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Asteroid Modeling for Testing Spacecraft Approach and Landing

IEEE computer graphics AND APPLICATIONS 2014年第4期34卷 52-62页

作者： Martin, Iain Parkes, Steve Dunstan, Martin Rowell, Nick Univ Dundee Space Technol Ctr Dundee DD1 4HN Scotland

Spacecraft exploration of asteroids presents autonomous-navigation challenges that can be aided by virtual models to test and develop guidance and hazard-avoidance systems. Researchers have extended and applied graphics techniques to create high-resolution asteroid models to simulate cameras and other spacecraft sensors approaching and descending toward asteroids. A scalable model structure with evenly spaced vertices simplifies terrain modeling, avoids distortion at the poles, and enables triangle-strip definition for efficient rendering. To create the base asteroid models, this approach uses two-phase Poisson faulting and Perlin noise. It creates realistic asteroid surfaces by adding both crater models adapted from lunar terrain simulation and multiresolution boulders. The researchers evaluated the virtual asteroids by comparing them with real asteroid images, examining the slope distributions, and applying a surface-relative feature-tracking algorithm to the models.

关键词： Aerospace Computing Aerospace Testing Cameras Entry Descent And Landing Spacecraft Meteorite Craters Planetary Satellites rendering computer graphics Testing Spacecraft Approach Spacecraft Landing Spacecraft Exploration Autonomous Navigation Hazard Avoidance Systems Applied graphics Techniques High Resolution Asteroid Models Camera Simulation Spacecraft Sensors Scalable Model Structure Terrain Modeling Triangle Strip Definition Efficient rendering Two Phase Poisson Faulting Perlin Noise Base Asteroid Models Lunar Terrain Simulation Crater Models Multiresolution Boulders Virtual Asteroid Model Slope Distributions Surface Relative Feature Tracking Algorithm Real Asteroid Images Realistic Asteroid Surfaces Adaptation Models Space Vehicles rendering computer graphics Space Research Rough Surfaces Surface Roughness Moon Asteroids Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Terrain Modeling Fractal Terrain Relative Navigation Vision Guidance computer graphics graphics Visualization

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Simulating How Salt Decay Ages Buildings

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IEEE computer graphics AND APPLICATIONS 2012年第2期32卷 44-54页

作者： Merillou, Nicolas Merillou, Stephane Galin, Eric Ghazanfarpour, Djamchid Univ Limoges F-87065 Limoges France Univ Lyon Lyon France

Human-made structures' appearance depends on various aging phenomena, resulting in complex patterns that vary with time and the environment. Handling such complexity is important in computer graphics to improve virtual scenes' realism. Artists often do this work by hand. Their results are typically very good, but at the price of tediousness and a large amount of bibliographical research to place these patterns correctly on damaged objects. One way to tackle this problem is to provide new aging algorithms. A new model addresses salt-based aging, which leads to rich and common changes in appearance and plays an important part in the realism of scenes featuring stone structures and monuments. This model, based on physical behaviors and principles, replaces the simulation of complex physical formulations with ad hoc algorithms. It leads to plausible results, ultimately helping designers create aging patterns on affected objects.

关键词： Aging Crystallization Computational Modeling Buildings rendering computer graphics Surface Treatment computer graphics Aging And Weathering Phenomena Salt Aging Architectural Aging Realistic rendering

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Toward a Multimodal Diagnostic Exploratory Visualization of Focal Cortical Dysplasia

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IEEE computer graphics AND APPLICATIONS 2018年第3期38卷 73-89页

作者： Wu, Shin-Ting Voltoline, Raphael Loos, Wallace Ivan Rubianes Silva, J. A. Watanabe, Lionis Amorim, Barbara Coan, Ana Cendes, Fernando Yasuda, Clarissa L. Univ Estadual Campinas Dept Comp Engn & Ind Automat Campinas SP Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas Elect Engn Campinas SP Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas Hosp Clin Campinas SP Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas Campinas SP Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas Dept Neurol Child Neurol Campinas SP Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas Dept Neurol Neurol Campinas SP Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas Dept Neurol Campinas SP Brazil

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a malformation of cortical development and a common cause of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Resective surgery of clear-cut lesions may be curative. However, the localization of the seizure focus and the evaluation of its spatial extent can be challenging in many situations. For concordance assessment, medical studies show the relevance of accurate correlation of multisource imaging sequences to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the evaluation. In this paper, we share the process we went through to reach our simple, but effective, solution for integrating multi-volume rendering into an exploratory visualization environment for the diagnosis of FCD. We focus on fetching of multiple data assigned to a sample when they are rendered. Knowing that the major diagnostic role of multiple volumes is to complement information, we demonstrate that appropriate geometric transformations in the texture space are sufficient for accomplishing this task. This allows us to fully implement our proposal in the OpenGL rendering pipeline and to easily integrate it into the existing visual diagnostic application. Both time performance and the visual quality of our proposal were evaluated with a set of clinical data volumes for assessing the potential practical impact of our solution in routine diagnostic use.

关键词： Biomedical MRI Brain Data Visualisation Diseases Image Sequences Image Texture Medical Disorders Medical Image Processing Neurophysiology Patient Diagnosis rendering computer graphics Surgery Multimodal Diagnostic Exploratory Visualization Focal Cortical Dysplasia FCD Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy Resective Surgery Clear Cut Lesions Seizure Focus Concordance Assessment Multisource Imaging Sequences Multivolume rendering Open GL rendering Pipeline Visual Quality Clinical Data Volumes Routine Diagnostic Use Geometric Transformations Texture Space Lesions rendering computer graphics Magnetic Resonance Imaging Medical Diagnostic Imaging Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Life And Medical Sciences Interactive Environments Volume Visualization computer graphics

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Splatting of non rectilinear volumes through stochastic resampling

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND computer graphics 1996年第2期2卷 156-170页

作者： Mao, XY Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci. Yamanashi Univ. Kofu Japan

This paper extends the conventional splatting algorithm for volume rendering non rectilinear grids. A stochastic sampling technique called Poisson sphere/ellipsoid is employed to adaptively resample a non rectilinear grid with a set of randomly distributed points whose energy support extents are well approximated by spheres or ellipsoids. Then volume rendered images can be generated by splatting the scalar values at the new sample points with filter kernels corresponding to these spheres and ellipsoids. Experiments have been carried out to investigate the image quality as well as the time/space efficiency of the new approach, and the results suggest that our approach can be regarded as an alternative for existing fast volume rendering techniques of non rectilinear grids.

关键词： rendering computer graphics Stochastic Processes Statistical Analysis Non Rectilinear Volume Splatting Stochastic Resampling Conventional Splatting Algorithm Non Rectilinear Grids Stochastic Sampling Technique Poisson Sphere Ellipsoid Non Rectilinear Grid Randomly Distributed Points Energy Support Volume Rendered Images Scalar Values Filter Kernels Image Quality Time Space Efficiency Fast Volume rendering Stochastic Processes rendering computer graphics Image Generation Ellipsoids Kernel Shape Feedforward Systems Casting Image Sampling Filters

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Independent and Collaborative Visualization Tool Development Behind-the-Scene Stories of FluoRender

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IEEE computer graphics AND APPLICATIONS 2019年第1期39卷 44-52页

作者： Wan, Yong Hansen, Charles Rhyne, Theresa-Marie Univ Utah Sci Comp & Imaging Inst Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA Univ Utah Sch Comp Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA

Visualization is thriving as an academic discipline. However, the development of visualization heavily relies on applications in other base sciences. We examine the visualization development process, which includes both collaborative development with domain scientists and independent development by visualization tool developers, and tell the behind-the-scene stories of FluoRender.

关键词： Data Visualisation Groupware Visualization Development Process Collaborative Development Visualization Tool Developers Fluo Render Independent Visualization Tool Development Collaborative Visualization Tool Development Data Visualization rendering computer graphics Collaboration Visualization Microscopy Transfer Functions

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graphics Performance in Rich Internet Applications

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IEEE computer graphics AND APPLICATIONS 2012年第5期32卷 98-104页

作者： Hoetzlein, Rama C. Aalborg Univ Dept Architecture & Media Technol Copenhagen Denmark

rendering performance for rich Internet applications (RIAs) has recently focused on the debate between using Flash and HTML5 for streaming video and gaming on mobile devices. A key area not widely explored, however, is the scalability of raw bitmap graphics performance for RIAs. Does Flash render animated sprites faster than HTML5? How much faster is WebGL than Flash? Answers to these questions are essential for developing large-scale data visualizations, online games, and truly dynamic websites. A new test methodology analyzes graphics performance across RIA frameworks and browsers, revealing specific performance outliers in existing frameworks. The results point toward a future in which all online experiences might be GPU accelerated.

关键词： Sprites computer rendering computer graphics graphics Processing Unit Browsers Internet RIA Sprites computer rendering computer graphics graphics Processing Unit Browsers Internet Web GL HTML 5 computer graphics Rich Internet Applications

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Advanced Volume Illumination with Unconstrained Light Source Positioning

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IEEE computer graphics AND APPLICATIONS 2010年第6期30卷 29-41页

作者： Ropinski, Timo Doering, Christian Rezk-Salama, Christof Univ Munster Inst Comp Sci D-4400 Munster Germany Univ Siegen D-57068 Siegen Germany

Advanced illumination models can support depth perception. However, for volume rendering, gradient-based shading models are still the standard. This is because the computation of more advanced lighting effects is expensive and thus strongly affects rendering performance. Nevertheless, interactive frame rates are important for both the interactive design of visual representations and the exploration process. An interactive volumetric lighting model simulates scattering and shadowing to generate high-quality images. Compared to gradient-based shading, this model achieves superior image quality and higher frame rates. To evaluate this model, a user study had participants perform depth perception tasks. The study's results indicate that this model can significantly improve depth perception, compared to conventional gradient-based volume shading. Additionally, because this model isn't based on a gradient computation, it's less sensitive to noise and therefore applicable to imaging modalities suffering from a low signal-to-noise ratio, such as magnetic resonance imaging or 3D ultrasound.

关键词： Lighting Scattering rendering computer graphics Light Sources Computational Modeling Solid Modeling Shadow Mapping graphics And Multimedia 3 D graphics Realism Color Shading Shadowing Texture computer graphics

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Volume rendering phenotype differences in mouse placenta microscopy data

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COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2007年第1期9卷 38-47页

作者： Sharp, Richard P. Ridgway, Randall Mosaliganti, Kishore Wenzel, Pamela Pan, Tony de Bruin, Alain Machiraju, Raghu Huang, Kun Leone, Gustavo Saltz, Joel H. Ohio State Univ Dept Biomed Informat Columbus OH 43210 USA Ohio State Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Columbus OH 43210 USA Ohio State Univ Dept Bioinformat Columbus OH 43210 USA Ohio State Univ Dept Human Canc Genet Columbus OH 43210 USA

The authors examine phenotype differences in wildtype and retinoblostoma (Rb) knockout sped. mens of mouse placenta. Their method for volume visualization of tissue-level intermixing at a microscopic scale reveals dif... 详细信息

关键词： Biological Organs Cancer Medical Computing rendering computer graphics Volume rendering Phenotype Differences Mouse Placenta Microscopy Data Wildtype Knockout Specimen Retinoblastoma Knockout Specimen Volume Visualization Tissue Level Intermixing Mice Microscopy Image Segmentation Data Visualization Computed Tomography Cancer rendering computer graphics Image Reconstruction Humans Embryo Visualization Volume rendering Histology Biological Segmentation

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Interactive illustrative rendering on mobile devices

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IEEE computer graphics AND APPLICATIONS 2007年第3期27卷 48-56页

作者： Huang, Jingshu Bue, Brian Pattath, Avin Ebert, David S. Thomas, Krystal M. Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA USAF Res Lab Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA

Adapting desktop-based automated illustration techniques to satisfy mobile device restrictions entails many challenges. The MobileVis system implements advanced illustrative rendering techniques to let users interacti... 详细信息

关键词： Data Visualisation Interactive Systems Mobile Computing rendering computer graphics Solid Modelling Structural Engineering Computing Interactive Illustrative Text rendering System Mobile Devices Interactive Cutaway Views Ghosted Views Silhouettes Selective rendering Mobile Vis System Interactive Illustrative 3 D graphics System 3 D Model Interior Structures Visualization rendering computer graphics graphics Three Dimensional Displays Laboratories Clocks Handheld computers Java Research And Development Application Software Mobile Computing Mobile Devices Visualization Illustration CAD

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Realistic rendering in "Details"

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IEEE computer graphics AND APPLICATIONS 2021年第4期41卷 20-26页

作者： Foley, Jim Georgia Inst Technol Atlanta GA 30332 USA

rendering is far from solved. Even today, the rendered results still look artificial and overly perfect. To make rendering more realistic, we need details. However, rendering a complex surface with lots of details is far from easy. Traditionally, the surface microstructure is approximated using a smooth statistical distribution, but this ignores all the details on the surface, completely eliminating the "glinty" visual effects that are easily observable in the real world. While modeling the actual surface microstructure is possible, the resulting rendering problem is prohibitively expensive using Monte Carlo point sampling. We consider the highly complicated distribution of normals on a surface patch seen through a single pixel, and evaluate this actual distribution efficiently with closed-form solutions, in both geometric and wave optics. Results show complicated, temporally varying glints from materials such as bumpy plastics, brushed and scratched metals, metallic paint and ocean waves-bringing the interesting and important details to computer graphics for the first time.

关键词： Gaussian Distribution Monte Carlo Methods Normal Distribution rendering computer graphics Surface Roughness Realistic rendering Rendered Results Complex Surface Smooth Statistical Distribution Glinty Visual Effects Actual Surface Microstructure Resulting rendering Problem Monte Carlo Point Sampling Surface Patch Actual Distribution Closed Form Solutions Geometric Wave Optics Metallic Paint Ocean Waves Interesting Details Important Details Sea Surface Surface Waves Statistical Distributions rendering computer graphics Visual Effects Microstructure Plastics

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