In this paper, we propose a new FMT scheme based on relative coding which makes the adjacent inter-symbol interference adjustable. Compared with the traditional scheme, the new scheme has better subchannel pulse respo...
详细信息
ISBN:
(纸本)9781424437092
In this paper, we propose a new FMT scheme based on relative coding which makes the adjacent inter-symbol interference adjustable. Compared with the traditional scheme, the new scheme has better subchannel pulse response and better power spectrum. Simulation results show that the new scheme has better immunity to inter-symbol interference and better constellation performance.
Motivational theories of pain highlight its role in people's choices of actions that avoid bodily damage. By contrast, little is known regarding how pain influences action implementation. To explore this less-unde...
详细信息
Motivational theories of pain highlight its role in people's choices of actions that avoid bodily damage. By contrast, little is known regarding how pain influences action implementation. To explore this less-understood area, we conducted a study in which participants had to rapidly point to a target area to win money while avoiding an overlapping penalty area that would cause pain in their contralateral hand. We found that pain intensity and target-penalty proximity repelled participants' movement away from pain and that motor execution was influenced not by absolute pain magnitudes but by relative pain differences. Our results indicate that the magnitude and probability of pain have a precise role in guiding motor control and that representations of pain that guide action are, at least in part, relative rather than absolute. Additionally, our study shows that the implicit monetary valuation of pain, like many explicit valuations (e.g., patients' use of rating scales in medical contexts), is unstable, a finding that has implications for pain treatment in clinical contexts.
People experience relief whenever outcomes are better than they would have been, had an alternative course of action been chosen. Here we investigated the neuronal basis of relief with functional resonance imaging in ...
详细信息
People experience relief whenever outcomes are better than they would have been, had an alternative course of action been chosen. Here we investigated the neuronal basis of relief with functional resonance imaging in a choice task in which the outcome of the chosen option and that of the unchosen option were revealed sequentially. We found parametric activation increases in anterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex with increasing relief (chosen outcomes better than unchosen outcomes). Conversely, anterior ventrolateral prefrontal activation was unrelated to the opposite of relief, increasing regret (chosen outcomes worse than unchosen outcomes). Furthermore, the anterior ventrolateral prefrontal activation was unrelated to primary gains and increased with relief irrespective of whether the chosen outcome was a loss or a gain. These results suggest that the anterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex encodes a higher-order reward signal that lies at the core of current theories of emotion. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Asymmetries in posterior ERP components, such as the N1, are generally taken to reflect the visual processing of spatial information in absolute (fixation-based) coordinates Yet, it is also well established that the p...
详细信息
Asymmetries in posterior ERP components, such as the N1, are generally taken to reflect the visual processing of spatial information in absolute (fixation-based) coordinates Yet, it is also well established that the position of an object call be coded relative to the position of other objects. To examine the ERP correlates of relative spatial coding, two experiments were conducted in which spatially neutral target stimuli were preceded. accompanied, or followed by laterally presented, task-irrelevant accessory stimuli Targets presented simultaneously with a lateral accessory evoked, despite physical asymmetry, a bilateral, symmetric N1 Targets that followed the accessory evoked, despite physical symmetry, an asymmetric N1, with a maximum contralateral to the accessory N1 Thus, lateralizations in the N1 range already reflect relative spatial coding rather than just the processing of the absolute location of incoming information
暂无评论