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IEEE First International Conference on Multimedia Big Data

作者： Fan, Juanting Wang, Shanshe Wang, Shiqi Xiong, Ruiqin Ma, Siwei Peking Univ Inst Digital Media Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479986880

In this paper, we propose a novel quantization parameter offset optimization scheme for screen content videos based on the high correlation among adjacent frames. Firstly, we define a measurement of inter-frame correlation for successive frames. Then, according to the defined correlation measurement, quantization parameter offset for different frames is appropriately adjusted. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed optimization scheme brings coding performance improvement. The maximum BD-rate gain can be over 3.8% and the average performance gain is over 2% compared with the reference software.

关键词： screen content coding Quantization Parameter Offset Inter-frame similarity

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NEAREST-NEIGHBOR INTRA PREDICTION FOR screen content VIDEO coding

NEAREST-NEIGHBOR INTRA PREDICTION FOR SCREEN CONTENT VIDEO C...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Haoming Chen Ankur Saxena Felix Fernandes Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Samsung Information Systems America

ISBN: (纸本)9781479957521

screen content video coding is becoming increasingly important in various applications, such as desktop sharing, video conferencing, and remote education. In general, compared to natural camera-captured content, screen content has different characteristics, such as sharp edges. In this paper, we propose a novel intra prediction scheme for screen content video. In the proposed scheme, bilinear interpolation in angular intra prediction in HEVC is selectively replaced by nearest-neighbor (NN) interpolation to preserve the sharp edges in screen content video. We present two different variants of NN interpolation. In the first implicit pixel-based method, both the encoder, and the decoder determine whether to perform NN interpolation based on the prediction pixels. The second method comprises of the encoder performing a Rate-Distortion search at a block-level, and explicitly signaling a flag to the decoder to indicate when to use the NN interpolation. Both the proposed variants provide significant gains over HEVC, and simulation results show that average gains of 3.3% BD-bitrate are achieved for screen content video. The HEVC proposal of this method was accepted in the core experiments, and would be a technology under consideration in the ongoing screen content coding extension of HEVC scheduled to begin in March 2014.

关键词： Intra prediction screen content coding Nearest-neighbor interpolation Bilinear interpolation H.265/HEVC

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Overview of the screen content Support in VVC: Applications, coding Tools, and Performance

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2021年第10期31卷 3801-3817页

作者： Tung Nguyen Xu, Xiaozhong Henry, Felix Liao, Ru-Ling Sarwer, Mohammed Golam Karczewicz, Marta Chao, Yung-Hsuan Xu, Jizheng Liu, Shan Marpe, Detlev Sullivan, Gary J. Heinrich Hertz Inst Nachrichtentech Berlin GmbH Fraunhofer Inst Telecommun Dept Video Commun & Applicat D-10587 Berlin Germany Tencent Palo Alto CA 94036 USA Orange Labs F-92794 Issy Les Moulineaux France Alibaba Sunnyvale CA 94085 USA Qualcomm Technol Inc San Diego CA 92121 USA Bytedance Inc San Diego CA 92122 USA Microsoft Redmond WA 98052 USA

In an increasingly connected world, consumer video experiences have diversified away from traditional broadcast video into new applications with increased use of non-camera-captured content such as computer screen desktop recordings or animations created by computer rendering, collectively referred to as screen content. There has also been increased use of graphics and character content that is rendered and mixed or overlaid together with camera-generated content. The emerging Versatile Video coding (VVC) standard, in its first version, addresses this market change by the specification of low-level coding tools suitable for screen content. This is in contrast to its predecessor, the High Efficiency Video coding (HEVC) standard, where highly efficient screen content support is only available in extension profiles of its version 4. This paper describes the screen content support and the five main low-level screen content coding tools in VVC: transform skip residual coding (TSRC), block-based differential pulse-code modulation (BDPCM), intra block copy (IBC), adaptive color transform (ACT), and the palette mode. The specification of these coding tools in the first version of VVC enables the VVC reference software implementation (VTM) to achieve average bit-rate savings of about 41% to 61% relative to the HEVC test model (HM) reference software implementation using the Main 10 profile for 4:2:0 screen content test sequences. Compared to the HM using the screen-Extended Main 10 profile and the same 4:2:0 test sequences, the VTM provides about 19% to 25% bit-rate savings. The same comparison with 4:4:4 test sequences revealed bit-rate savings of about 13% to 27% for Y'CBCR and of about 6% to 14% for R'G'B' screen content. Relative to the HM without the HEVC version 4 screen content coding extensions, the bit-rate savings for 4:4:4 test sequences are about 33% to 64% for Y'CBCR and 43% to 66% for R'G'B' screen content.

关键词： VVC H.266 video coding screen content coding TSRC BDPCM IBC palette coding ACT HEVC VTM

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Mixed Chroma Sampling-Rate High Efficiency Video coding for Full-Chroma screen content

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2013年第1期23卷 173-185页

作者： Lin, Tao Zhang, Peijun Wang, Shuhui Zhou, Kailun Chen, Xianyi Tongji Univ VLSI Lab Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China

Computer screens contain discontinuous-tone content and continuous-tone content. Thus, the most effective way for screen content coding (SCC) is to use two essentially different coders: a dictionary-entropy coder and a traditional hybrid coder. Although screen content is originally in a full-chroma (e. g., YUV444) format, the current method of compression is to first subsample chroma of pictures and then compress pictures using a chroma-subsampled (e. g., YUV420) coder. Using two chroma-subsampled coders cannot achieve high-quality SCC, but using two full-chroma coders is overkill and inefficient for SCC. To solve the dilemma, this paper proposes a mixed chroma sampling-rate approach for SCC. An original full-chroma input macroblock (coding unit) or its prediction residual is chroma-subsampled. One full-chroma base coder and one chroma-subsampled base coder are used simultaneously to code the original and the chroma-subsampled macroblock, respectively. The coder minimizing rate-distortion (R-D) is selected as the final coder for the macroblock. The two base coders are coherently unified and optimized to get the best overall coding performance and share coding components and resources as much as possible. The approach achieves very high visual quality with minimal computing complexity increment for SCC, and has better R-D performance than two full-chroma coders approach, especially in low bitrate.

关键词： Dictionary-entropy coding full-chroma hybrid coding screen content coding

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Short-Distance Intra Prediction of screen content in Versatile Video coding (VVC)

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IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS 2018年第11期25卷 1690-1694页

作者： Abdoli, Mohsen Henry, Felix Brault, Patrice Duhamel, Pierre Dufaux, Frederic Orange Labs F-35512 Cesson Sevigne France Univ Paris Sud CNRS L2S Cent Supelec F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette France

A novel intra prediction algorithm is proposed to improve the coding performance of screen content for the emerging Versatile Video coding (VVC) standard. The algorithm, called inloop residual coding with scalar quantization, employs in-block pixels as reference rather than the regular out-block ones. To this end, an additional in-loop residual signal is used to partially reconstruct the block at the pixel level, during the prediction. The proposed algorithm is essentially designed to target high detail textures, where deep block partitioning structure is required. Therefore, it is implemented to operate on 4 x 4 blocks only, where further block split is not allowed and the standard algorithm is still unable to properly predict the texture. Experiments in the Joint Exploration Model (JEM) reference software show that the proposed algorithm brings a Rjontegaard Delta (BD)-rate gain of 13% on synthetic content, with a negligible computational complexity overhead at both encoder and decoder sides.

关键词： Intra prediction screen content coding VVC

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Two-Step Fast Mode Decision for Intra coding of screen content

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 2022年第8期32卷 5608-5622页

作者： Gao, Changsheng Li, Li Liu, Dong Chen, Zhibo Li, Weiping Wu, Feng Univ Sci & Technol China CAS Key Lab Technol Geospatial Informat Proc & Ap Hefei 230027 Peoples R China

With the rapid development of screen content video applications, screen content coding (SCC) is urgently needed to be used in commercial codecs. However, the extra encoding complexity introduced by the new SCC tools has posed a great challenge for its practical deployment. In this paper, motivated by our observations that there should be a fine-grained mapping between image content and candidate modes, we propose a two-step fast mode decision method to reduce the encoding complexity. First, we propose to use a convolution neural network (CNN) to automatically extract useful features for fine-grained content classification. Second, we build a precise and concise mapping from CUs to candidate modes by simultaneously considering CU content type, CU size, and mode complexity. Note that the spatial correlations between neighboring CUs and current CU are also utilized in candidate modes derivation. In addition to the two-step fast mode decision method, a content-aware early termination algorithm is further proposed to reduce the encoding complexity. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves better performance compared with state-of-the-art ones, with 50.13% total encoding complexity reduction and only 0.92% BD-rate increase.

关键词： Encoding Copper Complexity theory Correlation Image color analysis Image coding Feature extraction Candidate modes mapping fast mode decision fine-grained classification rate-distortion-complexity trade-off screen content coding

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2-D Index Map coding for HEVC screen content Compression

2-D Index Map Coding for HEVC Screen Content Compression

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Data Compression Conference (DCC)

作者： Xu, Yiling Huang, Wei Wang, Wei Duanmu, Fanyi Ma, Zhan Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Shanghai Peoples R China FutureWei Technol Santa Clara CA USA NYU New York NY USA Nanjing Univ Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479984305

This paper introduces a 2-D index map coding of the palette mode in screen content coding extension of the High-Efficiency Video coding (HEVC SCC) standard to further improve the compression performance. In contrast to the current 1-D search using RUN to represent the length of matched string, we bring the block width and height to describe the arbitrary rectangle shape. We also use the block vector displacement to signal the matched block distance efficiently. By enlarging the search range from current coding tree unit (CTU) to a small neighbor CTU window (i.e., 3x5 CTUs), it provides the coding efficiency comparable to the case that full-frame intra block copy is used. It is more practical to use the local search window in real life considering the trade-off between the coding efficiency and implementation cost.

关键词： HEVC Palette mode screen content coding

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Optimization of Probability Distributions for Residual coding of screen content

Optimization of Probability Distributions for Residual Codin...

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IEEE International Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP) - Visual Communications in the Era of AI and Limited Resources

作者： Och, Hannah Strutz, Tilo Kaup, Andre Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg FAU Multimedia Commun & Signal Proc Cauerstr 7 D-91058 Erlangen Germany Leipzig Univ Telecommun Deutsch Telekom AG Inst Commun Engn Gustav Freytag Str 43-45 D-04277 Leipzig Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781728185514

Probability distribution modeling is the basis for most competitive methods for lossless coding of screen content. One such state-of-the-art method is known as soft context formation (SCF). For each pixel to be encoded, a probability distribution is estimated based on the neighboring pattern and the occurrence of that pattern in the already encoded image. Using an arithmetic coder, the pixel color can thus be encoded very efficiently, provided that the current color has been observed before in association with a similar pattern. If this is not the case, the color is instead encoded using a color palette or, if it is still unknown, via residual coding. Both palette-based coding and residual coding have significantly worse compression efficiency than coding based on soft context formation. In this paper, the residual coding stage is improved by adaptively trimming the probability distributions for the residual error. Furthermore, an enhanced probability modeling for indicating a new color depending on the occurrence of new colors in the neighborhood is proposed. These modifications result in a bitrate reduction of up to 2.9 % on average. Compared to HEVC (HM-16.21 + SCM-8.8) and FLIF, the improved SCF method saves on average about 11 % and 18 % rate, respectively.

关键词： distribution modelling lossless coding screen content coding color image compression soft context formation

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JND-BASED PERCEPTUAL VIDEO coding FOR 4:4:4 screen content DATA IN HEVC

JND-BASED PERCEPTUAL VIDEO CODING FOR 4:4:4 SCREEN CONTENT D...

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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Prangnell, Lee Sanchez, Victor Univ Warwick Dept Comp Sci Warwick England

ISBN: (纸本)9781538646588

The JCT-VC standardized screen content coding (SCC) extension in the HEVC HM RExt + SCM reference codec offers an impressive coding efficiency performance when compared with HM RExt alone;however, it is not significantly perceptually optimized. For instance, it does not include advanced HVS-based perceptual coding methods, such as Just Noticeable Distortion (JND)-based spatiotemporal masking schemes. In this paper, we propose a novel JND-based perceptual video coding technique for HM RExt + SCM. The proposed method is designed to further improve the compression performance of HM RExt + SCM when applied to YCbCr 4:4:4 SC video data. In the proposed technique, luminance masking and chrominance masking are exploited to perceptually adjust the Quantization Step Size (QStep) at the coding Block (CB) level. Compared with HM RExt 16.10 + SCM 8.0, the proposed method considerably reduces bitrates (Kbps), with a maximum reduction of 48.3%. In addition to this, the subjective evaluations reveal that SC-PAQ achieves visually lossless coding at very low bitrates.

关键词： HEVC screen content coding Perceptual Video coding Perceptual Quantization Visually Lossless coding

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SR-LBSCC: Super resolution based screen content image compression at low bitrate

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PATTERN RECOGNITION LETTERS 2025年 191卷 96-102页

作者： Tang, Tong Li, Min Zhang, Xin Zheng, Shenhai Li, Weisheng Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Comp Sci & Technol Chongwen Rd 2 Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China Key Lab Image Cognit Chongwen Rd 2 Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Commun & Informat Engn Chongwen Rd 2 Chongqing 400065 Peoples R China

The massive amount of screen content data puts enormous pressure on storage and bandwidth, and traditional screen content encoding methods (e.g. HEVC-SCC) cannot meet the requirements of high efficient compression. The main challenge is how to retain the sharp edges when screen content images are encoded with low bitrates. In this paper, we propose a super resolution (SR) based screen content image compression method for low bitrate encoding (SR-LBSCC). Concretely, first, the original image is down-sampled and compressed with the traditional screen content coding method, which significantly reduces the encoded bitrate. Then, a novel SR neural network is designed to enhance quality of reconstructed image, which could recover details and remove compression artifacts. Finally, experimental results show that compared with the standard HEVC-SCC, the proposed method could averagely reduce bitrate cost by 17.02% and 24.97% respectively on the SCID and SIQAD datasets at similar subjective quality.

关键词： screen content coding Super resolution Image compression High efficiency video coding (HEVC)

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