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A Model for Capacity Reduction at roadwork Zone

Transportation Research Procedia 2016年 15卷 245-256页

作者： Per Strömgren Johan Olstam Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) SE VTI SE

This paper presents an investigation of capacity reduction in connection with roadwork. The paper presents a state-of-the-art description on roadwork effects on capacity. The state-of-the art has been used to develop a model for estimation of capacity reduction at roadwork zone on Swedish roads. The model has partly been validated with empirical data from a full scale test at the freeway network in Gothenburg. The studies presented in the literature shows that capacity differs not only between different roadwork designs but also between roadwork with similar design. Thus, one can conclude that there is a high variation between the roadwork zone due to effects of surrounding elements, such as the type of work and external effects such as rain (which affects the capacity even under normal conditions). The differences that exist in the estimation of capacity for motorway sections next to a roadwork zone can be said to consist of four situation-specific variables. These four variables are: the percentage of heavy vehicles, type of road, the width of the remaining lanes and diversion of traffic to the opposite carriageway. An increasing proportion of heavy vehicles have a negative impact on roadwork zone capacity. An increasing complexity of work, from light barrier works to extensive bridge repair, has a negative impact on performance. An increased lane width has a positive effect on capacity. The diversion of traffic to the opposite carriageway is often the cause of the bottleneck and therefore has a significance effect on capacity. The conclusion from the literature review is that the most important parameters that should be incorporated in a Swedish capacity manual for the operation and maintenance of roadwork are: the proportion of heavy traffic, lane width, type of roadwork, number of closed lanes, closed road shoulder, proportion of commuter traffic and length of roadwork zone. In general, there have been (too) few empirical studies focusing on the differences in

关键词： roadwork motorway capacity

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Effects of roadwork characteristics and drivers' individual differences on speed preferences in a rural work zone

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ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2019年 132卷 105263-105263页

作者： Steinbakk, Renata Torquato Ulleberg, Pal Sagberg, Fridulv Fostervold, Knut Inge Univ Oslo Dept Psychol Forskningsveien 3A N-0373 Oslo Norway Norwegian Publ Rd Adm Brynsengfaret 6A N-0667 Oslo Norway Inst Transport Econ Gaustadalleen 21 N-0349 Oslo Norway

Work zone safety from a psychological perspective has received little attention in scientific literature. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the influence of roadwork characteristics and drivers' individual differences in terms of personality traits and self-assessment of driving skills on speed preferences in a rural work zone. Eight hundred forty-five Norwegian drivers stated their preferred speed for ten pictures of a rural work zone with a 50 km/h reduced speed limit without knowing the speed limit. The results showed that the preferred speeds were greater than the actual reduced speed limit for all pictures. The standard deviations were quite high (from 11 to 14 km/h), indicating that drivers have a rather high variation in preferred speeds. A multilevel model was used to analyse the effects of the variables on speed preference. The results indicated that preferred speeds increased with age, higher scores on the normlessness scale, and higher self-assessment of own driving skills. As for the roadwork characteristics, speed increased with the presence of road markings by 11 km/h, while it decreased by 9 km/h with the presence of road delineators and by 5 km/h with barriers. Implications for respect for the reduced speed limits in work zones were discussed, and recommendations of other countermeasures were presented.

关键词： roadwork Speed preferences Self-assessment of driving skills Personality traits

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A roadwork Scene Signature Based On the Opponent Colour Model

A Roadwork Scene Signature Based On the Opponent Colour Mode...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

作者： Bonolo Mathibela Ingmar Posner Paul Newman Department of Technologies and Measurement University of West Bohemia Pilsen Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9781467363563

The presence of roadworks greatly affects the validity of prior maps used for navigation by autonomous vehicles. This paper addresses the problem of quickly and robustly assessing the gist of traffic scenes for whether road-works might be present. Without explicitly modelling individual roadwork indicators such as traffic cones, construction barriers or traffic signs, our method instead only exploits the engineered visual saliency of such objects. We draw inspiration from opponent colour vision in humans to formulate a novel roadwork scene signature based on an opponent spatial prior combined with gradient information. Finally, we apply our roadwork scene signature to the task of roadwork scene recognition, within a classification framework based on soft assignment vectorization and RUSBoost. We evaluate our roadwork signature on real life data from our autonomous vehicle.

关键词： roadwork Autonomous Vehicles traffic signs Color Vision COLOR MODEL navigation signatures

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Does roadwork improve road speed? Evidence from urban freeways in California

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REGIONAL SCIENCE AND URBAN ECONOMICS 2022年 93卷 103773-103773页

作者： Kim, Jinwon Sogang Univ Dept Econ Seoul South Korea

This paper estimates the effects of roadwork on road speed and traffic volume using panel data from urban freeways in California. The empirical model is specified to identify the dynamic responses of road speed and traffic volume to a shift in the cost curve generated by roadwork. The estimates indicate that roadwork increases road speed shortly after the roadwork is completed, but this effect does not last longer than one year. Traffic volume does not immediately respond to roadwork but does increase after around one year. These empirical results support the "induced-demand hypothesis" of Downs (1962, 1992). This paper also quantifies the time cost savings of roadwork to evaluate public spending on freeways. It is concluded that the congestion-relieving effect of roadwork alone is not enough to justify the state's large expenditures on roadwork.

关键词： Traffic volume Speed roadwork Lane closure Traffic congestion

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Development of a Microsimulation Model for Motorway roadworks With Narrow Lanes

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS 2020年第4期21卷 1536-1546页

作者： Nassrullah, Zaid Yousif, Saad Univ Basrah Dept Civil Engn Basrah 61004 Iraq Univ Salford Dept Civil Engn Manchester M5 4WT Lancs England

This paper presents a newly developed microsimulation model for motorway roadwork sections to evaluate the efficiency of different temporary traffic management schemes (TTMSs) such as the use of narrow lanes, offside and inside lane closures. The effect on traffic performance of various parameters (e.g. flow rates, percentage of heavy goods vehicles (HGVs), roadwork zone lengths and speed limits) has been tested. The model was built using the FORTRAN programing language. It was developed based on car-following, discretionary lane changing, mandatory lane changing, gap acceptance and narrow lanes rules. Data from four sources (including data taken from different UK motorway sites) were collected and analyzed. The data were used in the verification, calibration and validation processes of the model. Observations from motorway roadwork sites with the narrow lanes scheme show certain prominent drivers' behaviors, namely avoiding passing HGVs traveling on adjacent lanes and lane repositioning before passing a HGV. Such behaviors were included in the modeling process which suggested that the presence of HGVs had a noticeable impact on reducing section capacity.

关键词： Vehicles Acceleration Roads Accidents Layout Calibration Lane closure microsimulation modeling narrow lanes roadwork traffic management

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Scheduling Renewal of Water Pipes While Considering Adjacency of Infrastructure Works and Economies of Scale

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JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT 2010年第5期136卷 519-530页

作者： Nafi, Amir Kleiner, Yehuda Natl Res Council Canada Inst Res Construct Ottawa ON K1A 0R6 Canada Cemagref Engees Joint Res Unit Publ Util Management F-67070 Strasbourg France

Much research effort has been dedicated to the development of optimal strategies for rehabilitation and/or replacement of water mains. Some of the methods are intended for high-level planning of groups or cohorts of pipes, while others address low-level scheduling of individual water mains. This paper focuses on the latter aspect. An approach is proposed for the efficient scheduling of individual water mains for replacement in a short to medium predefined planning period and subject to various budgetary constraints. This approach also accounts for economies of scale considerations as well as harmonization with other known infrastructure works. A multiobjective genetic algorithm scheme is used as a tool to search a vast combinatorial solution space, comprising various combinations of pipe replacement schedules.

关键词： Water mains Pipes Renewal planning Multiobjective genetic algorithm roadwork Economies of scale

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Effect of factors of organizational structure influencing nonphysical waste in road projects of developing countries

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ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECTURAL MANAGEMENT 2020年第10期27卷 3135-3153页

作者： Irfan, Muhammad Malik, Muhammad Sohail Anwar Khel, Syyed Sami Ul Haq Kaka NUST Dept Construct Engn & Management Islamabad Pakistan

Purpose The purpose of this research is to rank the most significant factors of organizational structure that can reduce time and cost overruns (nonphysical waste) in road projects of the developing countries. Additionally, the effect of factors of organizational structure on nonphysical waste in road projects is also measured. Design/methodology/approach Factors of organizational structure causing time and cost overrun are extracted through a content analysis of the published literature. Moreover, a questionnaire survey is carried out involving 128 professionals to assess the effect of organizational structure factors on time and cost overrun. Finally, to obtain a more objective evaluation, relative importance index and regression analysis techniques are utilized, and the most severe factors influencing time and cost overrun are indicated. Findings This study found out that top management support and procurement procedures are the most significant factors influencing time and cost overruns in road projects of the developing countries. Originality/value A small number of studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of factors of organizational structure on time and cost overrun in the construction industry. And even more, its relation with respect to road projects of the developing countries is limited. This research highlights the effect of most significant factors of organizational structure that influence the nonphysical waste in road projects of the developing countries. Therefore, this study adds to the body of knowledge by recommending that all the stakeholders of construction project should pay close attention toward these factors to control the enigma of time and cost overrun. It might also prove helpful, if implemented to its full extent, in all the road construction activities undertaken.

关键词： Time overrun Cost overrun Organizational structure Road construction roadwork Regression analysis

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A qualitative exploration of driving stress and driving discourtesy

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ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018年 118卷 38-53页

作者： Scott-Parker, B. Jones, C. M. Rune, K. Tucker, J. Univ Sunshine Coast Sunshine Coast Mind & Neurosci Thompson Inst ARRU Sunshine Coast Qld Australia Univ Sunshine Coast Fac Arts Business & Law Sch Social Sci Sunshine Coast Qld Australia Univ Sunshine Coast Fac Arts & Business Sustainabil Res Ctr Sunshine Coast Qld Australia Univ Sunshine Coast Fac Arts & Business Sunshine Coast Qld Australia Royal Automobile Club Queensland Sunshine Coast Qld Australia

Background Driving courtesy, and conversely driving discourtesy, recently has been of great interest in the public domain. In addition, there has been increasing recognition of the negative impact of stress upon the individual's health and wellbeing, with a plethora of interventions aimed at minimising stress more generally. The research literature regarding driving dis/courtesy, in comparison, is scant, with a handful of studies examining the dis/courteous driving behaviour of road users, and the relationship between driving discourtesy and driving stress. Aim: To examine courteous and discourteous driving experiences, and to explore the impact of stress associated with such driving experiences. Method Thirty-eight drivers (20 females) from the Sunshine Coast region volunteered to participate in one of four 1-1.5 h focus groups. Content analysis used the verbatim utterances captured via an Mp3 device. Results: Three themes pertaining to stressful and discourteous interactions were identified. Theme one pertained to the driving context: road infrastructure (eg, roundabouts, roadwork), vehicles (eg, features), location (eg, country vs city, unfamiliar areas), and temporal aspects (eg, holidays). Theme two pertained to other road users: their behaviour (eg, tailgating, merging), and unknown factors (eg, illicit and licit drug use). Theme three pertained to the self as road user: their own behaviours (eg, deliberate intimidation), and their emotions (eg, angry reaction to other drivers, being in control). Discussion and conclusions: Driving dis/courtesy and driving stress is a complex phenomenon, suggesting complex intervention efforts are required. Driving discourtesy was reported as being highly stressful, therefore intervention efforts which encourage driving courtesy and which foster emotional capacity to cope with stressful circumstances appear warranted.

关键词： Driving courtesy Discourtesy roadwork Tailgating Merging Aggressive driving Road rage

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Reclaimed Asphalt Pavements and Contaminant Leaching-A Literature Review Study 4

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavements and Contaminant Leaching-A Liter...

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4th Geo-China International Conference on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures - Innovative Technologies for Severe Weathers and Climate Changes

作者： Holleran, Irina Wilson, Douglas J. Holleran, Glynn Walubita, Lubinda F. Univ Auckland Dept Civil & Environm Engn Auckland New Zealand Fulton Hogan Auckland Auckland New Zealand Fulton Hogan Ltd Auckland New Zealand Texas A&M Univ Syst Texas A&M Transportat Inst TTI Iliso Z Ltd Consulting Engineers College Stn TX USA

ISBN: (数字)9780784480052

ISBN: (纸本)9780784480052

Similar to global practices, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials that are milled from dense-graded (DG) mixes are usually recycled into new DG mixes in New Zealand (NZ). However, RAP millings from porous asphalt (PA) are only used as fill, drainage materials, or as dust mitigation layers on unsealed roads. Due to the projected increase in road works on NZ (Auckland) motorways, more PA-derived millings will be stored on sites and be used in low value recycling applications until a way of recycling these PA millings into new asphalt mixes, especially high value PA, is found. Unlike DG mixes, PA has the ability to improve stormwater quality through pollutant filtration, including heavy metals, by its internal porous structure. In the case of DG mixes, pollutants are directly washed off from the pavement surface into the stormwater. Thus, PA-derived RAP may have a higher risk of pollutant leaching than DG-derived RAP. This paper summarizes a comparative literature review study on the assessment of pollutant leaching potential from RAP materials to determine what effect it can have on the current NZ practices with respect to RAP storage, use, and environmental issues.

关键词： REMEDIAL ACTION PROGRAM asphalt pavements DIESEL GENERATOR Reclaimed asphalt pavement Surface course mixtures Pollutant Literature Review unsealed roads Nylons roadwork Pore structure Environmental issues

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Roadside Inventions: Making Time and Money Work at a Road Construction Site in Mozambique

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MOBILITIES 2012年第4期7卷 467-480页

作者： Nielsen, Morten Aarhus Univ Dept Culture & Soc Aarhus Denmark

Based on ethnographic fieldwork at a road construction site in southern Mozambique, this article explores the peculiar inverse process through which the road project acquired valuable meaning for young Mozambican workers hired by a Chinese construction consortium to rehabilitate the north-south N1 highway. Without viable alternatives, the Mozambican workers were often compelled to accept the intolerable working conditions that the Chinese company presented them with while still acknowledging that it did, in fact, only aggravate an already difficult situation. Hence, given that the problematic connections to their Chinese superiors obviously lacked the qualities of reciprocal relationships, the money received could not be considered as proper salaries and the hardships endured while mixing sand, cement and gravel did not seem to result in the construction of a road. Still, when the monthly payment could be used, say, as down payment for a piece of land, it unfolded a virtual scenario very unlike that experienced in the present. Rather than indexing an untenable social relationship with the Chinese, it actualised a generative connection between the road and a future house. Although we might imagine the initial moment when the money was first received as indexing an employer-employee relationship, this was subsequently obviated by a new significant connection set-up between the road and a future house that was unfolded from the former (relationship) as the 'real' manifestation of salaries. The emerging house project thus transformed its own origin, as it were, by eliminating the Chinese counterpart as the source of the paid out money.

关键词： Infrastructure money Mozambique obviation roadwork social relationality

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