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Series Active Variable Geometry Suspension: Full-Car Prototyping and road testing

IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS 2022年第3期27卷 1332-1344页

作者： Yu, Min Cheng, Cheng Evangelou, Simos Dini, Daniele Imperial Coll London Dept Elect & Elect Engn London SW7 2AZ England Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Artificial Intelligence & Automat Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Imperial Coll London Dept Mech Engn London SW7 2AZ England

In this article, a full-car prototype of the recently proposed mechatronic suspension, series active variable geometry suspension (SAVGS), is developed for the on-road driving experimental proof of concept, aiming to be adopted by suspension original equipment manufacturers as an alternative solution to fully active suspensions. Particularly, mechanical modifications are performed to both corners of the front double-wishbone suspension of a production car with active single link attached to the upper ends of the spring-damper units, while both corners of the rear suspension remain in the original (passive) configurations. The mechanical modifications involve innovatively designed parts to enable the desired suspension performance improvements while maintaining ride harshness at the conventional levels. A real-time embedded system is further developed to primarily implement power supply, data acquisition, and measurements of the vehicle dynamics-related variables, and robust control application for the ride comfort and road holding enhancement, which is based on a derived linearized model of the full-car dynamics and a newly synthesized H-infinity control scheme. The results obtained from the on-road driving experiments are in essential agreement with numerical simulation results also produced. Overall, the full-car prototype of SAVGS demonstrates promising suspension performance with an average 3 dB attenuation (or equivalently 30% reduction) of the chassis vertical acceleration at around the human-sensitive frequencies (2-5 Hz), as compared with the original vehicle with the passive suspension system. More importantly, the prototype also indicates the practicality of the solution, as the SAVGS retrofit to a real car is achieved by simple mechanical modifications, compact actuator packaging, small mass increment (21.5 kg increase with respect to the original vehicle), limited power usage (an average value of 134 W in dc batteries with a Class D random road), and acc

关键词： Suspensions (mechanical systems) roads Mechatronics Prototypes Automobiles Vehicle dynamics IEEE transactions Active suspension full-car prototype road testing robust control

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Design and Implementation of Novel testing System for Intelligent Tire Development: From Bench to road

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SENSORS 2025年第8期25卷

作者： Wu, Ti Zhang, Xiaolong Wang, Dong Zhang, Weigong Pan, Deng Tao, Liang Southeast Univ Sch Instrument Sci & Engn Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Anhui Agr Univ Sch Engn Hefei 230036 Peoples R China Giti Tire China R&D Ctr 88 Danxia Rd Hefei 230601 Peoples R China

Intelligent tire technology significantly enhances vehicle performance and driving safety by integrating sensors and electronics within the tire to facilitate the real-time monitoring of tire-road interactions. However, its testing and validation face challenges due to the absence of integrated bench and road testing frameworks. This paper introduces a novel, comprehensive testing system designed to support the full lifecycle development of intelligent tire technologies across both laboratory and real-world driving scenarios, focusing on accelerometer and strain-based sensing. Featuring a modular, distributed architecture, the system integrates an instrumented wheel equipped with multiple embedded tire sensors and a wheel force transducer (WFT), as well as vehicle motion and driving behavior sensors. A robust data acquisition platform based on NI CompactRIO supports multiple-channel high-precision sensing, with sampling rates of up to 50 kHz. The system ensures that data performance aligns with diverse intelligent tire sensing principles, supports a wide range of test parameters, and meets the distinct needs of each development stage. The testing system was applied and validated in a tire vertical load estimation study, which systematically explored and validated estimation methods using multiple accelerometers and PVDF sensors, compared sensor characteristics and estimation performance under different installation positions and sensor types, and culminated in a product-level assessment in road conditions. The experimental results confirmed the higher accuracy of accelerometers in vertical load estimation, validated the developed estimation algorithms and the intelligent tire product, and demonstrated the functionality and performance of the testing system. This work provides a versatile and reliable platform for advancing intelligent tire technologies, supporting both future research and industrial applications.

关键词： intelligent tire technology accelerometer PVDF sensor strain vertical load estimation research platform road testing wheel force transducer

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Performance Evaluation of a Nylon-like Polyester Tire Cord Combining the Characteristics of Nylon and Polyester

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POLYMERS 2024年第12期16卷 1645页

作者： Tian, Liyong Zhang, Yangfan Zhu, Haibin Gan, Feng Yi, Ningbo Wu, Yancheng Wuyi Univ Coll Text Sci & Engn Jiangmen 529020 Peoples R China Indorama Ventures Mobil Kaiping Co Ltd Kaiping 529300 Peoples R China

A nylon-like polyester tire cord, which combined the characteristics of nylon and polyester tire cords, was designed as the carcass reinforcement material used to meet the increasing demands of the tire industry for performance and impact on the environment. Tires' carcass construction plays a crucial role in affecting handling performance and ride comfort. Small changes in the carcass component can lead to significant improvements in the total tire/vehicle performance. This study evaluated the performance of nylon-like polyester and nylon 6 motorcycle tires. The results showed that the nylon-like polyester tire passed all indoor tests, and post-cure inflation (PCI) could be eliminated, resulting in energy and cost savings. The rolling resistance coefficient of the nylon-like polyester tire was reduced by 6.8% compared to that of the nylon 6 control tire, which could save fuel and have a positive impact on the environment. Nylon-like polyester tire cord extracted from the experimental tire possessed a higher modulus compared to that of nylon 6 tire cord, which could lead to better handling and ride comfort performance. Morphological pictures showed that both nylon-like polyester and nylon 6 cords extracted from tires had a good rubber coverage and comparable adhesion properties.

关键词： nylon-like polyester tire cord tire performance indoor testing rolling resistance road testing

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Strength testing of a modular trailer with a sandwich platform

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EKSPLOATACJA I NIEZAWODNOSC-MAINTENANCE AND RELIABILITY 2022年第1期24卷 163-169页

作者： Mysior, Marek Pietrucha, Grzegorz Koziolek, Sebastian Wroclaw Univ Sci & Technol Fac Mech Engn Dept Machine & Vehicle Design & Res Ul Lukasiewicza 7-9 PL-50371 Wroclaw Poland HONEYtech Sp Zoo Huta 58 PL-98360 Lututow Poland

The article presents the experimental strength evaluation of modular car trailers with a maxi-mum permissible total mass of up to 3500 kg and its application to assess the mechanical strength of box-type car trailers. Tests were carried out using an original test bench dedicated to fatigue testing. They aimed to compare a trailer made in traditional technology with a trailer equipped with a load-carrying structure containing a sandwich panel. As a result of the conducted work, the displacement values of the measurement points were measured. The deformation form of the trailer made in the traditional technology was compared with the trailer containing the sandwich panel. The proposed method of experimental strength evalu-ation of modular car trailers enables a quantitative assessment of the mechanical strength of the load-carrying structures of trailers. This results in improved safety of trailer operation in road traffic by identifying the critical elements of the load-carrying structure at the early design phase before the trailer is allowed to run on the road.

关键词： fatigue life light trailer road testing sandwich panel honeycomb

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Real time implementation of socially acceptable collision avoidance of a low speed autonomous shuttle using the elastic band method

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MECHATRONICS 2018年 50卷 341-355页

作者： Wang, Haoan Tota, Antonio Aksun-Guvenc, Bilin Guvenc, Levent Ohio State Univ Ctr Automot Res Automated Driving Lab Columbus OH 43212 USA Ohio State Univ Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn Columbus OH 43212 USA Ohio State Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Columbus OH 43212 USA Politecn Torino Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn I-10129 Turin Italy

This paper presents the real time implementation of socially acceptable collision avoidance using the elastic band method for low speed autonomous shuttles operating in high pedestrian density environments. The modeling and validation of the research autonomous vehicle used in the experimental implementation is presented first, followed by the details of the Hardware-In-the-Loop connected and autonomous vehicle simulator used. The socially acceptable collision avoidance algorithm is formulated using the elastic band method as an online, local path modification algorithm. Parameter space based robust feedback plus feedforward steering controller design is used. Model-in-the-loop, Hardware-In-the-Loop and road testing in a proving ground are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the real time implementation of the elastic band based socially acceptable collision avoidance method of this paper.

关键词： Socially acceptable collision avoidance Collision avoidance Autonomous shuttle Elastic band method Hardware-in-the-loop simulation road testing

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Thermal network model development for an extended range electric vehicle battery pack with experimental verification through dynamic environmental exposure

Thermal network model development for an extended range elec...

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作者： Ryan Filion University of Ontario

学位级别：硕士

The primary objective of this thesis was to develop a thermal simulation model of the Chevrolet Volt battery pack, with focus placed on the influence of packaging components external to the cell modules, and on the pack's response to ambient environmental influences. The thermal network model representing the pack was refined experimentally using heat flux and temperature measurements taken over a series of more than 100 laboratory test runs on a production vehicle battery pack. The initial model representing lab conditions produced simulation results with very good accuracy, comparable to the level of signal noise itself. The verified and calibrated lab model was then modified to match the environment of the real vehicle, taking into consideration engine bay temperature, chassis temperature, underbody convection, and road radiation. This full thermal model was further checked using road test data, and still reproduced temperature and heat flow with accuracy comparable to the initial lab test runs. The final thermal network representation can be employed in conjunction with a separate powertrain simulation model to perform a complete vehicle dynamic analysis regarding battery thermal effects through a wide range of drive profiles combined with environmental exposure conditions.

关键词： dynamic thermal model thermal network battery pack PHEV EREV battery thermal management heat flux measurement air flow measurement road testing Chevrolet Volt

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road testing OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE IN MACAU

ROAD TESTING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE IN MACAU

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24th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： Ching, T. W. Univ Macau Dept Electromech Engn Taipa Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424497898

Electric vehicles (EVs) are clean due to their zero local emissions and low global emissions. They are also green due to their environmental friendliness, since electricity can be generated by renewable sources. Despite these obvious benefits, EVs have not been widely used around the world;the key reasons are due to their high price, short driving range or lack of charging facilities. With the growing concerns on price fluctuation, depletion of petroleum resources and global warming, there is fast growing interest on EVs in Macau. A Mitsubishi "i-MiEV" was used for experiment and evaluation, the gasoline-powered counterpart "i" will be used as benchmark. In this paper, the performance of EV is evaluated specifically in sub-tropical environment of Macau.

关键词： Green vehicles electric vehicles road testing CO2 emission

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FATIGUE FEATURES EXTRACTION OF road LOAD TIME DATA USING THE S-TRANSFORM

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY 2013年第5期14卷 805-815页

作者： Abdullah, S. Nizwan, C. K. E. Yunoh, M. F. M. Nuawi, M. Z. Nopiah, Z. M. Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia Fac Engn & Built Enviroment Dept Mech & Mat Engn Bangi 43600 Selangor Malaysia Univ Malaysia Pahang Pekan 26600 Pahang Malaysia Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia Fundamental Engn Studies Unit Fac Engn & Built Enviroment Bangi 43600 Selangor Malaysia

This paper presents the algorithm development of a new fatigue data editing technique using S-T approach. In general, the S-transform (S-T) is a time-frequency spectral localization method which performs a multi-resolution analysis on signal. This method represents a better time-frequency resolution especially for non-stationary signal analysis. This technique was developed to produce shortened fatigue data for fatigue durability testing. The S-T method was applied to detect the damaging events contained in the fatigue signals due to high S-T spectrum location. The damaging events were extracted from an original fatigue signal to produce the shortened edited signal which has equivalent fatigue damage. Three types of road load fatigue data were used for simulation purpose, pave track, highway and country road. In this study, an algorithm was developed, to detect the damaging events in the original fatigue signal. The algorithm can be used to extract the fatigue damaging events and these events were combined in order to produce a new edited signal which neglect the low amplitude cycles. The edited signal consists of the majority of the original fatigue damage in the shortened signal with 15-25% time reduction. Thus, it has been suggested that this shortened signal can then be used in the laboratory fatigue testing for the purpose of accelerated fatigue testing.

关键词： Fatigue data editing road testing Random loading S-transform Signal processing

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Predicting road Test Performance in Adults with Cognitive or Visual Impairment Referred to a Veterans Affairs Medical Center Driving Clinic

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY 2012年第11期60卷 2070-2074页

作者： Niewoehner, Patricia M. Henderson, Rochelle R. Dalchow, Jami Beardsley, Tracy L. Stern, Robert A. Carr, David B. Vet Affairs Med Ctr St Louis MO 63125 USA So Illinois Univ Edwardsville IL 62026 USA Univ S Dakota Med Ctr Sanford Hlth Sioux Falls SD USA Boston Univ Sch Med Alzheimers Dis Ctr Boston MA 02118 USA Washington Univ Sch Med Div Geriatr & Nutr Sci Rehabil Inst St Louis St Louis MO USA

Objectives To develop a screening battery for office-based clinicians that would assist with the prediction of impaired driving performance and deciding who should proceed to road testing in a sample of adults with cognitive or visual deficits. Design Prospective observational study. Setting Driving evaluation clinic at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) in St. Louis, Missouri. Participants Seventy-seven individuals aged 23 to 91 with diagnoses of cognitive or visual impairment or both referred to an occupational therapy based driving clinic by VAMC providers because of concerns regarding driving safety. Measurements Predictor variables included tests of visual and cognitive functioning and activities of daily living. The major outcome was pass or fail on a standardized performance-based on-road driving test. Results Thirty percent of the referrals failed the road test. The best predictors of driving performance were the Trail-Making Test Part A and the Mazes Test from the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery. Conclusion Measures of visual search, psychomotor speed, and executive functioning accurately predicted road test performance in a significant number of participants. These brief tests may assist clinicians in deciding who should proceed with a road test in a driver rehabilitation clinic or perhaps to whom it should be recommended to cease driving. J Am Geriatr Soc 60: 2070-2074, 2012.

关键词： automobile driving driving safety psychometric testing road testing

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Development of a theory of implementation and integration: Normalization Process Theory

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IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE 2009年第1期4卷 1-9页

作者： May, Carl R. Mair, Frances Finch, Tracy MacFarlane, Anne Dowrick, Christopher Treweek, Shaun Rapley, Tim Ballini, Luciana Ong, Bie Nio Rogers, Anne Murray, Elizabeth Elwyn, Glyn Legare, France Gunn, Jane Montori, Victor M. Univ Newcastle Inst Hlth & Soc Newcastle Upon Tyne Tyne & Wear England Univ Glasgow Div Gen Practice Glasgow Lanark Scotland Natl Univ Ireland Dept Gen Practice Galway Ireland Univ Liverpool Sch Populat & Behav Sci Liverpool L69 3BX Merseyside England Univ Dundee Ctr Primary Care & Populat Res Dundee Scotland Agenzia Sanit & Sociale Reg Bologna Italy Keele Univ Arthrit Res Campaign Natl Primary Care Ctr Keele Staffs England Univ Manchester Natl Primary Care Res & Dev Ctr Manchester Lancs England UCL Dept Primary Care London England Cardiff Univ Sch Med Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care Cardiff Wales Univ Laval Dept Family Med Quebec City PQ Canada Univ Melbourne Dept Gen Practice Melbourne Vic Australia Mayo Clin Knowledge & Encounter Res Unit Rochester MN USA

Background: Theories are important tools in the social and natural sciences. The methods by which they are derived are rarely described and discussed. Normalization Process Theory explains how new technologies, ways of acting, and ways of working become routinely embedded in everyday practice, and has applications in the study of implementation processes. This paper describes the process by which it was built. Methods: Between 1998 and 2008, we developed a theory. We derived a set of empirical generalizations from analysis of data collected in qualitative studies of healthcare work and organization. We developed an applied theoretical model through analysis of empirical generalizations. Finally, we built a formal theory through a process of extension and implication analysis of the applied theoretical model. Results: Each phase of theory development showed that the constructs of the theory did not conflict with each other, had explanatory power, and possessed sufficient robustness for formal testing. As the theory developed, its scope expanded from a set of observed regularities in data with procedural explanations, to an applied theoretical model, to a formal middle-range theory. Conclusion: Normalization Process Theory has been developed through procedures that were properly sceptical and critical, and which were opened to review at each stage of development. The theory has been shown to merit formal testing.

关键词： Collective Action road testing Empirical Generalization Telemedicine System Primary Care Mental Health

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