pattern recognition. The average bit error rate (BER) performance shows the ability of the proposed scheme to provide a suitable level of security while degrading the average BER performance of Eve.

关键词： Multi-input Multi-output k-nearest neighbors (KNN) Zero-forcing precoding supervised pattern recognition receive spatial modulation physical-layer security supervised Pattern Recognition

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On the Inherent Physical-Layer Security of receive spatial modulation Systems 25

On the Inherent Physical-Layer Security of Receive Spatial M...

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25th IEEE International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (IEEE CAMAD)

作者： Abushattal, Abdelrahman Althunibat, Saud Qaraqe, Marwa Arslan, Huseyin Istanbul Medipol Univ Dept Elect & Elect Engn Istanbul Turkey Al Hussein Bin Talal Univ Fac Engn Dept Commun Engn Maan Jordan Hamad Bin Khalifa Univ Qatar Fdn Coll Sci & Engn Doha Qatar

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163390

This paper investigates the physical-layer security attained by receive spatial modulation (RSM) scheme against potential eavesdroppers. The impact of the involved parameters on the bit error rate (BER) at the legitimate receiver and the considered eavesdropper is shown and discussed. Moreover, a hybrid scheme is proposed in order to alleviate the impact of the channel estimation errors on the achievable BER at the legitimate receiver. The proposed scheme allows the transmitter to switch between RSM and the conventional SM based on the phase of the estimated channel coefficient. Simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme can achieve at least 3 dB SNR gain as compared to the RSM, while keeping the error rate at the eavesdropper within acceptable bound.

关键词： Multi-input multi-output spatial modulation receive spatial modulation Physical-layer security

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Efficient Transmit Antenna Selection for receive spatial modulation-Based Massive MIMO

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IEEE ACCESS 2020年 8卷 152034-152044页

作者： Kim, Sangchoon Dong A Univ Dept Elect Busan 49315 South Korea

In this article, two efficient transmit antenna subset (TAS) selection schemes are proposed for receive spatial modulation (RSM)-based massive multiple-input multiple-output. First, an incremental TAS selection algorithm based on the maximization of the received signal-to-noise ratio is presented to select N-S active transmit antennas effectively among the available N-T transmit antennas. Then, to reduce complexity further, the modified TAS selection algorithm performs two consecutive selection stages. The pre-processing stage selects active transmit antennas whose number N-P is less than the number of N-S of the total transmit antennas to be selected and is equal to or greater than the number N-R of the receive antennas. Then the post-processing stage chooses the remaining N-S-N-P active antennas. In the first stage, a simple norm-based algorithm is employed to reduce the complexity significantly. In the second stage, an incremental selection strategy is performed to find additional transmit antennas. It is demonstrated that the bit error rate and achievable rate of the proposed TAS selection algorithms are close to those of the decremental algorithm. Further, the simulation results show that the proposed TAS selection schemes offer significantly reduced complexity compared to the decremental TAS selection when the difference between the number of selected transmit antennas and the number of total available transmit antennas available is large. Furthermore, the impacts of the channel estimation error on the performance of TAS selection-based RSM systems are examined.

关键词： Transmit antenna selection multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) precoding zero-forcing (ZF) receive spatial modulation

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Extended receive spatial modulation MIMO scheme for Higher Spectral Efficiency 87

Extended Receive Spatial Modulation MIMO scheme for Higher S...

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87th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Spring)

作者： Mokh, Ali Helard, Maryline Crussiere, Matthieu Univ Rennes CNRS INSA Rennes IETRUMR 6164 F-35000 Rennes France

ISBN: (纸本)9781538663554

spatial modulation (SM) schemes use the index of the transmit (resp. the receive) antenna to transmit additional data, and therefore allow for a new exploitation of the space dimension to increase the spectral efficiency of MIMO systems. The baseline of the proposed study relies on the so-called extended receive antenna shift keying (ERASK) concept consisting in transmitting the spatial bits by focusing the transmit energy towards subsets of receive antennas. With ERASK, the subsets of targeted antennas can be of any size leading to an amount of additional spatial bits directly equal to the number of receive antennas. However, an ON/OFF keying is used to carry the spatial symbols meaning that a zero power level is associated for non targeted antennas. Consequently, the transmission of additional IQ symbols in ERASK is not compatible with every spatial symbol configurations. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme referred to as Extended RSM (ERSM) that sends additional IQ modulated signals in ERASK, in order to increase the overall spectral efficiency. The key idea is to associate a non zero power levels for all spatial symbols. Two power levels are used to transmit the spatial and the IQ symbols, and an optimal ratio of the power is calculated. The theoretical performance of the proposed ERSM scheme is derived and then validated through simulations.

关键词： receive spatial modulation receive Antenna Shift Keying MIMO Phase Shift Keying Zero Forcing

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On Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer for receive spatial modulation

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IEEE ACCESS 2017年 5卷 23204-23211页

作者： Cheng, Chien-Chun Di Renzo, Marco Graziosi, Fabio Zappone, Alessio Univ Aquila Dept Informat Engn Comp Sci & Math I-67100 Laquila Italy Univ Paris Saclay Univ Paris Sud Cent Supelec Lab Signaux & SystCNRS F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette France

In this paper, we study the performance of receive spatial modulation (RSM) with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) capabilities. RSM is a multi-antenna modulation scheme, where the information bits are encoded into complex constellation symbols and the indices of the receive antennas. We show how RSM can be combined with SWIPT, by allowing the receivers to increase their data rate and, at the same time, to recharge their batteries. An optimization problem is formulated in order to optimize the fraction of transmit power to be used for information decoding and energy harvesting, as well as the covariance matrix of the energy waveform. Efficient numerical algorithms to tackle the associated optimization problems are proposed. Our analysis shows that RSM-SWIPT is a flexible transmission scheme that is capable of achieving different rate-energy demands. RSM-SWIPT, in particular, can be configured to leverage only the energy waveform for transmitting information data and power simultaneously. Compared with conventional SWIPT-enabled multiple-antenna systems, the proposed RSM-SWIPT scheme increases the amount of harvested energy for low values of the rate and avoids the need of using energy cancellation algorithms if information and power are transmitted only through the energy waveform.

关键词： receive spatial modulation simultaneous wireless information and power transfer optimization

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Joint spatial and Reflecting modulation for Active IRS Assisted MIMO Communications

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 2023年第5期71卷 3132-3143页

作者： Sanila, K. S. Rajamohan, Neelakandan Indian Inst Technol Goa Sch Elect Sci Ponda 403401 Goa India

This paper proposes an active-intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted joint spatial and reflecting modulation (A-IRS-JSRM). The proposed A-IRS-JSRM engages an active IRS with sub-connected architecture in which several reflecting elements are grouped into panels, and the elements within a panel have the same amplification factor but different reflection angles. Transmit and receive spatial modulation are employed at the base station (BS) and user equipment (UE) by activating a set of transmit antennas and selecting a receiver antenna. Further, only a subset of panels is switched to the ON state in the active IRS, which is determined by the information bits and thus invokes reflecting modulation. The active IRS panels in the ON state also aid in maximizing the received energy in the chosen receiver antenna at the UE. We present the theoretical analysis of the performance of the proposed A-IRS-JSRM system and validate them with simulation results. Further, we have discussed a low-complexity approach for receiver processing in the compressive sensing framework. We compare the proposed A-IRS-JSRM with closely related IRS-assisted spatial modulation schemes in the literature and demonstrate the outperformance of our proposed approach in terms of achievable rate, bit error rate, and outage probability.

关键词： Active IRS transmit spatial modulation receive spatial modulation reflecting modulation

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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Enabled spatial modulation for Visible Light Communications

IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL

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IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL 2023年第5期15卷 1页

作者： Shen, Pengfei Lu, Lu Chinese Acad Sci Technol & Engn Ctr Space Utilizat Key Lab Space Utilizat Beijing 100094 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

An important issue in visible light communications (VLC) is how to boost up the system throughput even when the line-of-sight (LOS) link is blocked by obstacles. In this paper, we propose reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) based spatial modulation (SM) designs for VLC, which enable RIS to modulate its own message on the reflected signals. Compared with conventional RIS-assisted VLC systems, RIS enabled SM VLC can further increase the overall system throughput. To enable RIS based SM for VLC, we first study two straight-forward methods by exploiting the reconfigurability of RIS whose elements are divided into groups, namely RIS enabled SM (RIS-SM) and RIS enabled generalized SM (RIS-GSM), which activate one and multiple groups, respectively. Furthermore, we find that the bit error rates (BER) performance of RIS-SM and RIS-GSM are highly affected by channel correlation. That is, there is a trade-off between the channel correlation coefficients and received signal power. To solve this problem in RIS-SM and RIS-GSM where only part of the RIS elements are active, we further propose RIS enabled receive SM (RIS-RSM), where all the RIS elements can be exploited to reflect signals. In the three proposed designs, the reflected light signals received at the destination contain two types of information streams: one is spatially modulated at the RIS node and the other is from the light source, and the two signal streams are decoded by the receiver in a joint manner using maximum-likelihood detections (MLD). We then derive the corresponding upper bounds according to BER metric for the three schemes, and simulation results verify the tightness of our analytical upper bounds. Interestingly, we find that blockage on the RIS link may have different effects for RIS-SM, RIS-GSM and RIS-RSM. Without blockage, it is shown that RIS-RSM always outperforms RIS-SM and RIS-GSM, and the SNR gain can be 30 dB when BER = 1e-6, showing the advantage of RIS-RSM for future VLC applications.

关键词： Visible light communications reconfigurable intelligent surface spatial modulation generalized spatial modulation receive spatial modulation

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