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检索条件"主题词=Reconstruction Algorithms"

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3D geometric normalization for the high resolution quad-HIDAC PET scanner

3D geometric normalization for the high resolution quad-HIDA...

引用

IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Huaxia Zhao A.J. Reader Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Science (DIAS) UMIST (University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology) Manchester UK

The high sensitivity, high resolution, quad-HIDAC PET scanner consists of 4 main detector banks which each contain either 4 or 8 detector modules, with 2 converter planes in each module. Coincidences are collected between opposite detector banks only, and not all lines of response (LORs) which are measurable by the system pass through the same number of detector planes, due to the finite axial extent of the stack of detector planes. Therefore, in order to utilize all the acquired data, it is necessary to account for this sensitivity variation for the system LORs. Existing reconstruction methods for the quad-HIDAC have not accounted for this, resulting in typically /spl sim/14% of the data being rejected in the 16-module quad-HIDAC and /spl sim/24% being rejected in the 32-module quad-HIDAC. This work presents the sensitivity calculation which is necessary to compensate for under-sampled LORs, by evaluating the solid angle as a function of position throughout the field of view - which gives rise to a correction scheme for incorporation into iterative list-mode reconstruction algorithms. This allows all the acquired data to be used in the image reconstruction process.

关键词： Positron emission tomography Detectors Geometry Image reconstruction reconstruction algorithms Solids Transmission line matrix methods Biomedical measurements Helium Animals

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Document capture using a digital camera

Document capture using a digital camera

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： C. Herley Microsoft Research Limited USA

This paper covers a method for capturing documents using a digital camera. A typical cheap VGA digital camera (resolution 640 by 480 pixels) does not have adequate resolution to capture text over a page. By displacing the sensor spatially and taking multiple acquisitions we seek to enhance the resolution. There are many approaches in the literature to multi-frame reconstruction. Our approach differs from most previous work in that we make an additional restriction that we wish to enhance the resolution of documents which consist primarily of regions that are spatially piecewise constant (e.g. monochrome text on a monochrome background). We show that this enables us to achieve resolution enhancement that is superior to previously reported schemes. A simulation involving 16 frames of a VGA camera gives excellent rendition of an A4 or legal sized page with 9 pt text.

关键词： Digital cameras Image reconstruction Spatial resolution Law Legal factors reconstruction algorithms Bayesian methods Sampling methods Charge-coupled image sensors Charge coupled devices

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Lesion detection and quantitation of positron emission mammography

Lesion detection and quantitation of positron emission mammo...

引用

IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Jinyi Qi R.H. Huesman Center for Functional Imaging Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA

A Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) scanner dedicated to breast imaging is being developed at our laboratory. We have developed a fist mode likelihood reconstruction algorithm for this scanner. Here we theoretically study the lesion detection and quantitation. The lesion detectability is studied theoretically using computer observers. We found that for the zero-order quadratic prior, the region of interest observer can achieve the performance of the prewhitening observer with a properly selected smoothing parameter. We also study the lesion quantitation using the test statistic of the region of interest observer. The theoretical expressions for the bias, variance, and ensemble mean squared error of the quantitation are derived. Computer simulations show that the theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the Monte Carlo results for both lesion detection and quantitation.

关键词： Lesions Radioactive decay Mammography Breast Laboratories reconstruction algorithms Smoothing methods Testing Statistical analysis Computer errors

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Duration normalization for improved recognition of spontaneous and read speech via missing feature methods

Duration normalization for improved recognition of spontaneo...

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： J.P. Nedel R.M. Stern Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are known to model the duration of sound units poorly. We present a technique to normalize the duration of each phone to overcome this weakness, with the conjecture that speech with normalized phone durations may be better modeled and discriminated using standard HMM acoustic models. Duration normalization is accomplished by dropping frames if a phone is longer than the desired duration and by adding "missing" frames and reconstructing them if a phone is shorter than the desired duration. If phone segmentations are known a priori, we achieve a 15.8% reduction in relative word error rate (WER) on spontaneous speech and a 10.3% reduction in relative WER on read speech. Preliminary work with automatic phone segmentations derived from the data is also presented.

关键词： Speech recognition Hidden Markov models Computer science Natural languages Modems Convolution Stochastic processes Trajectory reconstruction algorithms

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Radially-dependent nonlinear sinogram filtering

Radially-dependent nonlinear sinogram filtering

引用

IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： B.I. Andia K.D. Sauer C.A. Bouman Department of Electrical Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

This work concentrates on the effects of angular sinogram filtering in nonlinear backprojection (NBP). Previous studies have shown that angular filtering of a sinogram may introduce nonuniform resolution loss in the reconstruction. To counteract this effect, we have introduced nonlinear filtering with angular characteristics dependent on distance from the center of the sinogram of the region where they are applied. First, the effects of variable-length linear angular filtering as a pre-processing before filtered backprojection has been studied; the same principles are then applied to NBP.

关键词： Nonlinear filters Filtering Image reconstruction Artificial intelligence reconstruction algorithms Iterative methods Computational efficiency Inverse problems Adaptive filters Chromium

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Three-dimensional E-CSAR imaging of a T-72 tank and synthesis of its spotlight, stripmap and interferometric SAR reconstructions

Three-dimensional E-CSAR imaging of a T-72 tank and synthesi...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： M.L. Bryant L.L. Gostin M. Soumekh Sensors Directorate Target Recognition Branch Air Force Research Laboratory OH USA Georgia Tech Research Institute Radar Systems Division Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Department of Electrical Engineering Bonner Hall State University of New York University at Buffalo Amherst NY USA

This paper presents the results of three-dimensional imaging of a T-72 tank using its angular azimuthal (turntable) and linear elevation synthetic aperture data at X band. This is achieved using an accurate and computationally-efficient wavefront (Fourier-based) reconstruction algorithm for elevation and circular (E-CSAR) data. The E-CSAR 3D images are then used to synthesize 2D spotlight and stripmap slant plane SAR images of the target at a desired range and squint angle. For this purpose, a procedure is introduced that incorporates the spatially-varying azimuthal and elevation Doppler signatures of individual reflectors on the target as well as the mean range, azimuth and elevation of the flight path. Results using the E-CSAR images of the T-72 tank are provided.

关键词： Radar cross section Synthetic aperture radar reconstruction algorithms Radar measurements Image reconstruction Laboratories Sensor systems and applications Target recognition Azimuth Geometry

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Study of the effect of statistical fluctuations on defect detectability at clinical count levels in cardiac SPECT

Study of the effect of statistical fluctuations on defect de...

引用

IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： M.K. Durbin Chuanyong Bai Jinghan Ye Zuo Zhao A.J. Da Silva Ling Shao ADAC-A Philips Medical Systems Company Milpitas CA USA

Cardiac SPECT using Tl-201 suffers from low count statistics. Any statistical studies concerning the evaluation of a reconstruction algorithm, acquisition parameters, diagnostic confidence, etc., for clinical applications are impacted by the difficulty of obtaining data with multiple noise realizations. For this work, we acquired list-mode data of a Tl-201 cardiac phantom with very high counts in three configurations-with an anterior defect, an inferior defect, and no defect. The list-mode data were repartitioned to obtain statistically independent multiple data sets all with the same, clinically relevant noise level. Images were reconstructed from each of the resulting data sets using an iterative algorithm with attenuation correction. Reconstructed images were examined by four human observers, as well as analyzed quantitatively. The ability of observers to differentiate between normal scans and scans with defects varied substantially among datasets. There was correlation between the measured defect detectability and the visual assessment. The fact that the visibility of defects and the uniformity of normal scans varied significantly from one data set to the next, even when both were acquired at the same time, under identical conditions, indicates that the low statistics levels at clinical doses can have a measurable effect on diagnostic confidence.

关键词： Fluctuations Statistics Image reconstruction reconstruction algorithms Imaging phantoms Noise level Iterative algorithms Attenuation Humans Image analysis

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Harten's scheme for PEEC method

Harten's scheme for PEEC method

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

作者： G. Antonini A. Orlandi A.E. Ruehli University of L'' Aquila Italy Research Division IBM Yorktown Heights NY USA

The analysis of realistic EMC problems is time and memory consuming. When using integral methods this results in the solution of very large systems that must be solved very carefully because of their ill conditioning. This paper presents a class of multiresolution representations based on Harten's point value multiresolution framework which is used to improve the spectral properties of matrices arising from the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method. The proposed representation allows the solution being obtained more efficiently by means of iterative solvers that are needed for very large systems.

关键词： Wavelet transforms Electromagnetic compatibility Integral equations Matrix decomposition Linear systems Equivalent circuits Message-oriented middleware Frequency domain analysis reconstruction algorithms

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Interpolation of scratches in motion picture films

Interpolation of scratches in motion picture films

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： T. Bretschneider C. Miller O. Kao Department of Computer Science Technical University of Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Canterbury New Zealand

Movie films are often damaged through ageing, chemical changes and contact with mechanical parts of a film projector. In this paper a method for the removal of scratches and undesirable lines in digitised film sequences is discussed. The method assumes the prior knowledge about the position and orientation of the scratches and utilises an iterative method to interpolate the affected pixels. The convergence of the algorithm is guaranteed for the noise free case and the optimal choice of the involved relaxation parameter is demonstrated. The method was validated using sampled movies and proved to be stable even in the presence of noise. Remarkable is the reconstruction result in comparison to standard interpolation techniques like cubic splines.

关键词： Motion pictures Interpolation Aging Iterative methods Convergence Nonlinear distortion reconstruction algorithms Image reconstruction Noise level Computer science

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Additive and multiplicative versions of the maximum a posteriori algorithm with median root prior

Additive and multiplicative versions of the maximum a poster...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： S. Mustafovic K. Thielemans Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine and PET Methods Group Hammersmith Hospital London UK PET Methods Group Hammersmith Hospital Imaging Research Solutions Limited London UK

It is a well-known fact that the maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) algorithm applied to either the original image or the image rescaled with the sensitivity, produces the same result. However, if an a posteriori function is maximized instead of the likelihood function, this rescaling procedure produces a different outcome. This abstract concentrates on the difference between these procedures applied in the maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm with the median root prior (MRP). It will be shown that depending on the way the prior is utilised, it is possible to achieve more noise reduction in the low sensitivity regions. The disadvantage being the fact that the weight prior, beta, must be tuned according to the maximum in the sensitivity.

关键词： Maximum likelihood estimation Positron emission tomography Iterative methods Iterative algorithms Image reconstruction Hospitals Telephony Materials requirements planning Noise reduction reconstruction algorithms

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