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10th International Workshop on java Technologies for Real-Time and Embedded Systems (JTRES)

作者： Sondergaard, Hans Korsholm, Stephan E. Ravn, Anders P. VIA Univ Coll Horsens Denmark Aalborg Univ Dept Comp Sci Aalborg Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781450316880

We present an implementation of the safety-critical java profile (SCJ), targeted for low-end embedded platforms with as little as 16 kB RAM and 256 kB flash. The distinctive features of the implementation are a combination of a lean java virtual machine (HVM), with a bare metal kernel implementing hardware objects, first level interrupt handlers, and native variables, and an infrastructure written in java which is minimized through program specialization. The HVM allows the implementation to be easily ported to embedded platforms which have a C compiler as part of the development environment;the bare metal approach eliminates the need for a resource consuming operating system or C-library;the program specialization means that the infrastructure for the SCJ profile is optimized for a particular application keeping only the code and data the application needs. The SCJ implementation is evaluated with a known benchmark and shown to reduce this to a size where it can execute on a minimal configuration.

关键词： Embedded Systems Real-Time java Virtual Machine safety-critical java

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safety-critical java for embedded systems

Safety-critical Java for embedded systems

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12th International Workshop on java Technologies for Real-Time and Embedded Systems (JTRES)

作者： Schoeberl, Martin Dalsgaard, Andreas Engelbredt Hansen, Rene Rydhof Korsholm, Stephan E. Ravn, Anders P. Rivas, Juan Ricardo Rios Strom, Torur Biskopsto Sondergaard, Hans Wellings, Andy Zhao, Shuai Tech Univ Denmark Dept Appl Math & Comp Sci Bldg 322Room 128 DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark Aalborg Univ Comp Sci Aalborg Denmark VIA Univ Coll Horsens Denmark Univ York Dept Comp Sci York N Yorkshire England

This paper presents the motivation for and outcomes of an engineering research project on certifiable java for embedded systems. The project supports the upcoming standard for safety-critical java, which defines a subset of java and libraries aiming for development of high criticality systems. The outcome of this project include prototype safety-critical java implementations, a time-predictable java processor, analysis tools for memory safety, and example applications to explore the usability of safety-critical java for this application area. The text summarizes developments and key contributions and concludes with the lessons learned. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： safety-critical java real-time systems embedded systems

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The safety-critical java memory model formalised

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FORMAL ASPECTS OF COMPUTING 2013年第1期25卷 37-57页

作者： Cavalcanti, Ana Wellings, Andy Woodcock, Jim Univ York Dept Comp Sci York YO10 5GH N Yorkshire England

safety-critical java (SCJ) is a version of java for real-time programming, restricted to facilitate certification of implementations of safety-critical systems. Its development is the result of an international effort involving experts from industry and academia. What we provide here is, as far as we know, the first formalisation of the SCJ model of memory regions. We use Hoare and He's unifying theories of programming (UTP), enabling the integration of our theory with refinement models for object orientation and concurrency. In developing the SCJ theory, we also make a contribution to UTP by providing a general theory of invariants (an instance of which is used in the SCJ theory). The results presented here are a first essential ingredient to formalise the novel programming paradigm embedded in SCJ, and enable the justification and development of formal reasoning techniques based on refinement.

关键词： safety-critical java Memory safety Semantics Unifying theories of programming Integration Refinement

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An Evaluation of safety-critical java on a java Processor 17

An Evaluation of Safety-Critical Java on a Java Processor

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17th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC)

作者： Rios, Juan Ricardo Schoeberl, Martin Tech Univ Denmark Dept Appl Math & Comp Sci Odense Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781479944309

The safety-critical java (SCJ) specification provides a restricted set of the java language intended for applications that require certification. In order to test the specification, implementations are emerging and the need to evaluate those implementations in a systematic way is becoming important. In this paper we evaluate our SCJ implementation which is based on the java Optimized Processor JOP and we measure different performance and timeliness criteria relevant to hard real-time systems. Our implementation targets Level 0 and Level 1 of the specification and to test it we use a series of micro benchmarks, an application-based benchmark, and a reduced set of a SCJ technology compatibility kit. We evaluate the accuracy of periods, linear-time memory allocation, aperiodic event handling, dispatch latency for interrupts, context switch preemption latency, and synchronization.

关键词： Real-time systems Embedded systems java safety-critical systems safety-critical java java processor

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A Desktop 3D Printer in safety-critical java 12

A Desktop 3D Printer in Safety-Critical Java

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10th International Workshop on java Technologies for Real-Time and Embedded Systems (JTRES)

作者： Strom, Torur Biskopsto Schoeberl, Martin Tech Univ Denmark Dept Informat & math Modeling Lyngby Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781450316880

It is desirable to bring java technology to safety-critical systems. To this end The Open Group has created the safety-critical java specification, which will allow java applications, written according to the specification, to be certifiable in accordance with safety-critical standards. Although there exist several safety-critical java framework implementations, there is a lack of safety-critical use cases implemented according to the specification. In this paper we present a 3D printer and its safety-critical java level 1 implementation as a use case. With basis in the implementation we evaluate the specification and its usability for developers of safety-critical systems.

关键词： safety-critical java scoped memory RepRap

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Reusable Libraries for safety-critical java 17

Reusable Libraries for Safety-Critical Java

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17th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC)

作者： Rios, Juan Ricardo Schoeberl, Martin Tech Univ Denmark Dept Appl Math & Comp Sci Lyngby Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781479944309

The large collection of java class libraries is a main factor of the success of java. However, these libraries assume that a garbage-collected heap is used. safety-critical java uses scope-based memory areas instead of a garbage-collected heap. Therefore, the java class libraries are problematic to use in safety-critical java. We have identified common programming patterns in the java class libraries that make them unsuitable for safety-critical java. We propose ways to improve the libraries to avoid the impact of the identified problematic patterns. We illustrate these changes by implementing a total of five scope-safe classes from commonly used libraries.

关键词： Real-time systems java safety-critical systems safety-critical java

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safety-critical java for embedded systems

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CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2017年第22期29卷 e3963.1-e3963.22页

关键词： safety-critical java real-time systems embedded systems

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A real-time java tool chain for resource constrained platforms

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CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2014年第14期26卷 2407-2431页

作者： Korsholm, Stephan E. Sondergaard, Hans Ravn, Anders P. VIA Univ Coll Horsens Denmark Aalborg Univ Dept Comp Sci Aalborg Denmark

The java programming language was originally developed for embedded systems, but the resource requirements of previous and current java implementations - especially memory consumption - tend to exclude them from being used on a significant class of resource constrained embedded platforms. The contribution of this paper is an architecture and implementation of a java execution stack for resource constrained embedded platforms with a few kB of RAM and flash memory. The resource requirements of the presented architecture has been reduced significantly through all the layers of the architecture by integrating the following: (1) a lean virtual machine without any external dependencies on POSIX-like libraries or other OS functionalities;(2) a hardware abstraction layer, implemented almost entirely in java through the use of hardware objects, first level interrupt handlers, and native variables;and (3) an implementation of the safety-critical java profile Level 0 and 1 for hard real-time applications. All java components of a given application are minimized through program specialization, and because (2) and (3) are written in java, the program specialization has a significant impact on the resulting program size. An evaluation of the presented solution shows that the miniCDj benchmark gets reduced to a size where it can run on resource constrained platforms. Copyright (C) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： embedded systems java real-time java safety-critical java virtual machine

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Introduction to the Special Issue on java Technologies for Real-Time and Embedded Systems: JTRES 2012

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CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2014年第14期26卷 2405-2406页

作者： Teresa Higuera-Toledano, M. Wellings, Andy Univ Complutense Madrid Dept Comp Architecture & Syst Engn E-28040 Madrid Spain Univ York Dept Comp Sci York YO10 5DD N Yorkshire England

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Conformance test development with the java modeling language

Conformance test development with the Java modeling language

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12th International Workshop on java Technologies for Real-Time and Embedded Systems (JTRES)

作者： Sondergaard, Hans Korsholm, Stephan E. Ravn, Anders P. VIA Univ Coll Horsens Denmark Aalborg Univ Dept Comp Sci Aalborg Denmark

In order to claim conformance with a java Specification Request, a java implementation has to pass all tests in an associated Technology Compatibility Kit. This paper presents a model-based development of a Technology Compatibility Kit test suite and a test execution tool for the draft safety-critical java profile specification. The java Modeling Language is used to model conformance constraints for the profile. java Modeling Language annotations define contracts for classes and interfaces. The annotations are translated by a tool into runtime assertion checks. Hereby, the design and elaboration of the concrete test cases are simplified, because the expected results are derived from contracts and thus do not need to be provided explicitly. Bottom-up testing is applied for testing methods of the safety-critical java classes, whereas top-down testing is applied for testing global properties, such as protocols, memory management, and real-time properties, including scheduling. The tests are executed using a simplified version of JUnit, which makes the test suite executable on resource-constrained platforms. Copyright (c) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： test conformance test model-based testing Technology Compatibility Kit formal specification java Modeling Language safety-critical java real-time java

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