This article reports the findings from a phenomenographic study of career experts' conceptions of systems development in lifelong guidance settings. The results show that conceptions of systems development in life...
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This article reports the findings from a phenomenographic study of career experts' conceptions of systems development in lifelong guidance settings. The results show that conceptions of systems development in lifelong guidance varied from minimal, aspirational, strategic to systemic. By exploring the logical relationship between qualitatively different conceptions, it provides policymakers and other stakeholders with a way of holistically viewing the varying levels of lifelong guidance systems development. The matrix presented in this article may serve as a catalyst for reflection on crucial elements, such as legislation, leadership and cooperation, that have the potential to improve systems development in lifelong guidance.
Discusses the requirements for refuelling civil airliners, particularly under pressure refuelling. Analyses the problems that can arise and demonstrates how advancing technology has changed the appearance and efficien...
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Discusses the requirements for refuelling civil airliners, particularly under pressure refuelling. Analyses the problems that can arise and demonstrates how advancing technology has changed the appearance and efficiency of many components, particularly with reference to the control panel. Describes in detail the workings of a typical system;aspects of control of fuel quantity in refuelling;refuel control panels;and fuel gauges, with particular reference to the Boeing 777.
The approaches and tools used to develop information systems are often key factors in the ultimate success of these systems. Approaches may be classified as traditional, socio-technical, process automation, and altern...
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The approaches and tools used to develop information systems are often key factors in the ultimate success of these systems. Approaches may be classified as traditional, socio-technical, process automation, and alternative; tools are descriptive or normative. While the traditional approach and descriptive tools still dominate information system development, socio-technical approaches and normative tools are gaining favor. Process automation and alternative methodologies are, for the most part, experimental. This paper describes two socio-technical approaches and two normative tools, and presents six potential problems that could hinder their success; information requirements determination; system evaluation, maintenance, and modification; conflict; user/designer roles; short-term focus on success; and post-implementation synchronization of social and technical systems. As yet, there is no formal framework for relating problem characteristics and environment to appropriate approaches and tools. To realize this framework, research must address specific questions regarding approach and tool application. Therefore, the problems noted above are stated as propositions for investigation that should lead to better understanding of the conditions for applying socio-technical development and normative tools. The propositions also serve as example of the types of issues which should be considered in research leading to the aforementioned framework.
This study examines a series of relationships between total quality management (TQM) and information systems (IS) development. Specifically, we consider whether organizations which have more fully adopted TQM will be ...
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This study examines a series of relationships between total quality management (TQM) and information systems (IS) development. Specifically, we consider whether organizations which have more fully adopted TQM will be different in their approaches to IS development. Our findings suggest that where TQM is adopted more fully, there will be a significant impact on four areas of IS development: system goals;system design philosophy/concepts;assumptions made by IS professionals about system users and user involvement in system development. We also report evidence that both TQM and IT may require similar organizational cultures. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The purpose of this study was to identify the nature and scope of systems development projects in which 4GL's are being used, to compare these projects with projects in which procedural languages are being used, a...
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The purpose of this study was to identify the nature and scope of systems development projects in which 4GL's are being used, to compare these projects with projects in which procedural languages are being used, and to describe the benefits and limitations of 4GL's. Project managers with experience managing both traditional and 4GL projects returned questionnaires describing the size, cost, duration, scope and characteristics of these applications. The results indicated that project managers made a clear distinction between the types of projects that are appropriate for development using procedural languages and 4GL's. Procedural projects had higher transactions volumes, cost more, required more person-days, and were generally larger in scale. In contrast, 4GL projects had more variable outputs, less security requirements, less chance of audit, and less complexity. The perfect 4GL project was an inquiry and reporting system with less structured outputs, dynamic scheduling requirements, and low transactions volumes. MIS professionals recognize the benefits and limitations of 4GL's and are generally making good decisions about their use.
This study presents a new concept called information systems control alignment, which examines the degree that the underlying characteristics of four main information systems (IS) control dimensions are mutually compl...
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This study presents a new concept called information systems control alignment, which examines the degree that the underlying characteristics of four main information systems (IS) control dimensions are mutually complementary. Using three case studies, our research uncovers two high-functioning control patterns - one with traditional characteristics and one with agile characteristics - that demonstrate positive alignment among the control environment, control mechanisms, socio-emotional behaviors, and execution of controls. By better understanding the circumstances that contribute to control conflicts, organizations can be increasingly mindful of cultivating a complementary relationship among the control dimensions when designing, implementing, monitoring and adjusting controls within IS processes. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Critical Success Factors methodology has become an accepted top down methodology for information systems planning. This paper discusses how the CSF approach is tied to information systems development in one division o...
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Critical Success Factors methodology has become an accepted top down methodology for information systems planning. This paper discusses how the CSF approach is tied to information systems development in one division of the Hewlett-Packard organization. A step by step approach which maps CSF into Critical Success Projects is described. These steps ensure congruence of information systems activities designed to support operational and strategic efforts with those factors managers have identified as critical. This approach has proven beneficial in generating high level user involvement and support. In addition, it has caused IS analysts to become business partners with the client business.
This paper analyses two fundamental assumptions associated with the analysis and design of information systems:: (1) the assumed organizational role of information systems, and (2) the view of information requirements...
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This paper analyses two fundamental assumptions associated with the analysis and design of information systems:: (1) the assumed organizational role of information systems, and (2) the view of information requirements. In the case of the first assumption, it distinguishes three alternatives: a technical view, a sociotechnical view, and a social view. In the case of the second assumption, again three alternatives are explored: an objective view, a subjective view, and an intersubjective view. The paper points out the importance of these assumptions from the viewpoint of IS development through the analysis of eight IS development approaches: Information Modelling, Decision Support systems, the Socio-Technical Approach, the Infological Approach, the Interactionist approach, the Speech Act-based approach, Soft systems Methodology and the Scandinavian Trade Unionist approach. The first four are established traditions and the last four, newer and more emerging as IS development approaches. The analysis shows that the first two established traditions have a technical-mechanistic view of the organizational role of information systems, the view of the socio-technical tradition being socio-technical and the infological approach reflecting all three views. Most of the emerging approaches emphasize the social nature of information systems. In the case of information requirements, the differences between the established and emerging approaches are not as striking. While the objective and subjective views dominate the established traditions, only the Speech Act-based approach and Soft systems Methodology among the emerging approaches seem to emphasize the intersubjective nature of information requirements. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
Despite significant research progress on the problem of managing systems development risk, we are yet to see this problem addressed from an economic optimization perspective. Doing so entails answering the question: W...
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Despite significant research progress on the problem of managing systems development risk, we are yet to see this problem addressed from an economic optimization perspective. Doing so entails answering the question: What mitigations should be planned and deployed throughout the life of a systems development project in order to control risk and maximize project value? We introduce an integrative economic optimization approach to solving this problem. The approach is integrative since it bridges two complementary research streams: one takes a traditional microlevel technical view on the software development endeavor alone, another takes a macrolevel business view on the entire life cycle of a systems project. Bridging these views requires recognizing explicitly that value-based risk management decisions pertaining to one level impact and can be impacted by decisions pertaining to the other level. The economic optimization orientation follows from reliance on real options theory in modeling risk management decisions within a dynamic stochastic optimization setting. Real options theory is well suited to formalizing the impacts of risk as well as the asymmetric and contingent economic benefits of mitigations, in a way that enables their optimal balancing. We also illustrate how the approach is applied in practice to a small realistic example.
Many companies are increasingly shifting software development operations to offshore sites in countries like Ireland and India. This paper examines the offshore computing phenomenon in the context of a complex systems...
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Many companies are increasingly shifting software development operations to offshore sites in countries like Ireland and India. This paper examines the offshore computing phenomenon in the context of a complex systems project. The extent to which offshore computing can be carried out in different phases of the system development is explored. The utilization of various telematic technologies to facilitate this is examined. A framework for offshore project and site selection is presented.
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