MANETs are systematic infrastructureless networks formed of nodes that act as sender, receiver, or router. Node mobility causes frequent topology changes which have negative impact on the network connectivity and perf...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781467367226
MANETs are systematic infrastructureless networks formed of nodes that act as sender, receiver, or router. Node mobility causes frequent topology changes which have negative impact on the network connectivity and performance. Therefore, routing is a serious challenge in such a dynamic environment as reliable paths and most efficient are always required between sources and their destinations. This paper presents routing algorithm based on an adjacency-constraint matrix using Genetic algorithm (GA). GA presents the feasible paths that encoded in chromosomes that created based on the connectivity matrix. The evaluation function that is based on the adjacency-constraint matrix calculates the fitness values to select the most efficient path. With only two constraints, the performance simulation results of the proposed method showed that it outperforms Dynamic Source routing (DSR) in term of transmission delay, which is decreased by about 25%.
In NoCs where each interconnection between neighboring routers is composed of a pair of unidirectional links, a broken link usually leads to the abandon of the entire interconnection, even if the other one is still fu...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769550749
In NoCs where each interconnection between neighboring routers is composed of a pair of unidirectional links, a broken link usually leads to the abandon of the entire interconnection, even if the other one is still functional. In this paper, we propose a fault tolerant routing algorithm (RA) which can efficiently utilize these fault free links when their pair broken links have available misrouting-contour sides. Constraints on the usage of Virtual Channels are adaptively applied according to the fault distribution, to avoid deadlock and unnecessary resource reservation. When compared with solid fault region tolerant RAs, which always abandon the entire interconnection, the proposed algorithm has twice higher saturation point under synthetic uniform traffics, and can on average diminish the execution time overhead for the evaluated applications, sample and satell, by 62.6% and 76.6%, respectively. Our experiments indicate that the embedding of the proposed algorithm into a baseline router increases the area cost and power consumption by 7.43% and 4.43%, respectively, which is not that significant given that the platform area is usually dominated by the computing cores area.
Recently, The k-ary n-cube direct interconnect network is considered to construct high performance switching fabric for Internet routers. routing algorithm, which specify how packets can be sent along switching elemen...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0819451762
Recently, The k-ary n-cube direct interconnect network is considered to construct high performance switching fabric for Internet routers. routing algorithm, which specify how packets can be sent along switching elements in network, are crucial for the high throughput and low latency of switching fabric. For maximum performance, the routing algorithm should exhibit the following important features: avoidance of deadlocks, ability to work well under varying traffic patterns and supporting QoS(Quality of Service). In this paper we present a recovery-based minimal routing algorithm to reach such targets. As with recover-based approach, the detection scheme has significant impact on the performance. A simple and efficient recover scheme is proposed in this paper, queue length and timer-based deadlock detection scheme (QTDS). Then, QTDS-based routing algorithm is proposed (QTDS-R). QTDS-R is applied on a three dimensional (3D) torus architecture. Changing the size of the fabric, the length of packets and the number of virtual channel, the performance of QTDS-R is measured in terms of throughput, average packets latency. The performance comparisons have been done on OPENT simulation tool. Numerical results show that this algorithm is better than other existed adaptive algorithms.
In wireless sensor networks, limiting energy consumption of sensors and prolonging the network lifetime haw been important reasons to evaluate routing protocol's performance. This paper proposes a routing metric, ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769538655
In wireless sensor networks, limiting energy consumption of sensors and prolonging the network lifetime haw been important reasons to evaluate routing protocol's performance. This paper proposes a routing metric, which takes into remaining energy and load of the sensor nodes, trying to balance network traffic and protect the low-power and high-load nodes. Base on this metric, we also propose a new routing algorithm called Energy and Load-based routing (ELR). Simulation results show that the new method can even load distribution and node energy.
ZigBee network uses a mixed routing mechanism combined with hierarchical tree routing (HRP) and ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) to meet the different demands. However, the existing scheme cannot fully satisfy ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783662498316
ISBN:
(纸本)9783662498316;9783662498293
ZigBee network uses a mixed routing mechanism combined with hierarchical tree routing (HRP) and ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) to meet the different demands. However, the existing scheme cannot fully satisfy the applications. The 5G communication network is featured by the smarter devices and the native support for the M2 M communication. The 5G terminals have the potential to optimize the data transmission in the ZigBee network. In this paper, we proposed a nearest access routing algorithm for the ZigBee network in 5G environment. Based on the accessibility to various kinds of wireless network of the 5G terminal, the data flow in its neighbourhood is converged and transmitted in the IP network. By that mechanism, the bandwidth and energy resources in the ZigBee network can be saved. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm effectively share the traffic for the ZigBee network by reducing and balancing the throughput.
With the emergence of many-core architectures, it is quite likely that multiple applications will run concurrently on a system. Existing locally and globally adaptive routing algorithms largely overlook issues associa...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450304726
With the emergence of many-core architectures, it is quite likely that multiple applications will run concurrently on a system. Existing locally and globally adaptive routing algorithms largely overlook issues associated with workload consolidation. The shortsightedness of locally adaptive routing algorithms limits performance due to poor network congestion avoidance. Globally adaptive routing algorithms attack this issue by introducing a congestion propagation network to obtain network status information beyond neighboring nodes. However, they may suffer from intra-and inter-application interference during output port selection for consolidated workloads, coupling the behavior of otherwise independent applications and negatively affecting performance. To address these two issues, we propose Destination-Based Adaptive routing (DBAR). We design a novel low-cost congestion propagation network that leverages both local and non-local network information for more accurate congestion estimates. Thus, DBAR offers effective adaptivity for congestion beyond neighboring nodes. More importantly, by integrating the destination into the selection function, DBAR mitigates infra-and inter-application interference and offers dynarnic isolation among regions. Experimental results show that DBAR can offer better performance than the best baseline algorithm for all measured configurations;it is well suited for workload consolidation. The wiring overhead of DBAR is low and DBAR provides improvement in the energy-delay product for medium and high injection rates.
This paper presents a graphics processing unit (GPU)-based implementation of the Bellman-Ford (BF) routing algorithm used in distance-vector routing protocols. In the proposed GPU-based approach, multiple threads conc...
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ISBN:
(数字)9789401787987
ISBN:
(纸本)9789401787987;9789401787970
This paper presents a graphics processing unit (GPU)-based implementation of the Bellman-Ford (BF) routing algorithm used in distance-vector routing protocols. In the proposed GPU-based approach, multiple threads concurrently run in numerous streaming processors in the GPU to update the routing information instead of computing the individual vertex distances one-by-one, where an individual vertex distance is considered as a single thread. This paper compares the performance and energy consumption of the GPU-based approach with those of the equivalent central processing unit (CPU) implementation for varying the number of vertices. Experiment results show that the proposed approach outperforms the equivalent sequential CPU implementation in terms of execution time by exploiting massive parallelism inherent in the BF routing algorithm.
In opportunistic networks, it is difficult to find the best relay node, which not only makes the message transmission inefficient but also wastes resources in the network. Most of the existing routing algorithms based...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783030953843
ISBN:
(纸本)9783030953843;9783030953836
In opportunistic networks, it is difficult to find the best relay node, which not only makes the message transmission inefficient but also wastes resources in the network. Most of the existing routing algorithms based on node similarity often choose relay nodes from a single point of view such as time or space. In this paper, a new neural network architecture is designed, namely, OSAN. It combined with the self-attention mechanism, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of nodes in two dimensions are taken into account comprehensively to the maximum. Firstly, we divide the opportunistic networks into opportunity network snapshots according to the time window and input each opportunity network snapshot into the spatial structure self-attention layer. At the same time, to capture the interaction between different snapshots, we use the temporal self-attention mechanism. Thus, the Spatio-temporal characteristics of nodes in different snapshots are extracted. Finally, the similarity between nodes is calculated according to the Spatio-temporal characteristics extracted by nodes, so we propose a Spatio-temporal topology routing algorithm in opportunistic networks based on the self-attention mechanism (STSA). The simulation results show that STSA has advantages in several common performance indexes.
As nanotechnology scales down, the reliability issues are becoming more crucial, especially for Network-on-Chip (NoC) which must provide the communication requirements of Multi-Processor System-on-Chip (MP-SoC) even i...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789810836948
As nanotechnology scales down, the reliability issues are becoming more crucial, especially for Network-on-Chip (NoC) which must provide the communication requirements of Multi-Processor System-on-Chip (MP-SoC) even in presence of faults. In this paper we present a low cost faulty-link-tolerant routing algorithm through dynamic reconfiguration when the regular mesh topology is altered by faulty links. This algorithm is a reconfigurable extension of deterministic routing algorithms and is deadlock free by prohibiting a few turns. The performance and total energy consumption overheads which are very small under the low loads are evaluated through appropriate simulations.
Wireless sensor networks are a new technology of information acquisition and processing, so they are widely used in all kinds of fields. In the paper we introduce Agent technology into the wireless sensor network, con...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819495662
Wireless sensor networks are a new technology of information acquisition and processing, so they are widely used in all kinds of fields. In the paper we introduce Agent technology into the wireless sensor network, conduct a in-depth research on the four routing schemes, and propose a new improved routing scheme, which considers the energy consumption of both nodes and path. Furthermore, The scheme we proposed has efficient routing function, can balance the energy consumption of nodes and extends the lifetime of the network in a more efficient way.
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