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Energy estimation models for video decoders: reconfigurable video coding-CAL case-study

IET COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL TECHNIQUES 2015年第1期9卷 3-15页

作者： Ren, Rong Juarez, Eduardo Sanz, Cesar Raulet, Mickael Pescador, Fernando Univ Politecn Madrid Res Ctr Software Technol & Multimedia Syst CITSEM ES-28031 Madrid Spain CNRS UMR 6164 IETR INSA F-35043 Rennes France

In this study, a platform-independent energy estimation methodology is proposed to estimate the energy consumption of reconfigurable video coding (RVC)-CAL video codec specifications. This methodology is based on the performance monitoring counters (PMCs) of embedded platforms and demonstrates its portability, simplicity and accuracy for on-line estimation. It has two off-line procedure stages: the former, which automatically identifies the most appropriate PMCs with no specific detailed knowledge of the employed platform, and the latter, which trains the model using either a linear regression or a multivariable adaptive regression splines (MARS) method. Experimenting on an RVC-CAL decoder, the proposed PMC-driven model can achieve an average estimation error <10%. In addition, the maximal model computation overhead is 4.04%. The results show that the training video sequence has significant influence on the model accuracy. An experimental metric is introduced to achieve more stable accurate models based on a combination of training sequences. Furthermore, a comparison demonstrates better predictive ability of MARS techniques in scenarios with multi-core platforms. Finally, the experimental results show a good potential of energy efficiency improvement when the estimation model is combined into the RVC framework. In two different scenarios, the battery lifetime is increased 5.16% and 20.9%, respectively.

关键词： video coding video codecs regression analysis splines (mathematics) image sequences decoding platform-independent energy estimation methodology video decoders reconfigurable video coding performance monitoring counters energy consumption online estimation offline procedure stages linear regression method multivariable adaptive regression splines method MARS method RVC-CAL video codec specifications PMC-driven model accuracy model training video sequence predictive ability piecewise modelling techniques multicore platforms energy efficiency improvement

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Overview of the MPEG reconfigurable video coding Framework

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JOURNAL OF SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR SIGNAL IMAGE AND video TECHNOLOGY 2011年第2期63卷 251-263页

作者： Bhattacharyya, Shuvra S. Eker, Johan Janneck, Joern W. Lucarz, Christophe Mattavelli, Marco Raulet, Mickael IETR INSA Rennes F-35043 Rennes France Univ Maryland Dept ECE College Pk MD 20742 USA Univ Maryland UMIACS College Pk MD 20742 USA Ericsson Res Mobile Platforms S-22183 Lund Sweden Xilinx Res Labs San Jose CA 95124 USA Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Microelect Syst Lab CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

video coding technology in the last 20 years has evolved producing a variety of different and complex algorithms and coding standards. So far the specification of such standards, and of the algorithms that build them, has been done case by case providing monolithic textual and reference software specifications in different forms and programming languages. However, very little attention has been given to provide a specification formalism that explicitly presents common components between standards, and the incremental modifications of such monolithic standards. The MPEG reconfigurable video coding (RVC) framework is a new ISO standard currently under its final stage of standardization, aiming at providing video codec specifications at the level of library components instead of monolithic algorithms. The new concept is to be able to specify a decoder of an existing standard or a completely new configuration that may better satisfy application-specific constraints by selecting standard components from a library of standard coding algorithms. The possibility of dynamic configuration and reconfiguration of codecs also requires new methodologies and new tools for describing the new bitstream syntaxes and the parsers of such new codecs. The RVC framework is based on the usage of a new actor/ dataflow oriented language called CAL for the specification of the standard library and instantiation of the RVC decoder model. This language has been specifically designed for modeling complex signal processing systems. CAL dataflow models expose the intrinsic concurrency of the algorithms by employing the notions of actor programming and dataflow. The paper gives an overview of the concepts and technologies building the standard RVC framework and the non standard tools supporting the RVC model from the instantiation and simulation of the CAL model to software and/or hardware code synthesis.

关键词： reconfigurable video coding CAL actor language Dataflow programming Code synthesis

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Automatic Synthesis of Parsers and Validation of Bitstreams Within the MPEG reconfigurable video coding Framework

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JOURNAL OF SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR SIGNAL IMAGE AND video TECHNOLOGY 2011年第2期63卷 215-225页

作者： Lucarz, Christophe Piat, Jonathan Mattavelli, Marco Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Multimedia Architectures Res Grp Microelect Syst Lab Lausanne Switzerland IETR INSA Rennes F-35043 Rennes France

video coding technology has evolved in the past years into a variety of different and complex algorithms. So far the specifications of such standard algorithms have been done case by case, providing monolithic textual and reference software specifications, but without paying any attention to the possibility of further improvements of such monolithic standards. The MPEG reconfigurable video coding (RVC) framework is a new ISO/IEC standard, currently under its final stage of development aiming at providing video codec specifications at the level of coding tools instead of monolithic descriptions. The possibility to select a subset of standard video coding algorithms to specify a decoder that satisfies application specific constraints is very attractive. However, such possibility to reconfigure codecs requires systematic procedures and tools capable of describing the new bitstream syntaxes of such new codecs. Moreover, it becomes also necessary to generate the associated parsers, capable of parsing the new bitstreams. This paper further explains the problem and describes the technologies used to describe new bitstream syntaxes. Additionally, the paper describes the methodologies and the tools for the validation of bitstream syntaxes descriptions as well as a systematic procedure for automatically synthesizing parsers from the bitstream descriptions.

关键词： reconfigurable video coding RVC MPEG Syntax parsing Dataflow models CAL

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Coarse-grained reconfiguration: dataflow-based power management

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IET COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL TECHNIQUES 2015年第1期9卷 36-48页

作者： Palumbo, Francesca Sau, Carlo Raffo, Luigi Univ Sassari PolComIng Informat Engn Unit I-07100 Sassari Italy Univ Cagliari DIEE Dept Elect Engn Cagliari Italy

Power reduction in modern embedded systems design is a challenging issue exacerbated by the complexity and heterogeneity of their architecture. In the field of reconfigurable video coding (RVC), to challenge these issues and cut-down time to market, dataflow-based techniques have been adopted. In particular, to master management and composability of dynamically reconfigurable systems, the authors have developed the multi-dataflow composer. Nevertheless, despite the RVC offers several different tools, in its reference design framework power management is still an open issue. To make some steps forward towards filling this gap, in this study, they address power management for coarse-grained reconfigurable systems combining structural and dynamic strategies, both to be applied at the dataflow level.

关键词： embedded systems power aware computing video coding data flow computing coarse-grained reconfiguration dataflow-based power management power reduction embedded systems design architecture complexity architecture heterogeneity reconfigurable video coding RVC master management reconfigurable system composability multidataflow composer reference design framework power management coarse-grained reconfigurable systems structural strategy dynamic strategy

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reconfigurable video coding: OBJECTIVES AND TECHNOLOGIES

RECONFIGURABLE VIDEO CODING: OBJECTIVES AND TECHNOLOGIES

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16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Lucarz, Christophe Amer, Ihab Mattavelli, Marco Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Microelect Syst Lab CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781424456536

The main objective of the MPEG reconfigurable video coding (RVC) standard is to establish a framework for a more flexible usage of standard video coding technology. The framework not only supports multiple standards and new coding configurations, but also provides an incremental and modular approach to innovation in video compression development and design. This paper provides an overview of the main objectives of RVC, standard accompanied with a presentation of the components of the framework for both normative parts and supporting tools useful for the final implementation of RVC codecs. These elements include: the video Tool Library (VTL), the new standard RVC-CAL language used for the specification of the library, the Bitstream Syntax Description (BSD) used for the specification of the compressed bitstreams, as well as the Functional unit Network Description (FND) that constitutes the specification of a modular library. Technologies and tools that support the RVC standard are also briefly introduced.

关键词： MPEG reconfigurable video coding RVC CAL BSD FND VTL

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Link-Aware reconfigurable Point-to-Point video Streaming for Mobile Devices

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA COMPUTING COMMUNICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2015年第1期12卷 9-9页

作者： Lee, Suk Kyu Yoo, Seungho Jung, Jongtack Kim, Hwangnam Ryoo, Jihoon Korea Univ Sch Elect Engn Seoul 136713 South Korea SUNY Stony Brook Dept Comp Sci Stony Brook NY 11794 USA

Even though people of all social standings use current mobile devices in the wide spectrum of purpose from entertainment tools to communication means, some issues with real-time video streaming in hostile wireless environment still exist. In this article, we introduce CoSA, a link-aware real-time video streaming system for mobile devices. The proposed system utilizes a 3D camera to distinguish the region of importance (ROI) and non-ROI region within the video frame. Based on the link-state feedback from the receiver, the proposed system allocates a higher bandwidth for the region that is classified as ROI and a lower bandwidth for non-ROI in the video stream by reducing the video's bit rate. We implemented CoSA in a real test-bed where the IEEE 802.11 is employed as a medium for wireless networking. Furthermore, we verified the effectiveness of the proposed system by conducting a thorough empirical study. The results indicate that the proposed system enables real-time video streaming while maintaining a consistent visual quality by dynamically reconfiguring video coding parameters according to the link quality.

关键词： Experimentation Measurement Performance Link-state feedback mobile multimedia system reconfigurable video coding

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On-line Energy Estimation Model of an RVC-CAL HEVC Decoder

On-line Energy Estimation Model of an RVC-CAL HEVC Decoder

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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)

作者： Ren, R. Juarez, E. Sanz, C. Raulet, M. Pescador, F. Univ Politecn Madrid Ctr Invest Tecnol Software & Sistemas Multimedia Madrid Spain IETR INSA UMR CNRS 6164 F-35043 Rennes France

ISBN: (纸本)9781479912919

In this paper, an on-line energy estimation model has been implemented on an RVC-CAL HEVC decoder. The model is driven by Performance Monitoring Counters and fitted by the MARS method. The estimation results achieve average relative errors less than 10%. In addition, the model computation overhead is less than 0.5%. The model might be employed within the RVC framework to provide an energy-aware decoder reconfiguration.

关键词： video codecs video coding Cal actor languange MARS method RVC-CAL HEVC decoder energy-aware decoder reconfiguration model computation overhead online energy estimation model performance monitoring counters reconfigurable video coding Computational modeling Decoding Energy consumption Estimation Mars Mathematical model Monitoring

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A Reconfiguration System for video Decoder

A Reconfiguration System for Video Decoder

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IEEE Visual Communications and Image Processing Conference

作者： Xi, Tao Qi, Honggang Ding, Dandan Yu, Lu Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479961399

This demonstration system shows a kind of video decoder's implementation in reconfigurable video coding (RVC) framework on Open RVC-CAL Compiler (Orcc) platform. Differently from tradition video decoder, the reconfigurable video decoder is not a decoder conforming a special video coding standard, but dynamically built according to actual bitsteams, which may not conform any standard. The reconfigurable video decoder receives not only the compressed video bitstream but also the decoder description. As an example, in this demo, we reconfigure AVS and H.264/AVC decoders using Just-In-Time Adaptive Decoder Engine (Jade).

关键词： reconfigurable video coding Jade ORCC AVS H.264/AVC

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ON THE VERIFICATION OF MULTI-STANDARD SOC'S FOR reconfigurable video coding BASED ON ALGORITHM/ARCHITECTURE CO-EXPLORATION

ON THE VERIFICATION OF MULTI-STANDARD SOC'S FOR RECONFIGURAB...

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IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems

作者： Lee, Gwo Giun Lin, He-Yuan Wang, Ming-Jiun Chen, Bo-Han Cheng, Yuan-Long Natl Cheng Kung Univ Dept Elect Engn Tainan 701 Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424429233

Based on concurrent exploration of both algorithm and architecture, this paper introduces an efficient verification methodology that targets at comprehensive functional verification throughout different levels of design granularities for multi-format media SoC's with applications in MPEG's reconfigurable video coding. We present a verification technique that minimizes the number of test patterns but at the same time covering multiple profiles based on the functional commonalities extracted from multiple coding standards. In addition, algorithmic complexity analysis and dataflow modeling are also used to gain insight into flexible video architecture at early design stage in facilitating more efficient verification environment. Furthermore, an isolation technique is also presented for independent verification of coarse grain modules in the system level. We have shown that this verification methodology can effectively enhance the reliability and efficiency of SoC's with high complexity and reconfigurability.

关键词： electronic system level reconfigurable video coding SoC verification

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Software Code Generation for the RVC-CAL Language

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JOURNAL OF SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS FOR SIGNAL IMAGE AND video TECHNOLOGY 2011年第2期63卷 203-213页

作者： Wipliez, Matthieu Roquier, Ghislain Nezan, Jean-Francois IETR INSA Rennes F-35043 Rennes France Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

The MPEG reconfigurable video coding (RVC) framework is a new standard under development by MPEG that aims at providing a unified high-level specification of current and future MPEG video coding technologies using dataflow models. In this framework, a decoder is built as a configuration of video coding modules taken from the standard MPEG toolbox library or proprietary libraries. The elements of the library are specified by a textual description that expresses the I/O behavior of each module and by a reference software written using a subset of the CAL Actor Language named RVC-CAL. A decoder configuration is written in an XML dialect by connecting a set of CAL modules. Code generators are fundamental supports that enable the direct transformation of a high level specification to efficient hardware and software implementations. This paper presents a synthesis tool that from a CAL dataflow program generates C code and an associated SystemC model. The generated code is validated against the original CAL description simulated using the Open Dataflow environment. Experimental results of the translation of two descriptions of an MPEG-4 Simple Profile decoder with different granularities are shown and discussed.

关键词： reconfigurable video coding CAL actor language Dataflow programming Software code generation

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