sensors based on personalized healthcare systems have been widely used in the medical ***,energy limitations have greatly hindered the further development of medical *** the traditional Medium Access Control(MAC)proto...
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sensors based on personalized healthcare systems have been widely used in the medical ***,energy limitations have greatly hindered the further development of medical *** the traditional Medium Access Control(MAC)protocol,the duration of low-power listening is fixed because it ignores that the available energy of sensors is different in some situations,which leads to a high delay and low energy *** this paper,a Maximum Listening Length MAC(MLL-MAC)protocol is proposed to fully utilize the energy in the sensor-based *** MLL-MAC protocol is an improvement of the Receiver-Initiated(RI)MAC *** main advance is that the sensor node performs the following additional operations:(1)The sender sends a beacon when it wakes up and sends data,thus establishing a communication link with the receiver in the listening state;(2)The receiver keeps listening as long as possible to reduce the delay when it wakes up and listens to the channel,which is different from the previous strategy in which the node turns into a sleep state immediately without receiving ***,the sensor node can dynamically determine whether to send beacons and prolong listening duration according to its available energy *** MLL-MAC protocol is evaluated through theoretical analysis and experimental *** results show that,compared with the RI-MAC protocol,the MLL-MAC protocol can reduce the average end-to-end delay by 41.4%and improve the energy utilization by 15.1%.
Neighbor discovery is basic for Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs) communication, which is the key to network performance. Since sensor nodes were powered by battery, sleep/active rotation was widely adopted to save ener...
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Neighbor discovery is basic for Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs) communication, which is the key to network performance. Since sensor nodes were powered by battery, sleep/active rotation was widely adopted to save energy, which led to the neighbor discovery problem. Many timely neighbor discovery protocols are proposed for wake-up scheduling to expedite the discovery and data routing while saving energy. In this paper, an asymmetric quorum-based neighbor discovery (AQND) protocol is proposed to reduce the delay of neighbor discovery and data routing while improving the energy utilization and maintaining a high lifetime. According to our theoretical analysis, the proposed AQND protocol outperforms previous strategies in main performance indicators such as reducing the average relative error of duty cycle, the maximum neighbor discovery delay and the end-to-end discovery delay while improving the energy utilization ratio. In addition, using the proposed AQND protocol to improve the above network performances doesn't reduce lifetime. Maintaining the end-to-end delay consistent with the previous strategies, the lifetime of network can be improved.
Due to the development of microprocessor technology, there are more than 20 billion sensor-based devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) to monitor physical phe-nomena and events. To reduce the energy used b...
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Due to the development of microprocessor technology, there are more than 20 billion sensor-based devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) to monitor physical phe-nomena and events. To reduce the energy used by idle listening, a low-duty cycle is often used in an event-sparse wireless sensor network. However, low-duty cycles bring large end-to-end delays. In this paper, a listen interval adaptive adjustment (LIAA) scheme is proposed to adjust the listen interval (LI) of a node to reduce end-to-end delays while maintaining the long lifetime of a network. The key idea is to make full use of the energy consumption imbalance in a network, to allow nodes away from the sink to use the resid-ual energy to add listen intervals. The LIAA scheme has 3 sub-strategies. One is the basic add listen interval (BALI) strategy, in which the parent node adds listen intervals in the fixed active slots of its child nodes. Another strategy is the consecutive listen (CL) scheme, which is based on BALI, and listen intervals are added consecutively. The third strategy is the random add listen interval (RALI) scheme, which uses the idea of randomness to add listen intervals. The extensive theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the LIAA scheme proposed in this paper has better performance. Compared with the tradi-tional scheme, the delays in the BALI scheme, CL scheme and RALI scheme were reduced by 24.03%, 23.45% and 39.41%, respectively, while the lifetime of the network was maintained. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Flash Flood is a natural disaster that floods away large area where there are dense presence of rivers. Bangladesh is one such country where people face this sudden flood problem and loses valuable assets using manual...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509002030
Flash Flood is a natural disaster that floods away large area where there are dense presence of rivers. Bangladesh is one such country where people face this sudden flood problem and loses valuable assets using manual water level monitoring. The challenge lies in the sudden increase of water level once the flood water is in. We are proposing a distributed system using water level monitoring sensors named Shonabondhu. The sensing nodes are distributed all across the country and the servers that collect data from sensors are spread around various regions. The servers use a function of rainfall and current water level that indicate a particular gradient to that sensor. The gradient information among sensors are related using the water level and rainfall data over four years (2008 to 2011). This gradient information is updated and propagated when any kind of change is present near the source of the river. A communication abstraction is created to propagate sensitive information and periodic updates of current status. We have used actual sensors to monitor the water level in the river and have used emulated sensors to mimic the behavior in large distributed system. Our current system works as a proof of a concept system before the actual deployment of this system in collaboration of Water Development Board of Bangladesh.
We present a distributed custom developed low cost sensing middleware named Shonabondhu that is able to handle flash flood in developing countries like Bangladesh.
ISBN:
(纸本)9781450336314
We present a distributed custom developed low cost sensing middleware named Shonabondhu that is able to handle flash flood in developing countries like Bangladesh.
Flash Flood is a natural disaster that floods away large area where there are dense presences of rivers. Bangladesh is one such country that faces it. The challenge lies in the sudden increase of water level once the ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450344166
Flash Flood is a natural disaster that floods away large area where there are dense presences of rivers. Bangladesh is one such country that faces it. The challenge lies in the sudden increase of water level once the flood water is in. We are proposing a distributed system using water level monitoring sensors named Shonabondhu. The sensing nodes are distributed all across the country and the servers that collect data from sensors are spread around various regions. We have designed implemented and deployed actual sensors to monitor the water level in the river our current system works as a proof of a concept system before the actual deployment of this system in collaboration of Water Development Board of Bangladesh.
We present a distributed custom developed low cost sensing middleware named Shonabondhu that is able to handle flash flood in developing countries like Bangladesh.
ISBN:
(纸本)9781450336314
We present a distributed custom developed low cost sensing middleware named Shonabondhu that is able to handle flash flood in developing countries like Bangladesh.
Bangladesh railway system mostly relies on manual maintenance system. At present, a trolley car is used in which people go in person to examine the railway system depending only on their vision. Mostly, these checking...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728134468
Bangladesh railway system mostly relies on manual maintenance system. At present, a trolley car is used in which people go in person to examine the railway system depending only on their vision. Mostly, these checking include detection of rail line cracks and obstacles, existence of sleepers in the proper places etc. However, the inadequacy of this kind of maintenance system is one of the vital reasons of railway accidents. The current procedure is also time consuming and costly. Besides, one of the leading causes of railway accidents is attributed to human error which can be reduced through automation. This paper attempts to improve the railway maintenance system and convert this into an automated one. Here, we are introducing a sensorbased arrangement which reveals problems like surface crack, unaligned rail lines, obstacles on the railway and also inspects the correct position, presence and absence of the sleepers with the convenience of sending the location and distance to the proper authority.
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