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An Entropy-Based algorithm for Proposing a Suitable Design Pattern

INFORMATICA 2016年第4期27卷 843-862页

作者： Pavlic, Luka Hericko, Marjan Podgorelec, Vili Repolusk, Polona Univ Maribor Fac Elect Engn & Comp Sci Smetanova 17 SI-2000 Maribor Slovenia Univ Maribor Fac Nat Sci & Math Koroska Cesta 160 SI-2000 Maribor Slovenia

This paper deals with the problem of selecting a suitable design pattern when necessary. The number of design patterns has been rapidly rising, but management and searching facilities appear to be lagging behind. In this paper we will present a platform, which is used to search for suitable design patterns and for design patterns knowledge exchange. We are introducing a novel design pattern proposing approach: the developer no longer searches for an appropriate design pattern, but rather the intelligent component asks the developer questions. We do not want to invest extra effort in terms of maintaining a special expert system. Guided dialogues consist of independent questions from different sources and authors that are automatically combined. The enabling algorithm and formulas are discussed in detail. This paper also presents our comparison with human-created expert systems via a decision tree. Experiments were executed in order to verify our approach performance. The control group used a human-created expert system, while others were given a proposing component to find appropriate design patterns.

关键词： algorithms ontologies design patterns entropy selection algorithm software engineering

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Trajectory tracking control of an underactuated capsubot

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AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS 2015年第2期39卷 183-198页

作者： Huda, M. Nazmul Yu, Hongnian Bournemouth Univ Fac Sci & Technol Comp Sci Bournemouth Dorset England Coventry Univ Fac Engn & Comp Coventry W Midlands England

Trajectory tracking control of underactuated systems is one of the challenging issues. This paper proposes a two-stage control strategy for the trajectory tracking of a class of underactuated mechanical systems. Two new acceleration profiles for the capsubot motion generation are proposed for the motion control of the capsubot. The optimum selection of the parameters of the acceleration profile is investigated. To track the trajectory of the capsubot, a selection algorithm is proposed. Simulation and experimentation are performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the control strategy and selection algorithm along with the newly proposed acceleration profiles.

关键词： Underactuated system Capsubot Two-stage control strategy selection algorithm

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Minimum data requirements for designing a set of marine protected areas, using commonly available abiotic and biotic datasets

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BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2009年第7期18卷 1829-1845页

作者： Ban, Natalie C. James Cook Univ Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies Townsville Qld 4811 Australia Univ British Columbia Fisheries Ctr Project Seahorse Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

Marine protected areas (MPAs) can be an effective tool for marine biodiversity conservation, yet decision-makers usually have limited and biased datasets with which to make decisions about where to locate MPAs. Using commonly available abiotic and biotic datasets, I asked how many datasets are necessary to achieve robust patterns of conservation importance. I applied a decision support tool for marine protected area design in two regions of British Columbia, Canada, and sequentially excluded the datasets with the most limited geographic distribution. I found that the reserve selection method was robust to some missing datasets. The removal of up to 15 of the most geographically limited datasets did not significantly change the geographic patterns of the importance of areas for conservation. Indeed, including abiotic datasets plus at least 12 biotic datasets resulted in a spatial pattern similar to including all available biotic datasets. It was best to combine abiotic and biotic datasets in order to ensure habitats and species were represented. Patterns of clustering differed according to whether I used one set alone or both combined. Biotic datasets served as better surrogates for abiotic datasets than vice versa, and both represented more biodiversity features than randomly selected reserves. These results should provide encouragement to decision-makers engaged in MPA planning with limited spatial data.

关键词： Biodiversity surrogates Data limitations Marine conservation Marine reserves Marxan selection algorithm Systematic conservation planning

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Perpetuities with thin tails

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ADVANCES IN APPLIED PROBABILITY 1996年第2期28卷 463-480页

作者： Goldie, CM Grubel, R UNIV HANNOVER INST MATH STOCHAST D-30060 HANNOVER GERMANY UNIV LONDON QUEEN MARY & WESTFIELD COLL LONDON E1 4NS ENGLAND

We investigate the behaviour of P(R greater than or equal to r) and P(R less than or equal to-r) as r-->infinity for the random variable R:=Sigma(n=1)(infinity) Q(n) Pi(k=1)(n=1) M(k), where ((Q(k), M(k)))(k is an element of N) is an independent, identically distributed sequence with P(-1 less than or equal to M less than or equal to 1)=1. Random variables of this type appear in insurance mathematics, as solutions of stochastic difference equations, in the analysis of probabilistic algorithms and elsewhere. Exponential and Poissonian tail behaviour can arise.

关键词： perpetuity random affine map selection algorithm stochastic difference equation stochastic discounting tail behaviour

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SLA conscious VM migration for host consolidation in cloud framework

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 2017年第1期19卷 46-64页

作者： Thaman, Jyoti Singh, Manpreet MM Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Ambala 134003 Haryana India MM Univ Dept Comp Sci & Engn Sadopur 133003 Haryana India

Cloud computing has emerged as an alternate infrastructure, computation and service platform. Several user jobs and applications concurrently compete for cloud resources. Cloud environment exploits virtualisation to instantiate virtual machine (VM) for subscribers. VMs are like producers and consumers in cloud environment. VMs consume computational, storage and network resources in cloud on behalf of jobs and tasks. Jobs of subscribers are represented as VM or VMs. In this view, VMs are producers. Another concern in clouds remains energy efficiency. This paper presents a novel SLA aware VM selection scheme. Proposed selection scheme has been compared with minimum migration time, linear regression, maximum utilisation and threshold-based selection schemes. Simulations-based analysis established that proposed approach (SLA consciousness) outperforms other selection schemes using various allocation strategies. During simulation some real world workload traces from PlanetLab has been used.

关键词： heuristics VM placement unification variance selection algorithm SLA energy efficiency host consolidation quality of service QoS virtualisation simulation utilisation ratio VM migration novel service platform PlanetLab

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Modeling and analysis of modular structure in diverse biological networks

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JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY 2017年 422卷 18-30页

作者： Al-Anzi, Bader Gerges, Sherif Olsman, Noah Ormerod, Christopher Piliouras, Georgios Ormerod, John Zinn, Kai CALTECH Div Biol & Biol Engn Pasadena CA 91125 USA CALTECH Div Engn & Appl Sci Control & Dynam Syst Opt Pasadena CA 91125 USA CALTECH Div Phys Math & Astron Pasadena CA 91125 USA Univ Maine Dept Math & Stat Orono ME 04469 USA Broad Inst Harvard & MIT Med & Populat Genet Cambridge MA 02142 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Analyt & Translat Genet Unit Boston MA 02114 USA Harvard Med Sch Program Biol & Biomed Sci Boston MA 02115 USA Singapore Univ Technol & Design Engn Syst & Design 8 Somapah Rd Singapore 487372 Singapore Univ Sydney Sch Math & Stat F07 Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Biological networks, like most engineered networks, are not the product of a singular design but rather are the result of a long process of refinement and optimization. Many large real-world networks are comprised of well-defined and meaningful smaller modules. While engineered networks are designed and refined by humans with particular goals in mind, biological networks are created by the selective pressures of evolution. In this paper, we seek to define aspects of network architecture that are shared among different types of evolved biological networks. First, we developed a new mathematical model, the Stochastic Block Model with Path selection (SBM-PS) that simulates biological network formation based on the selection of edges that increase clustering. SBM-PS can produce modular networks whose properties resemble those of real networks. Second, we analyzed three real networks of very different types, and showed that all three can be fit well by the SBM-PS model. Third, we showed that modular elements within the three networks correspond to meaningful biological structures. The networks chosen for analysis were a proteomic network composed of all proteins required for mitochondrial function in budding yeast, a mesoscale anatomical network composed of axonal connections among regions of the mouse brain, and the connectome of individual neurons in the nematode C. elegans. We find that the three networks have common architectural features, and each can be divided into subnetworks with characteristic topologies that control specific phenotypic outputs. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： MODULAR CONSTRUCTIONS block models Networking CNS - Brain (MMHCC) Caenorhabditis elegans selection algorithm modular components Network modular network

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Employing antenna selection to improve energy efficiency in massive MIMO systems

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TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES 2017年第12期28卷 n/a-n/a页

作者： Arash, Masoud Yazdian, Ehsan Fazel, Mohammad Sadegh Brante, Glauber Imran, Muhammad Ali Isfahan Univ Technol Dept Elect & Comp Engn Esfahan *** Iran Fed Univ Technol Parana UFTPR Dept Elect Engn Curitiba Parana Brazil Univ Glasgow Sch Engn Glasgow Lanark Scotland

Massive multi-input-multi-output systems promise high data rates by using a large number of antennas, which also increases the power usage of the system as a consequence. This creates an optimization problem that specifies how many antennas the system should use to operate with maximal energy efficiency (EE). Our main goal is to consider a base station with a fixed number of antennas, such that the system can operate with a smaller subset of antennas according to the number of active user terminals, which may vary over time. Thus, in this paper, we propose an antenna selection algorithm, which selects the best antennas according to the better channel conditions with respect to the users, aiming at improving the overall EE. Then, due to the complexity of the mathematical formulation, a tight approximation for the consumed power is presented, using the Wishart theorem, and it is used to find a deterministic formulation for the EE. Simulation results show that the approximation is quite tight and that there is significant improvement in terms of EE when antenna selection is used.

关键词： Data transfer rates approximation Power consumption multiple input multiple output systems Energy efficiency selection algorithm

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Modelling the occurrence of threatened plant species in taiga landscapes:: methodological and ecological perspectives

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JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY 2008年第10期35卷 1888-1905页

作者： Parviainen, Miia Luoto, Miska Ryttari, Terhi Heikkinen, Risto K. Univ Oulu Dept Geog FIN-90014 Oulu Finland Univ Oulu Thule Inst FIN-90014 Oulu Finland Finnish Environm Inst Helsinki Finland

Aim Understanding the spatial patterns of species distribution and predicting the occurrence of high biological diversity and rare species are central themes in biogeography and environmental conservation. The aim of this study was to model and scrutinize the relative contributions of climate, topography, geology and land-cover factors to the distributions of threatened vascular plant species in taiga landscapes in northern Finland. Location North-east Finland, northern Europe. Methods The study was performed using a data set of 28 plant species and environmental variables at a 25-ha resolution. Four different stepwise selection algorithms [Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), adaptive backfitting, cross selection] with generalized additive models (GAMs) were fitted to identify the main environmental correlates for species occurrences. The accuracies of the distribution models were evaluated using fourfold cross-validation based on the area under the curve (AUC) derived from receiver operating characteristic plots. The GAMs were tentatively extrapolated to the whole study area and species occurrence probability maps were produced using GIS techniques. The effect of spatial autocorrelation on the modelling results was also tested by including autocovariate terms in the GAMs. Results According to the AUC values, the model performance varied from fair to excellent. The AIC algorithm provided the highest mean performance (mean AUC = 0.889), whereas the lowest mean AUC (0.851) was obtained from BIC. Most of the variation in the distribution of threatened plant species was related to growing degree days, temperature of the coldest month, water balance, cover of mire and mean elevation. In general, climate was the most powerful explanatory variable group, followed by land cover, topography and geology. Inclusion of the autocovariate only slightly improved the performance of the models and had a minor effect on the importance of the envi

关键词： conservation biogeography GAM GIS probability map response curve selection algorithm taiga threatened species

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FOCuS: a metaheuristic algorithm for computing knockouts from genome-scale models for strain optimization

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MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017年第7期13卷 1355-1363页

作者： Mutturi, Sarma CSIR Cent Food Technol Res Inst Dept Microbiol & Fermentat Technol Mysuru 570020 Karnataka India

Although handful tools are available for constraint-based flux analysis to generate knockout strains, most of these are either based on bilevel-MIP or its modifications. However, metaheuristic approaches that are known for their flexibility and scalability have been less studied. Moreover, in the existing tools, sectioning of search space to find optimal knocks has not been considered. Herein, a novel computational procedure, termed as FOCuS (Flower-pOllination coupled Clonal selection algorithm), was developed to find the optimal reaction knockouts from a metabolic network to maximize the production of specific metabolites. FOCuS derives its benefits from nature-inspired flower pollination algorithm and artificial immune system-inspired clonal selection algorithm to converge to an optimal solution. To evaluate the performance of FOCuS, reported results obtained from both MIP and other metaheuristic-based tools were compared in selected case studies. The results demonstrated the robustness of FOCuS irrespective of the size of metabolic network and number of knockouts. Moreover, sectioning of search space coupled with pooling of priority reactions based on their contribution to objective function for generating smaller search space significantly reduced the computational time.

关键词： Metabolic Networks focus Objective function computational time MIP gene sectioning Clonal selection KNOCKOUT flux analysis algorithms Scalability FOCUSING selection algorithm pooling

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Time-lapse imaging algorithms rank human preimplantation embryos according to the probability of live birth imaging

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REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE 2018年第3期37卷 304-313页

作者： Fishel, Simon Campbell, Alison Montgomery, Sue Smith, Rachel Nice, Lynne Duffy, Samantha Jenner, Lucy Berrisford, Kathryn Kellam, Louise Smith, Rob Foad, Fiona Beccles, Ashley CARE Fertil Grp John Webster House6 Lawrence Dr Nottingham NG8 6PZ England CARE Manchester 108-112 Daisy Bank RdVictoria Pk Manchester M14 5QH Lancs England CARE Sheffield 24-26 Glen Rd Sheffield S7 1RA S Yorkshire England CARE Northampton 67 Ave Northampton NN1 5BT England CARE Nottingham John Webster House6 Lawrence Dr Nottingham NG8 6PZ England CARE London Pk Lorne111 Pk Rd London NW8 7JL England CARE Dublin Beacon CARE Fertil Dublin 18 Ireland

Research question: Can blastocysts leading to live births be ranked according to morphokinetic-based algorithms? Design: Retrospective analysis of 781 single blastocyst embryo transfers, including all patient clinical factors that might be potential confounders for the primary outcome measure of live birth, was weighed using separate multi-variable logistic regression models. Results: There was strong evidence of effect of embryo rank on odds of live birth. Embryos were classified A, B, C or D according to calculated variables;time to start (tSB) and duration (dB{tB - tSB}) of blastulation. Embryos of rank D were less likely to result in live birth than embryos of rank A (odds ratio [OR] 0.3046;95% confidence interval [CI] 0.129, 0.660;P < 0.005). Embryos ranked B were less likely to result in live birth than those ranked A (OR 0.7114;95% CI 0.505, 1.001;P < 0.01), and embryos ranked C were less likely to result in live birth than those ranked A (OR 0.6501, 95% CI 0.373, 1.118;P < 0.01). Overall, the LRT (Likelihood Ratio Test) p-value for embryo rank shows that there is strong evidence that embryo rank is informative as a whole in discriminating between live birth and no live birth outcomes (p = 0.0101). The incidence of live birth was 52.5% from rank A, 39.2% from rank B, 31.4% from rank C and 13.2% from rank D. Conclusions: Time-lapse imaging morphokinetic-based algorithms for blastocysts can provide objective hierarchical ranking of embryos for predicting live birth and may have greater discriminating power than conventional blastocyst morphology assessment.

关键词： Embryo imaging Embryo morphology Human IVF Live birth selection algorithm Time lapse

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