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Hash-Based Block Matching for screen content coding

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA 2015年第7期17卷 935-944页

作者： Zhu, Weijia Ding, Wenpeng Xu, Jizheng Shi, Yunhui Yin, Baocai Microsoft Res Asia Beijing 100080 Peoples R China Beijing Univ Technol Coll Metropolitan Transportat Beijing Key Lab Multimedia & Intelligent Software Beijing 100124 Peoples R China

By considering the increasing importance of screen contents, the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard includes screen content coding as one of its requirements. In this paper, we demonstrate that enabling frame level block searching in HEVC can significantly improve coding efficiency on screen contents. We propose a hash-based block matching scheme for the intra block copy mode and the motion estimation process, which enables frame level block searching in HEVC without changing the HEVC syntaxes. In the proposed scheme, the blocks sharing the same hash values with the current block are selected as prediction candidates. Then the hash-based block selection is employed to select the best candidates. To achieve the best coding efficiency, the rate distortion optimization is further employed to improve the proposed scheme by balancing the coding cost of motion vectors and prediction difference. Compared with HEVC, the proposed scheme achieves 21% and 37% bitrate saving with all intra and low delay configurations with encoding time reduction. Up to 59% bitrate saving can be achieved on sequences with large motions.

关键词： Hash-based block matching high efficiency video coding (HEVC) framework large motions in screen videos long-distance repeated patterns screen content coding

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Line-based self-referencing string prediction technique for screen content coding in AVS3

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2023年第15期82卷 23693-23708页

作者： Zhao, Liping Zhou, Qingyang Hu, Keli Feng, Sheng Zhou, Kailun Wang, Weixing Lin, Tao Shaoxing Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Shaoxing 312000 Peoples R China Peking Univ Informat Technol R&D Innovat Ctr Shaoxing 312000 Peoples R China Tongji Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn VLSI Lab Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China

String Prediction (SP) is a very efficient screen content coding (SCC) tool. In SP, the self-referencing string plays an important role to improve coding efficiency. But general self-referencing string has the problem of very low pixel copying throughput and is prohibited in the non-self-referencing based SP which has been adopted in the third-generation Audio Video Standard (AVS3). To overcome the problem and bring back the coding gain of self-referencing string, a line-based self-referencing string (LSRS) enabled SP technique is proposed. Moreover, to keep the pixel copying throughput and coding complexity of LSRS enabled SP the same as non-self-referencing based SP, an unbroken-line decomposition algorithm is presented to decompose an LSRS into multiple non-self-referencing strings. In this way, LSRS can be treated in the same way as a non-self-referencing string with the best trade-off between coding efficiency and complexity. Compared with non-self-referencing based SP, using AVS3 reference software HPM, for twelve SCC common test condition YUV test sequences in text and graphics with motion category and mixed content category, the proposed LSRS technique achieves the average Y BD-rate reduction of 0.81% and 0.59% as well as the maximum Y BD-rate reduction of 2.04% and 1.31% for All Intra and Low Delay configurations, respectively, with almost no additional encoding and decoding complexity. The proposed LSRS enabled SP technique has been adopted in AVS3.

关键词： Audio-video coding standard screen content coding String prediction Self-referencing String decomposition

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An Ultralow Complexity String Matching Approach to screen content coding in AVS3

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2021年第9期31卷 3714-3718页

作者： Yang, Yufen Zhou, Kailun Zhao, Liping Lin, Tao Tongji Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn VLSI Lab Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China Shaoxing Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Shaoxing 312000 Peoples R China

screen content coding (SCC) is increasingly used in mobile devices, and ultralow coding complexity is required for low power consumption. This article proposes an ultralow complexity string matching approach to SCC. The proposed approach has two essential features: 1) allowing only two types of most effective reference strings that have two most frequently occurring values of offset (i.e., displacement vector) named dual unity offset and 2) fully optimized coding of string matching parameters for maximum coding efficiency. Since at most only two offset values and corresponding reference string positions are allowed for any current string being coded, the optimal reference string searching process is extremely simple and only needs to select the best string from at most two candidates. Moreover, in the proposed approach, the value ranges of string matching parameters, i.e., the string offset vector and string length are very limited, resulting in few bits to code the two parameters and high coding efficiency. Compared with the AVS3 reference software HPM7.0 with IBC disabled, using AVS3 SCC common test condition and YUV test sequences in text and graphics with motion category, the proposed technique achieves Y average BD-rate reduction of 10.8% and 5.8% for all intra (AI) and low-delay B (LDB) configurations, respectively, at ultralow encoding and decoding complexity.

关键词： Encoding Complexity theory Standards Tools Hardware Mobile handsets Software Audio-video coding standard screen content coding string matching dual unity offset string

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screen content coding with Primary and Secondary Reference Buffers for String Matching and Copying

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ZTE Communications 2015年第4期13卷 53-60页

作者： Tao Lin Kailun Zhou Liping Zhao Tongji University

A screen content coding （SCC） algorithm that uses a primary reference buffer （PRB） and a secondary reference buffer （SRB） for string matching and string copying is proposed. PRB is typically the traditional reconstructed picture buffer which provides reference string pixels for the current pixels being coded. SRB stores a few of recently and frequently referenced pixels for repetitive reference by the current pixels being coded. In the encoder, searching of optimal reference string is performed in both PRB and SRB, and either a PRB or SRB string is selected as an optimal reference string on a string-by-string basis. Compared with HM-16.4＋SCM-40 reference software, the proposed SCC algorithm can improve coding performance measured by bit-distortion rate reduction of average 4.19% in all-intra configuration for text and graphics with motion category＇ of test sequences defined by JCT-VC common test condition.

关键词： HEVC hnage coding screen content coding String Matching Video coding

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PALETTE MODE - A NEW coding TOOL IN screen content coding EXTENSIONS OF HEVC

PALETTE MODE - A NEW CODING TOOL IN SCREEN CONTENT CODING EX...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

作者： Sun, Yu-Chen Chuang, Tzu-Der Lai, PoLin Chen, Yi-Wen Liu, Shan Huang, Yu-Wen Lei, Shawmin MediaTek Inc 1 Dusing 1st RdHsinchu Sci Pk Hsinchu 30078 Taiwan MediaTek USA Inc San Jose CA 95134 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479983391

Palette mode, as a new coding tool, is adopted in the screen content coding Extensions of High Efficiency Video coding (HEVC SCC) that is being defined by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video coding (JCT-VC). In the palette mode, pixels in a coding unit (CU) are represented by selected representative colours according to the characteristics of screen contents in which pixel values usually concentrate on few colour values. This paper introduces the palette mode in HEVC SCC, and our contributions to the palette mode are also presented. Experimental results show that disabling the palette mode suffers 20.3%, 13.0%, and 7.5% BD-rate increases for "YUV, text & graphics with motion, 1080p & 720p sequences" under all intra (AI), random access (RA), and low-delay B (LB) common test conditions, respectively.

关键词： palette screen content coding SCC High Efficiency Video coding HEVC

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FAST coding UNIT DECISION FOR INTRA screen content coding BASED ON ENSEMBLE LEARNING 44

FAST CODING UNIT DECISION FOR INTRA SCREEN CONTENT CODING BA...

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44th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Xue, Yali Wang, Xu Zhu, Linwei Pan, Zhaoqing Kwong, Sam Shenzhen Univ Coll Comp Sci & Software Engn Shenzhen Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol Shenzhen Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol Sch Comp & Software Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China City Univ Hong Kong Dept Comp Sci Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479981311

The screen content coding (SCC) is an extension of High Efficiency Video coding (HEVC), and it achieves significant improvement on compression ratio. However, the obtained coding efficiency is at the cost of high computational complexity. In this paper, to reduce the computation complexity, we propose to use an ensemble classifier for predicting the coding unit (CU) in intra-coding. Firstly, the L1-loss based linear support vector machine (SVM) is employed as basic classifier for its simplicity. Then, a bagging scheme is applied to train the linear classifiers and boost the prediction accuracy by ensemble learning. Compared with the reference software SCM-5.0, the proposed scheme can achieve 30% complexity reduction on average with only 1.64% bit rates increase.

关键词： screen content coding Linear Classification Intra coding coding Unit Decision Ensemble Learning

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A CROSS-COMPONENT PREDICTION MODEL FOR screen content coding

A CROSS-COMPONENT PREDICTION MODEL FOR SCREEN CONTENT CODING

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Picture coding Symposium (PCS)

作者： Vishwanath, Bharath Zhang, Kai Zhang, Li Bytedance Inc San Diego CA 92101 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665492577

Current video coding schemes such as VVC and ECM employ separate palette coding for luma and chroma components under dual-tree structure, ignoring cross-component correlations. Although there are linear and multi-modal linear models to capture cross-component correlations, such models are not tailored for screen content sequences. To address this, we propose a novel cross-component prediction model for screen content sequences. The proposed method builds on the core observation that, regions of screen content sequences comprise of few distinct colors and luma value (almost always) uniquely conveys chroma values. In the light of this observation, the proposed method derives chroma prediction based on a discrete mapping function between luma and chroma values. Specifically, the method simply remembers the reconstructed luma values and their corresponding chroma values in a look-up table and employs this look-up table for cross-component prediction for the current chroma block. To achieve higher accuracy, a multi-filter approach is employed to derive co-located luma values. For an example configuration, the proposed method achieves 1.37%, 1.08% and 1.68% Y, U and V bit-rate savings respectively over ECM 3.1, for text and graphics media under all-intra configuration, demonstrating its efficacy.

关键词： palette coding cross-component prediction screen content coding ECM VVC

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content Classification based Reference Frame Reduction and Machine Learning based Non-square Block Partition Skipping for Inter Prediction of screen content coding 2

Content Classification based Reference Frame Reduction and M...

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2nd International Conference on Multimedia and Image Processing (ICMIP)

作者： Wang, Yawei Chen, Gaoxing Ikenaga, Takeshi Waseda Univ Grad Sch Informat Prod & Syst Kitakyushu Fukuoka Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781509059546

screen content coding (SCC) is the extension of the latest video compression standard High Efficiency Video coding (HEVC). SCC is mainly developed for reducing the bit-rate of videos generated from computers. However, under inter configuration, SCC has large complexity which brings heavy burden to encoding. This paper proposes a content classification based reference frame reduction method and a non-square prediction unit (PU) skipping method to accelerate SCC. In reference frame reduction method, according to number of colors, input coding tree unit (CTUs) will be divided into two classes: natural contents and screen contents. For each class, reference frame can be reduced based on different standard. In PU partition skipping method, five features are extracted from a CTU. The classic learning tool SVM is used to classify CTUs, then six non-square PU partition in depth 1, 2, 3 can be skipped. Finally, 40.83% encoding time saving on average is achieved with only 0.71% BD-rate degradation compared with SCC reference software (SCM6.0).

关键词： HEVC screen content coding inter prediction prediction unit reference frame reduction machine learning

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Rate Control with Delay Constraint for screen content coding

Rate Control with Delay Constraint for Screen Content Coding

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IEEE Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)

作者： Xiao, Junshi Li, Bin Sun, Songlin Xu, Jizheng Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Informat & Commun Engn Beijing Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Minist Educ Key Lab Trustworthy Distributed Comp & Serv BUPT Beijing Peoples R China Microsoft Res Asia Beijing 100080 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538604625

Different from conventional video, screen content video often contains large movements and abrupt changes between adjacent frames. These distinct characteristics bring great challenges to the implementation of rate control in screen content coding (SCC). This paper proposes a novel rate control scheme for SCC considering the delay constraint. First, a pre-analyzer is designed to collect the information of the proceeding frames, which are about to be encoded. Then, after the information collection, more rational bit allocation strategy is adopted to keep the encoder from both buffer overflow and underflow. Furthermore, a delay constraint condition is derived for buffer and pre-analyzer to avoid additional delay. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves more accurate rate control accuracy and 3.10 dB gain on average when compared with the existing rate control scheme in HM-16.8+SCM-7.0.

关键词： screen content coding rate control delay constraint HEVC

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ADAPTIVE DUAL TREE STRUCTURE FOR screen content coding

ADAPTIVE DUAL TREE STRUCTURE FOR SCREEN CONTENT CODING

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Zhu, Weijia Xu, Jizheng Zhang, Li Wang, Yue Bytedance Inc 8910 Univ Ctr Lane San Diego CA 92122 USA Beijing Bytedance Network Technol 56 Zhichun Rd Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728176055

The quad-tree plus binary-tree (QTBT) partition structures was adopted into the versatile video coding (VVC) standard. In the QTBT partition structure, a dual tree structure can be applied on intra slices where the partitioning structures for luminance and chrominance components are separate. The dual tree structure is efficient for camera captured videos. However, it may be not the case for screen content videos. Therefore, adaptive dual tree structure is proposed in this paper wherein the coding structure of each coding tree unit is switched between separate and joint coding structure to adapt the textures adaptively. The proposed scheme is implemented into the reference software of the VVC standard-VTM. Simulation results report that up to 4.5% BD bitrate saving can achieve on the typical screen content videos when compared to VTM5.

关键词： dual tree structure partitioning structure screen content coding versatile video coding image/video coding

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