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Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and Precipitation V

作者： Yan Huanhuan Wang Weihe Chen Liangfu China Meteorol Adm Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Remote Sensing Applicat State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Normal Univ Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781628413267

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) has a significant impact on the urban environment pollution and global climate. Compared with regional ground monitoring networks, satellite remote sensing technology provides an unprecedented advantage for continuous, large spatial and short-revisit monitoring for atmospheric SO2. Approaches for retrieval of SO2 from ultraviolet satellite observations have been developed and applied to detection of volcanic SO2 and regional emissions. However, these retrieval algorithms rarely consider the temperature variation effect on SO2 retrievals, and simply use the absorption coefficient at a constant temperature as inputs for SO2 retrievals. In this study, hyperspectral OMI measurements were used to analyze the temperature effects on the retrieval of SO2 columns. Results of DOAS algorithm showed that with increasing SO2 concentration, the retrieval errors caused by temperature effects accumulated, and the differences in SO2 columns increased to a maximum of similar to 25 DU (SO2 column of 293K: similar to 65 DU). Therefore, atmospheric temperature is an important factor which has significant influence to high precise atmospheric SO2 retrievals.

关键词： SO2 retrieval algorithm Temperature effect Remote sensing

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Advancing measurements of tropospheric NO₂ from space: New algorithm and first global results fromOMPS

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GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2014年第13期41卷 4777-4786页

作者： Yang, Kai Carn, Simon A. Ge, Cui Wang, Jun Dickerson, Russell R. Univ Maryland Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci College Pk MD 20742 USA Michigan Technol Univ Dept Geol & Min Engn & Sci Houghton MI 49931 USA Univ Nebraska Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci Lincoln NE USA

We present a new algorithm based on the iterative spectral fitting technique for direct retrieval of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) vertical columns from hyperspectral satellite measurements, and a new spatial technique for separating the stratospheric and tropospheric contributions to the total NO2 vertical columns. This direct vertical column fitting (DVCF) algorithm allows more complete treatment of underlying algorithm physics compared to the differential optical absorption spectroscopy technique and enables more accurate accounting for the effects of spectral and altitude variations in NO2 measurement sensitivities. This DVCF algorithm and the stratosphere-troposphere separation scheme are applied to ultraviolet measurements from the Nadir Mapper of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership spacecraft. The first results demonstrate the potential of OMPS for sensitive global monitoring of tropospheric NO2. Comparisons show good agreement with Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) tropospheric NO2 data and that OMPS data have sufficient quality to continue and extend OMI NO2 data records.

关键词： tropospheric nitrogen dioxide retrieval algorithm stratosphere-troposphere separation OMPS air pollution

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Greenhouse gas profiling by infrared-laser and microwave occultation in cloudy air: Results from end-to-end simulations

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JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 2014年第21期119卷 12372-12390页

作者： Proschek, V. Kirchengast, G. Emde, C. Schweitzer, S. Graz Univ Wegener Ctr Climate & Global Change Graz Austria Graz Univ Inst Phys Inst Geophys Astrophys & Meteorol Graz Austria Univ Munich Inst Meteorol D-80539 Munich Germany Joanneum Res ForschungsgesmbH Inst Surface Technol & Photon Weiz Austria

The new mission concept of microwave and infrared-laser occultation between Low Earth Orbit satellites (LMIO) is capable to provide accurate, consistent, and long-term stable measurements of many essential climate variables. These include temperature, humidity, key greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide and methane, and line of sight wind speed, all with focus on profiling the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The GHG retrieval performance from LMIO data was so far analyzed under clear-air conditions only, without clouds and scintillations from turbulence. Here we present and evaluate an algorithm, built into an already published clear-air algorithm, which copes with cloud and scintillation influences on the infrared-laser transmission profiles used for GHG retrieval. We find that very thin ice clouds fractionally extinct the infrared-laser signals, thicker but broken ice clouds block them over limited altitude ranges, and liquid water clouds generally block them so that their cloud top altitudes typically constitute the limit to tropospheric penetration of profiles. The advanced algorithm penetrates through broken cloudiness. It achieves this by producing a cloud flagging profile from cloud-perturbed infrared-laser signals, which then enables bridging of transmission profile gaps via interpolation. Evaluating the retrieval performance with quasi-realistic end-to-end simulations, including high-resolution cloud data and scintillations from turbulence, we find a small increase only of GHG retrieval RMS errors due to broken-cloud scenes and the profiles remain essentially unbiased as in clear air. These results are encouraging for future LMIO implementation, indicating that GHG profiles can be retrieved through broken cloudiness, maximizing upper troposphere coverage.

关键词： infrared-laser occultation greenhouse gases cloudy air ACCURATE satellite mission climate benchmark retrieval algorithm

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Intercomparison of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide retrieved from Ozone Monitoring Instrument over China

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ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH 2014年第4期5卷 686-695页

作者： Zheng, Fengjie Yu, Tao Cheng, Tianhai Gu, Xingfa Guo, Hong Chinese Acad Sci Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth Beijing 100864 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing Peoples R China

Tropospheric NO2 columns observed from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) were evaluated and the seasonal characteristics were analyzed at eastern China with surface measurements. A comparison between the DP (DOMINO) and SP (Standard Product) tropospheric NO2 products from OMI different algorithms shows similar spatial and temporal variability, but DP is generally higher than SP by 13% in wintertime and lower 9% in summertime on average over East China. Larger differences occur on the significantly contaminated regions. The differences in seasonality are associated with emissions sources. In order to investigate and monitor the air pollution monitoring over east China, the relative contributions of the stratosphere-troposphere separation and air mass factors calculations to the observed difference between DP and SP tropospheric NO2 columns were compared. The seasonal difference due to stratosphere-troposphere separation is opposite in sign to the tropospheric vertical columns. Air mass factors (AMFs) of DP are smaller than SP AMFs, leading to higher DP tropospheric columns. Impacts induced by different AMFs calculation are crucial. Then, the differences of four cities in significant polluted areas were compared. The results showed apparent discrepancies between two products in local region with irregular monthly variation, however the seasonal mean columns demonstrated that basically DP is larger than SP. Overall, this study analyses the discrepancies in DP and SP, as well as the seasonal variations over East China which is an important implication for the control of nitrogen oxides.

关键词： Nitrogen dioxides retrieval algorithm DOMINO Standard Product East China

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Release 2 data products from the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Limb Profiler 19

Release 2 data products from the Ozone Mapping and Profiler ...

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Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XIX and Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems XVII

作者： Xu, Philippe Q. Bhartia, Pawan K. Jaross, Glen R. DeLand, Matthew T. Larsen, Jack C. Fleig, Albert Kahn, Daniel Zhu, Tong Chen, Zhong Gorkavyi, Nick Warner, Jeremy Linda, Mike Chen, Hong Kowitt, Mark Haken, Michael Hall, Peter Sci Applicat Intl Corp SAIC Beltsville MD 20705 USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr Greenbelt MD 20771 USA SSAI Lanham MD 20706 USA PITA Analyt Sci Bethesda MD 20817 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781628413052

The OMPS Limb Profiler (LP) was launched on board the NASA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite in October 2011. OMPS-LP is a limb-scattering hyperspectral sensor that provides ozone profiling capability at 1.8 km vertical resolution from cloud top to 60 km altitude. The use of three parallel slits allows global coverage in approximately four days. We have recently completed a full reprocessing of all LP data products, designated as Release 2, that improves the accuracy and quality of these products. Level 1 gridded radiance (L1G) changes include intra-orbit and seasonal correction of variations in wavelength registration, revised static and intra-orbit tangent height adjustments, and simplified pixel selection from multiple images. Ozone profile retrieval changes include removal of the explicit aerosol correction, exclusion of channels contaminated by stratospheric OH emission, a revised instrument noise characterization, improved synthetic solar spectrum, improved pressure and temperature ancillary data, and a revised ozone climatology. Release 2 data products also include aerosol extinction coefficient profiles derived with the prelaunch retrieval algorithm. Our evaluation of OMPS LP Release 2 data quality is good. Zonal average ozone profile comparisons with Aura MLS data typically show good agreement, within 5-10% over the altitude range 20-50 km between 60 degrees S and 60 degrees N. The aerosol profiles agree well with concurrent satellite measurements such as CALIPSO and OSIRIS, and clearly detect exceptional events such as volcanic eruptions and the Chelyabinsk bolide in February 2013.

关键词： Remote Sensing Limb Scatter Ozone Vertical Profiling Hyperspectral retrieval algorithm Data Products

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retrieval and validation of global, direct, and diffuse irradiance derived from SEVIRI satellite observations

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JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES 2013年第5期118卷 2340-2361页

作者： Greuell, W. Meirink, J. F. Wang, P. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI De Bilt Netherlands

This paper discusses Surface Insolation under Clear and Cloudy skies derived from SEVIRI imagery (SICCS), a physics-based, empirically adjusted algorithm developed for estimation of surface solar irradiance from satellite data. Its most important input are a cloud mask product and cloud properties derived from Meteosat/Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) observations. These observations set the characteristics of the output, namely, a temporal resolution of 15 min, a nadir spatial resolution of 3 x 3 km(2), the period from January 2004 until at least November 2012, and the domain equal to most of the Meteosat disc. SICCS computes global, direct, and diffuse irradiance separately. Direct irradiance for cloudy skies is estimated with an empirical method. Hourly means retrieved with SICCS were validated with data from eight Baseline Surface Radiation Network stations for the year 2006. We found median values of the station biases of +6W/m(2) (+5%) for direct irradiance, +1W/m(2) (+1%) for diffuse irradiance, and +7 W/m(2) (+2%) for global irradiance. Replacing the three-hourly aerosol optical thickness input by monthly means introduces considerable additional biases in the clear-sky direct (-6%) and diffuse (+26%) irradiances. The performance of SICCS does not degrade when snow covers the surface. Biases do not vary with cloud optical thickness and cloud particle radius. However, the bias in global transmissivity tends to decrease with increasing cloud heterogeneity, and the bias in direct transmissivity is a function of the solar zenith angle. We discuss why satellite retrieval of surface solar irradiance is relatively successful.

关键词： satellite data surface solar irradiance retrieval algorithm validation

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Knowledge-based functional conceptual design: Model, representation, and implementation

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CONCURRENT ENGINEERING-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2013年第2期21卷 103-120页

作者： Ma, Jin Hu, Jie Zheng, Kai Peng, Ying-Hong Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Mech Engn Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

Conceptual design is thus crucial to define new creative products. During conceptual design process, knowledge derivate from different domains is required to achieve a creative design. However, most of the design models restrict their representation to a specific domain. Knowledge representation for multidisciplinary is still an incipient issue for engineering design researchers. Moreover, to increase the robustness of design resolutions is another problem obsessing designers. This article proposes an adapted Gero's Function-Behavior-State model (Requirement-Function-Behavior-Principle solutions) to aid creative design activities during conceptual design stage by introducing an integrated cross-domain knowledge representation methodology, to increase robustness by reusing existing cases knowledge through retrieval algorithm, and to realize effectiveness by putting forward a design synthesis methodology. Finally, a prototype system named knowledge-based innovative conceptual design system is developed to implement our approaches, and effectiveness of the proposed model is illustrated with a detailed example related to the design of eye movement apparatus incorporated with oculomotor machine of vision prosthesis for acquired blindness, with an overall design procedure classified.

关键词： Conceptual design modeling knowledge representation retrieval algorithm design synthesis

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SMOSAR algorithm FOR SOIL MOISTURE retrieval USING SENTINEL-1 DATA

SMOSAR ALGORITHM FOR SOIL MOISTURE RETRIEVAL USING SENTINEL-...

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IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)

作者： Balenzano, Anna Mattia, Francesco Satalino, Giuseppe Pauwels, Valentijn Snoeij, Paul CNR ISSIA I-70126 Bari Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781467311595

This paper describes and assesses the quality of the algorithm, "Soil MOisture retrieval from multi-temporal SAR data" (SMOSAR), developed in view of the forthcoming European Space Agency (ESA) Sentinel-1 (S-1) mission. SMOSAR retrieves soil moisture (m(v)) products at high spatial resolution (i.e. less than 1km) from dense time series of either single (i.e. HH or VV) or dual polarized (i.e. HH+HV or VV+VH) S-1 data. The assessment of the algorithm performance is based on time series of ENVISAT/ASAR data collected over the DEMMIN site (Germany) in 2006 and over the Matera site (Italy) in 2003 and 2005 and RADARSAT-2 data acquired over the Flevoland site (The Netherlands) in 2009. Results indicate that mv can be retrieved with an accuracy of 5% at HH polarization, whereas at VV polarization more investigations are required to provide reliable figure for the retrievable accuracy.

关键词： Sentinel-1 soil moisture retrieval algorithm Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) hydrology

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Simple measurement of picosecond laser pulses in a wavelength range above 1μm

Simple measurement of picosecond laser pulses in a wavelengt...

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Conference on High-Power, High-Energy, and High-Intensity Laser Technology;and Research Using Extreme Light - Entering New Frontiers with Petawatt-Class Lasers

作者： Smrz, Martin Miura, Taisuke Straka, Petr Endo, Akira Mocek, Tomas AS CR Acad Sci Hilase project Slovance 2 Prague 18221 8 Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9780819495822

Several simple single-beam non-interferometric measuring techniques for ultrashort laser pulse analysis have been proposed lately (e.g. MIIPS, dispersoscopy). They are based on a compensation of the pulse spectral phase by an acousto-optic pulse shaper followed by a SHG crystal, for example. The output signal is detected by a nonlinear optical medium. Dispersoscopy was originally verified by broadband pulses of Ti:sapphire oscillator and has never been tested in different spectral range or on narrow band subpicosecond pulses. We modified such a dispersoscope for measurement of sub picosecond pulses of an Yb:YAG renerative amplifier generating at wavelength of 1030nm. We also modified the device for measurement of picosecond pulses having their mid-IR wavelength in the range between 2 and 3 microns.

关键词： pulse measurement pulse retrieval picosecond pulses retrieval algorithm pulse stretcher

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SMOSAR algorithm FOR SOIL MOISTURE retrieval USING SENTINEL-1 DATA

SMOSAR ALGORITHM FOR SOIL MOISTURE RETRIEVAL USING SENTINEL-...

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IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium

作者： Anna Balenzano Francesco Mattia Giuseppe Satalino Valentijn Pauwels Paul Snoeij Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) - Istituto di Studi sui Sistemi Intelligenti per l'Automazione (ISSIA) Ghent University - Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management (LHWM) European Space Agency (ESA) - European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC)

ISBN: (纸本)9781467311601

This paper describes and assesses the quality of the algorithm, "Soil MOisture retrieval from multi-temporal SAR data" (SMOSAR), developed in view of the forthcoming European Space Agency (ESA) Sentinel-1 (S-1) mission. SMOSAR retrieves soil moisture (m_v) products at high spatial resolution (i.e. less than 1km) from dense time series of either single (i.e. HH or VV) or dual polarized (i.e. HH+HV or VV+VH) S-1 data. The assessment of the algorithm performance is based on time series of ENVISAT/ASAR data collected over the DEMMIN site (Germany) in 2006 and over the Matera site (Italy) in 2003 and 2005 and RADARSAT-2 data acquired over the Flevoland site (The Netherlands) in 2009. Results indicate that m_v can be retrieved with an accuracy of 5% at HH polarization, whereas at VV polarization more investigations are required to provide reliable figure for the retrievable accuracy.

关键词： Sentinel-1 Soil moisture retrieval algorithm Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Hydrology Soil moisture algorithms retrieval Time series EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY Flevoland Dual Motor ships Anatomic Site

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