检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

Conference on Automatic Target Recognition XXXIII

作者： Chia, Lih-Wei Motani, Mehul Natl Univ Singapore N1 Inst Hlth Inst Digital Med WisDMColl Design & Engn Inst Data SciDept Elect & Comp Engn Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781510661561;9781510661578

Researching gun muzzle flash detection can be costly and time-consuming, as data collection requires specialized equipment to be set up at various ranges and angles. This process is further complicated by the need to hire licensed weapon handlers for each weapon class, and by the scarcity of shooting ranges. To address this, we propose a novel approach that uses Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to speed up the research process. Specifically, we train a deep convolutional GAN (DCGAN) to generate synthetic muzzle flash waveforms, which can then be used to augment limited training data for deep-learning classifier models. We evaluate the performance of the DCGAN using a lightweight deep-learning model based on ResNet and explore the possibility of re-purposing the trained discriminator as a classifier.

关键词： Muzzle flash detection generative adversarial network GAN deep convolutional GAN DCGAN machine learning ResNet single-photon avalanche diode spad spad array waveform generation data augmentation

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

On the Information Transfer Rate of spad arrays

On the Information Transfer Rate of SPAD Arrays

引用

IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (IEEE WCNC)

作者： Sarbazi, Elham Safari, Majid Haas, Harald Univ Edinburgh Li Fi Res & Dev Ctr Inst Digital Commun Sch Engn Edinburgh EH9 3FD Midlothian Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)9781728131061

In this paper the information transfer rate of a single-photon avalanche diode (spad) array is investigated. The spad array is modelled as a discrete-time Gaussian channel with signal-dependent mean and variance. The spad dead time is a parameter which affects the extent of this signal dependency. The spad array channel capacity and the properties of the capacity-achieving input distributions are studied. Using a numerical algorithm, the capacity and the optimal input distributions subject to peak and average power constraints are obtained for various array sizes, dead times and background count levels.

关键词： Single-photon avalanche diode (spad) spad array photon counting dead time capacity

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

A Direct Time-of-Flight Image Sensor With In-Pixel Surface Detection and Dynamic Vision

引用

IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 2024年第1期30卷 1页

作者： Gyongy, Istvan Erdogan, Ahmet T. Dutton, Neale A. W. Martin, German Mora Gorman, Alistair Mai, Hanning Rocca, Francesco Mattioli Della Henderson, Robert K. Univ Edinburgh Inst Integrated Micro & Nano Syst Sch Engn Edinburgh EH9 3FF Scotland STMicroelect Imaging Div Edinburgh Scotland Univ Edinburgh Edinburgh Scotland Sony Europe Technol Dev Ctr I-38123 Trento Italy

3D flash LIDAR is an alternative to the traditional scanning LIDAR systems, promising precise depth imaging in a compact form factor, and free of moving parts, for applications such as self-driving cars, robotics and augmented reality (AR). Typically implemented using single-photon, direct time-of-flight (dToF) receivers in image sensor format, the operation of the devices can be hindered by the large number of photon events needing to be processed and compressed in outdoor scenarios, limiting frame rates and scalability to larger arrays. We here present a 64 x 32 pixel (256 x 128 spad) dToF imager that overcomes these limitations by using pixels with embedded histogramming, which lock onto and track the return signal. This reduces the size of output data frames considerably, enabling maximum frame rates in the 10 kFPS range or 100 kFPS for direct depth readings. The sensor offers selective readout of pixels detecting surfaces, or those sensing motion, akin to dynamic vision sensors that report changes in light intensity, leading to reduced power consumption and off-chip processing requirements. We demonstrate the application of the sensor in mid-range LIDAR.

关键词： 3-D ranging direct time-of-flight (dToF) light detection and ranging (LIDAR) single-photon avalanche diode (spad) spad array

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Event-driven spad camera with 60 ps IRF and up to 1.6 • 10⁸ photon time-tagging measurements per second 16

Event-driven SPAD camera with 60 ps IRF and up to 1.6 • 10<...

引用

Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques XVI

作者： Riccardo, Simone Conca, Enrico Sesta, Vincenzo Tosi, Alberto Politecn Milan Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn DEIB I-20133 Milan Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781510650558;9781510650541

We present a compact camera module based on an array of 16 x 16 single-photon avalanche diodes (spads) with fast-gating capabilities and hosting 16 shared time-to-digital converters (TDCs) with a least significant bit (LSB) of 6 ps. spads are gated with a rising-edge of less than 500 ps and show an average instrument response function (IRF) of 60 ps FWHM, including the TDCs, with less than 4 ps time-dispersion across a 30 ns gate window. Differential non-linearity (DNL) and integral non-linearity (INL) are as good as 0.04 LSB and 3.6 LSB, respectively. An event-driven readout protocol optimizes data transfer from the spad chip to the FPGA, handling the time-of-flight (TOF) pre-processing in order to minimize the dead-time of the TDCs, thus sustaining up to 1.6 center dot 10(8) conversions per second. TOF data can be transferred towards a PC via USB-C with a maximum throughput of about 6 Gbit/s. Our camera meets the requirements of an optimized multi-pixel solution for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging, as it combines fast-gating with narrow IRF: the sub-nanosecond activation of the spads is exploited to reject spurious light pulses, like the first bounce one from the relay wall, and properly acquire multiply- scattered photons arriving from the hidden target, while its narrow IRF allows for centimeter-accurate NLOS reconstructions. Furthermore, while the high throughput paves the way towards real-time NLOS acquisitions at video-rates, the compact form-factor of our camera can optimize size, weight, power and cost of current state-of-art NLOS imaging systems.

关键词： spad camera spad array NLOS imaging fast-gating time-of-flight TDC

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Certification of the efficient random number generation technique based on single-photon detector arrays and time-to-digital converters

IET QUANTUM COMMUNICATION

引用

IET QUANTUM COMMUNICATION 2021年第3期2卷 74-79页

作者： Stanco, Andrea Marangon, Davide G. Vallone, Giuseppe Burri, Samuel Charbon, Edoardo Villoresi, Paolo Univ Padua Dipartimento Ingn Informaz Padua Italy Toshiba Europe Ltd Cambridge Res Lab Cambridge England Univ Padua Dipartimento Fis & Astron Padua Italy Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL Neuchatel Switzerland Univ Padua Dipartimento Ingn Informaz Via 8 Febbraio 2 I-35122 Padua Italy

True random number generators (TRNGs) allow the generation of true random bit sequences, guaranteeing the unpredictability and perfect balancing of the generated values. TRNGs can be realised from the sampling of quantum phenomena, for instance, the detection of single photons. Here, a recently proposed technique, which implements a quantum random number generator (QRNG) out of a device that was realised for a different scope, is further analysed and certified [1]. The combination of a CMOS single-photon avalanche diode (spad) array, a high-resolution time-to-digital converter (TDC) implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA), the exploitation of a single-photon temporal degree of freedom, and an unbiased procedure provided by H. Zhou and J. Bruck [2, 3] allows the generation of true random bits with a high bitrate in a compact and easy-to-calibrate device. Indeed, the use of the 'Zhou-Bruck' method allows the removal of any correlation from the binary representation of decimal data. This perfectly fits with the usage of a device with non-idealities like spad's afterpulses, pixel cross-correlation, and time-to-digital converter non-uniform conversion. In this work, an in-depth analysis and certification of the technique presented in [1] is provided by processing the data with the NIST suite tests in order to prove the effectiveness and validity of this approach.

关键词： random sequences decimal data random number generators integrated optics random number generation time-to-digital converter nonuniform conversion efficient random number generation technique true random bit sequences spad array compact device unbiased procedure Zhou-Bruck method CMOS integrated circuits easy-to-calibrate device field programmable gate array avalanche photodiodes high-resolution time-to-digital converter TDC perfect balancing field programmable gate arrays pixel cross-correlation time-digital conversion single photon detector arrays quantum phenomena certification optical arrays single-photon temporal degree of freedom NIST suite tests photodetectors calibration quantum random number generator CMOS single-photon avalanche diode array QRNG binary representation FPGA TRNGs

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Pion Detection Using Single Photon Avalanche Diodes

引用

SENSORS 2023年第21期23卷 8759-8759页

作者： Bulling, Anthony Frederick Underwood, Ian Univ Edinburgh Scottish Microelect Ctr Sch Engn Edinburgh EH9 3FB Scotland

We present the first reported use of a CMOS-compatible single photon avalanche diode (spad) array for the detection of high-energy charged particles, specifically pions, using the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research. The results confirm the detection of incident high-energy pions at 120 GeV, minimally ionizing, which complements the variety of ionizing radiation that can be detected with CMOS spads.

关键词： single photon avalanche diode spad array pion CMOS image sensor heavy charged particle detection high-energy physics

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Potential for remote TD-NIRS imaging using a TCSPC camera

引用

MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023年第8期34卷 085702-085702页

作者： Hungerford, Graham Athanasopoulos, Nicholas Hirsch, Richard O'Neill, Patrick Johnston, Pamela McLoskey, David HORIBA Jobin Yvon IBH Ltd Glasgow Scotland

Advances in the CMOS process enables single-photon detection and timing to occur within an individual pixel. Pixel arrays incorporating this in-pixel timing methodology have been increasing in size, facilitating time of flight (ToF) imaging. This means that a fully parallel approach can be made to the collection of images, dramatically speeding up data collection in relation to sample scanning and allowing imaging based on time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) to be made in real time. In this work we make use of a commercial TCSPC camera, based on an array of 192 x 126 imaging pixels with in-pixel timing applied in the area of time-domain near infrared spectroscopy. The potential of remote imaging using this methodology was demonstrated using two model systems. The effect of increasing scattering coefficient using a liquid based (milk added to water) system to assess real time potential was investigated. Additionally a more complex system consisting of a solid with liquid interior (egg) to verify the potential of remote imaging into the interior of the object with different illumination conditions was studied. Using a time-slicing approach intensity images related to each time bin in the ToF distribution were obtained and contrast between the yolk and albumin within the egg was observed.

关键词： in-pixel timing real time spad array time-slicing time of flight imaging

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Evaluation of an Operational Concept for Improving Radiation Tolerance of Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (spad) arrays

引用

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 2020年第5期67卷 797-804页

作者： Smith, John A. Dhulla, Vinit H. Mukherjee, Sapna S. Lauenstein, Jean-Marie Hare, Rich J. Zorn, Carl J. Hostetler, Chris A. NASA Langley Res Ctr Hampton VA 23681 USA Voxtel Inc Beaverton OR 97006 USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr Greenbelt MD 20771 USA Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil Newport News VA 23606 USA

Silicon (Si) single-photon avalanche diode (spad) arrays sensitive to the 400- to 900-nm wavelength range have been studied for a number of uses due to their high detection efficiency;zero readout noise;low timing jitter;mechanical robustness;low-voltage (<50 V) operation;mass producibility;and low size, weight, power, and cost. As with all solid-state detectors, however, they are susceptible to damage by radiation, with displacement damage by energetic particles being the primary concern for many applications. This article reports the results of low-doserate neutron irradiation from an americium-beryllium (AmBe) source on a 256 x 256 array of 10-mu m active diameter spads, each with live recording of their dark count rate (DCR), up to a cumulative displacement damage dose equivalent to that delivered by a 1-MeV neutron fluence of 5.69 center dot 109 cm(-2) in Si (11.59 TeV/g). A small fraction (similar to 2.57%) of the spads in the array experienced a significant step increase in their DCR, which we ascribe to displacement damage. The remainder experienced a far more gradual and subdued increase. For this reason, an operational concept for spad arrays, whereby spads that begin to exhibit a step increase in DCR are disabled, should significantly extend the useful performance of such arrays in radiation environments. We report the surviving proportion of an array implementing such an operational concept per unit dose and its DCR.

关键词： Sensors Photonics Neutrons Testing Cameras Silicon Radiation effects CMOS single-photon avalanche diode (spad) imager lidar low light imaging neutron testing photon timing radiation effects silicon detector spaceborne spad spad array

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Single Photon Avalanche Diode arrays for Time-Resolved Raman Spectroscopy

引用

SENSORS 2021年第13期21卷 4287-4287页

作者： Madonini, Francesca Villa, Federica Politecn Milan Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn Via G Ponzio 34-5 I-20133 Milan Italy

The detection of peaks shifts in Raman spectroscopy enables a fingerprint reconstruction to discriminate among molecules with neither labelling nor sample preparation. Time-resolved Raman spectroscopy is an effective technique to reject the strong fluorescence background that profits from the time scale difference in the two responses: Raman photons are scattered almost instantaneously while fluorescence shows a nanoseconds time constant decay. The combination of short laser pulses with time-gated detectors enables the collection of only those photons synchronous with the pulse, thus rejecting fluorescent ones. This review addresses time-gating issues from the sensor standpoint and identifies single photon avalanche diode (spad) arrays as the most suitable single-photon detectors to be rapidly and precisely time-gated without bulky, complex, or expensive setups. At first, we discuss the requirements for ideal Raman spad arrays, particularly focusing on the design guidelines for optimized on-chip processing electronics. Then we present some existing spad-based architectures, featuring specific operation modes which can be usefully exploited for Raman spectroscopy. Finally, we highlight key aspects for future ultrafast Raman platforms and highly integrated sensors capable of undistorted identification of Raman peaks across many pixels.

关键词： time-resolved Raman spectroscopy fluorescence suppression single photon avalanche diode (spad) spad array time gating single photon counting (SPC) time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC)

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

spads and SiPMs arrays for Long-Range High-Speed Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)

引用

SENSORS 2021年第11期21卷 3839页

作者： Villa, Federica Severini, Fabio Madonini, Francesca Zappa, Franco Politecn Milan Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 I-20133 Milan Italy

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a 3D imaging technique, widely used in many applications such as augmented reality, automotive, machine vision, spacecraft navigation and landing. Achieving long-ranges and high-speed, most of all in outdoor applications with strong solar background illumination, are challenging requirements. In the introduction we review different 3D-ranging techniques (stereo-vision, projection with structured light, pulsed-LiDAR, amplitude-modulated continuous-wave LiDAR, frequency-modulated continuous-wave interferometry), illumination schemes (single point and blade scanning, flash-LiDAR) and time-resolved detectors for LiDAR (EM-CCD, I-CCD, APD, spad, SiPM). Then, we provide an extensive review of silicon- single photon avalanche diode (spad)-based LiDAR detectors (both commercial products and research prototypes) analyzing how each architecture faces the main challenges of LiDAR (i.e., long ranges, centimeter resolution, large field-of-view and high angular resolution, high operation speed, background immunity, eye-safety and multi-camera operation). Recent progresses in 3D stacking technologies provided an important step forward in spad array development, allowing to reach smaller pitch, higher pixel count and more complex processing electronics. In the conclusions, we provide some guidelines for the design of next generation spad-LiDAR detectors.

关键词： light detection and ranging (LiDAR) single photon avalanche diode (spad) silicon photo multiplier (SiPM) spad array time-of-flight (TOF) 3D ranging scanning

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：