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Identifying Library Functions in Stripped Binary: Combining Function Similarity and Call Graph Features 19th

Identifying Library Functions in Stripped Binary: Combining ...

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19th International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communication Networks

作者： Liu, ZhanPeng Han, Xinhui Peking Univ Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031649530;9783031649547

Reverse engineering binary programs without debug information, such as malwares and embedded firmwares, is often a challenging and time-consuming process that relies heavily on manual analysis. Automating the process of identifying frequently used library functions can significantly improve the efficiency. While machine learning techniques have shown satisfactory results in computing binary function similarity in specific experimental contexts, their performance in open-set retrieval task remains largely unexplored. Notably, identifying known functions in stripped binaries falls under this category. To contribute to this area of research, we introduce a brand-new dataset derived from popular rust projects. This dataset not only aims to stimulate further research on rust program analysis but also serves as a robust platform for evaluating the performance of state-of-the-art methods in open-set function retrieval tasks. Through our analysis, we discover that similarity-only methods have limited effectiveness in rejecting negative samples. In response to this identified shortcoming, we present a novel approach that integrates features derived from function call graphs, enabling us to determine a function's identity by considering both its similarity and call relationships with other functions. Experimental results demonstrate that our method enhances overall performance compared to similarity-only solutions, especially under more challenging conditions.

关键词： Binary Function Similarity Reverse Engineering rust programming language

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POSTER: rust SGX SDK: Towards Memory Safety in Intel SGX Enclave 17

POSTER: Rust SGX SDK: Towards Memory Safety in Intel SGX Enc...

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24th ACM-SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (ACM CCS)

作者： Ding, Yu Duan, Ran Li, Long Cheng, Yueqiang Zhang, Yulong Chen, Tanghui Wei, Tao Wang, Huibo Baidu Xlab Sunnyvale CA USA UT Dallas Richardson TX 75080 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450349468

Intel SGX is the next-generation trusted computing infrastructure. It can effectively protect data inside enclaves from being stolen. Similar to traditional programs, SGX enclaves are likely to have security vulnerabilities and can be exploited as well. This gives an adversary a great opportunity to steal secret data or perform other malicious operations. rust is one of the system programming languages with promising security properties. It has powerful checkers and guarantees memory-safety and thread-safety. In this paper, we show rust SGX SDK, which combines Intel SGX and rust programming language together. By using rust SGX SDK, developers could write memory-safe secure enclaves easily, eliminating the most possibility of being pwned through memory vulnerabilities. What's more, the rust enclaves are able to run as fast as the ones written in C/C++.

关键词： Intel SGX rust programming language SDK

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Comparing Solution Combination Techniques in Scatter Search for Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization

Comparing Solution Combination Techniques in Scatter Search ...

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Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO)

作者： Pauckert, Justin Debevere, Pieter Parizy, Matthieu Ayodele, Mayowa Fujitsu Ltd Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan Fujitsu Res Europe Slough Berks England Tech Univ Berlin Berlin Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798400701207

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) has emerged as a vital unifying model for combinatorial optimization problems, and (meta-)heuristic approaches are commonly used to solve them due to their NP-hard nature. Scatter Search (SS), a populationbased metaheuristic framework, is one such method that has shown promising results for QUBO problems. Generating new solutions from more promising ones is a crucial operation in SS. Path Relinking (PR) based SS has been previously used to solve challenging QUBO problems with high-quality solutions. This paper introduces two new variants of the SS algorithm. The first is the (Multi) Uniform Crossover (MUC) based SS while the second is the Univariate Marginal Distribution Algorithm (UMDA) based SS. MUC and UMDA are well-known operators in Genetic Algorithms and Estimation of Distribution Algorithms respectively. When compared to the existing PR based SS, this work shows that more promising results can be achieved when the newly proposed MUC and UMDA-based SS are applied to QUBO formulations of the Quadratic Knapsack Problem (QKP) instances.

关键词： QUBO Scatter Search Multi Uniform Crossover Path Relinking Univariate Marginal Distribution Algorithm Tabu Search rust programming language

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On the Impact of Memory Safety on Fast Network I/O 25

On the Impact of Memory Safety on Fast Network I/O

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IEEE 25th International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing (HPSR)

作者： Sagramoni, Riccardo Lettieri, Giuseppe Procissi, Gregorio Univ Pisa Pisa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363869;9798350363852

rust is a multi-paradigm, general-purpose programming language that prioritizes performance, type safety, and fearless concurrency. At compile time, rust is able to ensure memory and thread safety without relying on automated memory management techniques such as garbage collection. As a result, rust is gaining significant popularity as a replacement for C/C++ in various domains where performance and reliability are paramount, such as systems programming, embedded devices, and networking. This paper attempts to critically evaluate the claims of high performance and memory safety associated with rust, particularly in the context of low-level network programming. The approach involves rewriting Nethuns, a fast C-based network I/O library, using rust. The rust-based implementation of Nethuns is described in detail in this work, with a particular emphasis on explaining the design choices, highlighting the primary benefits gained in terms of safety and security, and addressing the challenges encountered throughout the process. The paper concludes with a performance evaluation of the library. The obtained results are promising: the rust-based library ensures a significantly higher level of safety at compile time, with a modest performance trade-off.

关键词： Network I/O Memory Safety Fast Data Path rust programming language

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Krust: A Formal Executable Semantics of rust 12

KRust: A Formal Executable Semantics of Rust

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12th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Software Engineering (TASE)

作者： Wang, Feng Song, Fu Zhang, Min Zhu, Xiaoran Zhang, Jun ShanghaiTech Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Shanghai Peoples R China East China Normal Univ Shanghai Key Lab Trustworthy Comp Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538673058

rust is a new and promising high-level system programming language. It provides both memory safety and thread safety through its novel mechanisms such as ownership, moves and borrows. Ownership system ensures that at any point there is only one owner of any given resource. The ownership of a resource can be moved or borrowed according to the lifetimes. The ownership system establishes a clear lifetime for each value and hence rust does not necessarily need garbage collection. These novel features bring rust high performance, fine-grained low-level control over memory without garbage collection, which differentiate rust from other existing prevalent languages. For formal analysis of rust programs and helping programmers learn its new mechanisms and features, a formal semantics of rust is desired and useful as a fundament for developing related tools. In this paper, we present a formal executable operational semantics of a subset of rust, called Krust. The semantics is defined in K, a rewriting-based executable semantic framework for programming languages. The executable semantics yields automatically a formal interpreter and verification tools for rust programs. Krust has been validated by testing with 182 tests, including 157 tests from the official rust test suite. We individually found an error in the rust compiler.

关键词： Formal operational semantics rust programming language K framework

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CAT: Context Aware Tracing for rust Asynchronous Programs 23

CAT: Context Aware Tracing for Rust Asynchronous Programs

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38th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (ACM SAC)

作者： Wang, Tsung-Yen Wang, Shao-Hua Tu, Chia-Heng Liang, Wen-Yew Natl Cheng Kung Univ Tainan Taiwan ADLINK Technol Inc New Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450395175

Modern programming languages, such as rust, have adopted the coroutine concept to better utilize computation resources and to improve program execution efficiency by allowing the overlap of the execution for asynchronous tasks. These programming languages often use the concept of userland thread library to dispatch the asynchronous tasks defined by the programmers. Nevertheless, it is often the case that the task scheduling on a user-space library is non-preemptive and would lead to unbounded execution time of a task. In this work, we aim to develop a tracing methodology to capture unbounded execution time of asynchronous tasks in rust programs. Based on the analyses of the rust standard library, we identify several execution contexts of asynchronous computation in rust, and develop a portable context aware tracing methodology that is able to trace the execution time of nested asynchronous computation work across different rust runtimes. We develop a framework, called CAT, to collect and visualize the asynchronous runtime activities. The results show that CAT can help pinpoint the asynchronous computation exhibiting prolonged execution time. We believe that CAT is a complement of existing tools to improve the execution efficiency of asynchronous operations in rust.

关键词： rust programming language Performance Profiling/Tracing Asynchronous programming Model

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Towards Memory Safe Enclave programming with rust-SGX 19

Towards Memory Safe Enclave Programming with Rust-SGX

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ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS)

作者： Wang, Huibo Wang, Pei Ding, Yu Sun, Mingshen Jing, Yiming Duan, Ran Li, Long Zhang, Yulong Wei, Tao Lin, Zhigiang Univ Texas Dallas Richardson TX 75083 USA Baidu X Lab Sunnyvale CA USA Ohio State Univ Columbus OH 43210 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450367479

Intel Software Guard eXtension (SGX), a hardware supported trusted execution environment (TEE), is designed to protect security critical applications. However, it does not terminate traditional memory corruption vulnerabilities for the software running inside enclave, since enclave software is still developed with type unsafe languages such as C/C++. This paper presents rust-SGX, an efficient and layered approach to exterminating memory corruption for software running inside SGX enclaves. The key idea is to enable the development of enclave programs with an efficient memory safe system language rust with a rust-SGX SDK by solving the key challenges of how to (1) make the SGX software memory safe and (2) meanwhile run as efficiently as with the SDK provided by Intel. We therefore propose to build rust-SGX atop Intel SGX SDK, and tame unsafe components with formally proven memory safety. We have implemented rust-SGX and tested with a series of benchmark programs. Our evaluation results show that rust-SGX imposes little extra overhead (less than 5% with respect to the SGX specific features and services compared to software developed by Intel SGX SDK), and meanwhile have stronger memory safety.

关键词： SGX rust programming language Memory Safety Type System Soundness

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Lamellar: A rust-based Asynchronous Tasking and PGAS Runtime for High Performance Computing

Lamellar: A Rust-based Asynchronous Tasking and PGAS Runtime...

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2024 Workshops of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, SC Workshops 2024

作者： Friese, Ryan D. Gioiosa, Roberto Cottam, Joseph Multu, Erdal Roek, Gregory Thomadakis, Polykarpos Raugas, Mark Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355543

The discussion around "safe"programming languages has significantly increased in recent years, and is impacting how governments, industry, and academia plan to develop current and future software products. The White House Office of the National Cyber Director released a report [1] in February 2024 calling on the technical community to work towards proactively reducing attack surfaces in cyberspace, in part, specifically by adopting memory safe programming languages. While the main discourse thus far has been focused on cybersecurity, memory safety issues are also a concern in HPC, where memory related errors can result in wasted execution time, incorrect results, etc. Legacy programming languages in HPC such as C and C++ provide freedom and flexibility with memory management, but requires the developer to guarantee safety. While it is possible to develop "un-safe"code in all programming languages, "memory-safe"languages help guarantee safety by utilizing various compile time and runtime checks and validation systemsIn this paper we introduce Lamellar, an asynchronous tasking and PGAS runtime system for HPC written in rust, one such "memory-safe"language. We describe the entire Lamellar stack, from network interfaces to safe high-level abstractions such as distributed LamellarArrays and Active Messages. The goal of our runtime is to enable end-users to develop entirely safe rust code in their applications, limiting the use of any "unsafe"code blocks to rigorously tested code blocks within the runtime itself. We conclude by showing comparable performance against several C, C++, and Chapel implementations of a subset of the BALE kernel suite while maintaining strong memory safety principles. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Asynchronous Distributed Computing HPC PGAS Runtime rust programming language

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rust's Memory Safety Model: An Evaluation of Its Effectiveness in Preventing Common Vulnerabilities 8

Rust's Memory Safety Model: An Evaluation of Its Effectivene...

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8th International Conference on Computer Science and Computational Intelligence, ICCSCI 2023

作者： Oey, Kevin Andrian Santoso Kwee, Catherine Chua, William Nabiilah, Ghinaa Zain Rojali Computer Science Department School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta11480 Indonesia

Ensuring safe program operation is crucial for systems programming, and memory safety is a significant aspect of this. This paper assesses the memory safety strategies used in rust and C++ programming languages. rust is a modern language that has become popular due to its focus on safety, performance, and concurrency, whereas C++ is known for its efficiency and low-level programming capabilities. The analysis compares and contrasts the memory safety features of both languages, including rust's ownership and borrowing model and C++'s manual memory management techniques. Additionally, the study examines the development tools available for both languages and compares ease of use and productivity. The analysis shows that rust has several memory safety advantages over C++. rust's ownership and borrowing model enables safe memory management without requiring manual intervention. By enforcing strict rules for memory usage, the compiler in rust prevents typical memory-related errors like null and dangling pointers. However, in contrast to rust, C++ provides more low-level hardware control but needs manual memory management, exposing it to memory errors such as buffer overflows and memory leaks. Moreover, rust's memory safety features simplify the development of secure and dependable code, especially for applications with crucial security requirements. In contrast, C++ demands significant memory management expertise to avoid memory-related errors. In conclusion, rust offers several memory safety benefits over C++, making it a superior choice for applications with critical safety needs. However, the selection of language ultimately depends on the specific project requirements and the development team's experience and preferences. © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： C++ programming language Memory Safety rust programming language Security Software Systems programming

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Evaluating Approaches For Detecting And Eliminating Memory Safety Errors In Linux Kernel programming

Evaluating Approaches For Detecting And Eliminating Memory S...

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作者： Ilja Sidoroff JAMK University of Applied Sciences

学位级别：硕士

Memory Safety means that a program cannot access unintended memory regions. Lack of memory safety continues to be a major source of security related software errors. The problems arising from the use of memory unsafe C programming language are reviewed, both in general and Linux kernel programming context. Various methods for detecting and eliminating memory safety problems are then evaluated. Methods chosen for testing were static and dynamic analysis, and using a memory safe language as a programming language. The methods were tested during a process of writing a Linux kernel module. Unfortunately, none of the methods tested proved to be a comprehensive solution to the problem of memory unsafety. Each method had their own strengths. Static analysis is easy to include in the development process; however, it does not detect problems very efficiently. Dynamic analysis, on the other hand, is good at finding bugs; yet it requires manual testing. Memory safe languages are very promising; however, they would require significant, changes to the existing code which can be difficult to achieve in practice both due to economic and social reasons.

关键词： Memory Safety Spatial and Temporal Memory Safety C-programming language rust programming language Linux Kernel programming

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