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sensorless control of fault-tolerant permanent magnet vernier rim-driven motor based on improved model reference adaptive system

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JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS 2025年第4期25卷 687-697页

作者： Zhao, Tianrui Zhu, Jingwei Liu, Qing Wu, Jun Cai, Yaqian Dalian Maritime Univ Coll Marine Elect Engn Dalian Liaoning Peoples R China

To enhance the accuracy of rotor position and speed estimation in the sensorless vector control system of a fault-tolerant permanent magnet vernier rim-driven motor (FTPMV-RDM), a fuzzy fast super-twisting algorithm based model reference adaptive system (FFSTA-MRAS) method is proposed. A full-order current observer is designed to improve the estimation accuracy in an adjustable model in a FFSTA-MRAS. It incorporates the adjustable model and a calibration link to form a closed-loop estimation by introducing a correction term. The proportional integral (PI) adaptive law in a conventional MRAS is substituted with a fast super-twisting algorithm. To overcome the difficulty of selecting the sliding mode gain parameters in the fast super-twisting algorithm, a fuzzy control algorithm is introduced to obtain a reasonable sliding mode gain in real time, which can solve the contradictory problem of accuracy and chattering. Finally, a hardware experimental platform utilizing a StarSim controller is developed and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has superiority in terms of accurate estimation and minimum chattering under both healthy and one phase open-circuit fault conditions.

关键词： Fault-tolerant permanent magnet vernier rim-driven motor sensorless control Model reference adaptive system Fuzzy control algorithm StarSim controller

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sensorless control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Double- Cost-Function Finite-Position-Set Phase-Locked Loop

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2025年第3期72卷 2254-2262页

作者： Wu, Xiang Li, Jia Chen, Shuo Ma, Zhixun Han, Yaofei Zhang, Xiao China Univ Min & Technol Sch Elect Engn Xuzhou 221116 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Tongji Univ Natl Maglev Transportat Engn R&D Ctr Shanghai 200070 Peoples R China

Finite-position-set phase-locked loop (FPS-PLL) is a research hotspot in the sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) due to its excellent dynamic response and no parameters tuning, but it takes the high computational burden and may suffer from a rotor position error of 180 degrees. To solve the above problems, a double-cost-function FPS-PLL (DCF-FPS-PLL) is proposed in this article, where two different cost functions are defined to decide the iteration direction and guarantee the convergence of the Newton iteration method. The estimation accuracy of the rotor position is theoretically 4.73e-6 rad for the DCF-FPS-PLL without considering the error caused by the observer while only three iterations are needed, which reduces the large amount of computation without sacrificing the accuracy. The experimental results verify the advantages of the DCF-FPS-PLL.

关键词： Finite-position-set phase-locked loop (FPS-PLL) permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) sensorless control Finite-position-set phase-locked loop (FPS-PLL) permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) sensorless control

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sensorless control for Dual Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Hub Motors Based on Adaptive Super-Twisting Algorithm and Infinite Position Set

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION 2025年第1期11卷 656-667页

作者： Yang, Zebin Qian, Can Sun, Xiaodong Zhu, Zhipeng Jiangsu Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Jiangsu Univ Automot Engn Res Inst Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China

To further improve the accuracy and expand the applicability of sensorless control, an improved scheme is proposed in this article which uses a sliding mode observer (SMO) and a phase-locked loop (PLL) for a dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous hub motor (DTP-PMSHM). First, the supertwisting algorithm (STA) is combined with the adaptive algorithm and applied to the observer to improve its accuracy and expand its applicable speed range. Second, an iterative algorithm based on the Secant method is introduced into the PLL designing an infinite position set (IPS) PLL (IPS-PLL) to avoid conventional defects and to improve the rotor position information estimation. Finally, a series of experiments are conducted to compare various performances of the proposed control scheme with the conventional control scheme. The superiority and feasibility of the proposed sensorless control scheme are demonstrated by experimental results on a DTP-PMSHM. The proposed scheme has fewer parameters and is portable, and improves the accuracy of control, which has practical significance in improving the control precision and practical application.

关键词： Rotors Motors sensorless control Observers Convergence Windings Adaptive algorithm infinite control set phase-locked loop (PLL) sensorless control sliding mode observer (SMO) super-twisting algorithm (STA) super-twisting algorithm (STA)

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sensorless control Strategy for SRM Based on Flux Linkage in Medium to High-Speed Range

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2025年

作者： Sun, Xiaodong Xu, Zhengxiong Pan, Mingzhang Sun, Chao Pan, Wei Lei, Gang Jiangsu Univ Automot Engn Res Inst Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Guangxi Univ Coll Mech Engn Nanning 530004 Peoples R China Jiangsu Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Univ Technol Sydney Sch Elect & Data Engn Sydney NSW 2007 Australia

This article proposes a flux linkage-based sensorless control strategy to enhance the robustness of sensorless control of SRMs in the medium to high-speed range. First, the rotor position is represented as a function of the flux linkage using its Fourier expansion. To eliminate the dc bias and harmonic components, an improved orthogonal signal generation estimator (OSGE) is proposed, which combines the second-order generalized integrator with a notch filter (SOGI-Notch Filter). This approach produces a set of orthogonal flux linkage signals. Then, based on these orthogonal signals, a superlinear convergence (SLC) method using finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is introduced, which iteratively converges to estimate the optimal rotor position angle. Additionally, a fault-tolerant strategy is proposed to handle single-phase faults in SRMs. Finally, the proposed sensorless control strategy is experimentally validated on a six-phase 12-10 SRM.

关键词： Couplings Rotors Reluctance motors Harmonic analysis Band-pass filters Accuracy Estimation Cost function sensorless control Power harmonic filters Fault tolerance flux linkage medium to high-speed range sensorless control switched reluctance motor (SRMs)

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sensorless control of Ultra-High-Speed PMSM via Improved PR and Adaptive Position Observer

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SENSORS 2025年第5期25卷 1290-1290页

作者： Bai, Xiyue Huang, Weiguang Gao, Chuang Wu, Yingna ShanghaiTech Univ Ctr Adapt Syst Engn Shanghai 201210 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Adv Res Insititute Shanghai 201210 Peoples R China

To improve the precision of the position and speed estimation in ultra-high-speed (UHS) permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) without position sensors, multiple refinements to the traditional extended electromotive force (EEMF) estimation algorithm are proposed in this paper. The key improvements include discretization compensation, high-frequency harmonic filtering, and the real-time adjustment of the phase-locked loop (PLL) bandwidth. Firstly, a discrete model is introduced to address EMF cross-coupling issues. Secondly, an improved proportional resonant (IPR) controller eliminating static errors is utilized in place of the conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller and low-pass filter (LPF) to enable precise electromotive force extraction, effectively filtering high-frequency harmonics that arise in low carrier ratio conditions. Based on a standard PR design, the IPR controller offers a streamlined calculation for target leading angles in delay compensation schemes to effectively mitigate discretization and delay errors. Additionally, an adaptive phase-locked loop (AQPLL) dynamically adjusts its bandwidth during acceleration to balance noise rejection and phase delay, reducing position estimation errors and optimizing torque. Simulations and experimental analyses on a motor (90,000 rpm, 30 kW) validate the effectiveness of the proposed sensorless driving techniques and demonstrate enhanced performance in position and velocity estimation, compared to the conventional EEMF approach.

关键词： sensorless control permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) discrete model proportional resonant (PR) controller phase-locked loop (PLL)

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sensorless control Scheme for PMSM Drive via Generalized Proportional Integral Observers and Kalman Filter

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2025年第3期40卷 4020-4033页

作者： Yu, Ke Li, Shihua Zhu, Wenwu Wang, Zuo Southeast Univ Sch Automat Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Minist Educ Key Lab Measurement & Control Complex Syst Engn Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Hefei Univ Technol Sch Elect Engn & Automat Hefei 230009 Peoples R China

Since conventional linear extended state observer (LESO) can only cope with the zero-order disturbance, the sensorless control scheme based on LESO lacks the ability to accurately estimate the back electromotive force (BEMF), and the estimation accuracy of rotor position and speed is limited. In this article, a new composite sensorless control scheme for permanent magnet synchronous motor drive via generalized proportional integral observers (GPIOs) and Kalman filter (KF) is proposed. First, a GPIO is designed to estimate the BEMF, which can achieve higher estimation precision compared with the conventional LESO. Moreover, the proportional-integral type loop filter is generally employed by quadrature phase locked loop (QPLL). It suffers from weak immunity to time-varying disturbances. To this end, a GPIO-aided QPLL (GQPLL) is designed to synchronously estimate the position, speed, and lumped disturbance of the drive system. Compared with the conventional QPLL, the GQPLL exhibits a better disturbance rejection ability and a higher estimation accuracy. In addition, in order to attenuate the possible measurement noise and reduce the observer noise sensitivity, a composite KF based GPIO (KF-GPIO) for BEMF estimation is proposed. Finally, experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed sensorless scheme.

关键词： Estimation Observers Noise sensorless control Kalman filters Torque Rotors Mathematical models Accuracy Robot sensing systems Generalized proportional integral observer (GPIO) Kalman filter (KF) permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) quadrature phase locked loop (QPLL) sensorless control

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sensorless control of IPMSM Drives Based on Extended State Observer With Enhanced Position Estimation Accuracy

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2025年第1期40卷 787-800页

作者： Zuo, Yun Ge, Xinglai Zhang, Shiqiang Cao, Haiyang Wang, Huimin Wang, Yi Lee, Christopher H. T. Southwest Jiaotong Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Magnet Suspens Technol & Maglev Vehicle Chengdu 611756 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Changchun Inst Opt Fine Mech & Phys Changchun 130033 Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Nanyang 639798 Singapore

In sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives, extended state observers (ESOs) are preferred due to their advantages, e.g., flexible application, and simple implementation. However, the conventional ESOs may experience the degraded performance with the challenging issues of rapidly changing back electromotive force (BEMF) in a sinusoidal form and ramp disturbances in position estimation. To enhance the position estimation accuracy, this article proposes an estimation scheme based on a novel generalized integrator ESO (NGI-ESO) and an integrally compensated (IC)-third-order (3rd)-linear ESO (IC-3rd-LESO). In the proposed estimation scheme, with the modified mathematical model of the BEMF, the NGI-ESO is designed to achieve accurate estimations of the BEMF. Moreover, the IC-3rd-LESO with a compensation loop is used to mitigate position estimation errors caused by the ramp disturbances. Consequently, the overall performance of sensorless-controlled-IPMSM drives is enhanced. The performance of the proposed estimation scheme under different conditions is verified and compared to that of the conventional ESO schemes by using extensive experimental tests.

关键词： Estimation Observers Motors Torque sensorless control Noise Mathematical models Rotors Estimation error Bandwidth Generalized integrator extended state observer (ESO) interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) sensorless control third-order ESO

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sensorless control of Bilateral LSRM With Eccentricities Based on Coupled Voltage

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IEEE ACCESS 2025年 13卷 42388-42400页

作者： Liu, Fang Li, Xinliang Jiang, Wei Zhou, Feng Yangzhou Polytech Inst Coll Informat Engn Yangzhou 225000 Jiangsu Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Air Transportat & Engn Jincheng Coll Nanjing 210000 Peoples R China

Based on the structural characteristics and magnetic flux distribution of the segmented bilateral LSRM (Linear Switched Reluctance Motor), a magnetic network model of the motor under single-side excitation is constructed using the magnetic circuit segmentation method in this paper. The influence of the lateral displacement of the motor mover on the winding inductance is analyzed. On the basis of the coupled voltage method for estimating mover position, the relationships between the coupled voltages and the positions of the motor in both directions under asymmetric air gaps are further studied, and a position detection index that can avoid the influence of uneven air gaps is proposed. Finally, on the laboratory prototype test platform, sensorless control experiments are completed for the motor without lateral displacement of the mover and under different lateral displacement conditions. The experimental results show that the LSRM position sensorless control method based on the coupled voltages of both coils proposed in this paper can achieve accurate estimation of the starting position, smooth starting operation, and chopping control velocity regulation operation under different lateral offsets of the motor.

关键词： Motors Inductance sensorless control Magnetic flux Magnetic circuits Windings Air gaps Voltage control Reluctance motors Couplings LSRM asymmetric air gaps sensorless control coupled voltage

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sensorless control Methods for BLDC Motor Drives: A Review

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION 2025年第1期11卷 135-152页

作者： Akrami, Milad Jamshidpour, Ehsan Nahid-Mobarakeh, Babak Pierfederici, Serge Frick, Vincent Univ Strasbourg UMR7357 ICube F-67000 Strasbourg France Univ Lorraine GREEN F-54000 Nancy France McMaster Univ Fac Engn Dept Elect & Comp Engn Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada Univ Lorraine LEMTA F-54000 Nancy France

Permanent magnet motors, such as brushless dc (BLDC) motors, are widely adopted in today's industry for their high power density, torque-to-weight ratio, and uncomplicated design. Furthermore, electrical motor drive systems are increasingly adopting (position) sensorless control methods. sensorless techniques have several advantages over sensor-based methods, including enhanced reliability, prolonged motor lifespans, simplified inverter-motor connections, and lower costs. Several sensorless techniques have been proposed over the past few decades, such as methods based on terminal voltage measurement, third harmonic back electromotive force (back EMF) signals, and estimation methods. Research in recent years has focused on improving conventional sensorless methods and developing new ones, including those based on flux-linkage functions and neural networks. These advancements address challenges associated with high-speed BLDC drives where the phase lag of the LPF is significant, tackle issues in very low-speed applications where back EMF signal amplitudes are low, improve the position estimation speed to enable one-cycle estimation, enhance the control system accuracy for BLDC motors with nonideal back EMFs, and consider asymmetric back EMF signals. This article examines the benefits, limitations, and challenges of sensorless drives for BLDC motors, alongside innovative solutions for nonideal and asymmetric back EMF issues, with an eye toward future developments.

关键词： Motors sensorless control Inverters Motor drives Voltage measurement Transportation Voltage Asymmetric back electromotive force (back EMF) brushless dc (BLDC) motor nonideal back EMF sensorless control

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sensorless control Impact on Electromagnetic Vibrations and Acoustic Noises in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION 2025年第1期11卷 416-425页

作者： Wang, Daohan Xu, Shuang Li, Yang Wang, Bingdong Wang, Xiaoji Nie, Jun Wang, Xiuhe Shandong Univ Sch Elect Engn Jinan 250061 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Shenzhen Res Inst Shenzhen 518057 Peoples R China State Grid Shandong Elect Power Co Qingdao Power Supply Co Qingdao 266002 Peoples R China

sensorless control techniques can save expenses while enhancing the robustness and reliability of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) driving system. High-frequency (HF) voltage injection is a practical and effective way to realize zero-low-speed sensorless control of PMSM. However, the HF injection signals can introduce new current harmonics and complicated electromagnetic force waves, resulting in substantial electromagnetic vibration and acoustic noise, which greatly limits the application of sensorless control strategies. In this article, based on the interior PMSM, the new current harmonics and electromagnetic force wave components generated by the pulsating HF signal injection sensorless control method are derived theoretically. The corresponding spatial order and frequency characteristics of electromagnetic force are obtained and verified by co-simulation model. Finally, the impacts of different operating parameters are analyzed through multiple sets of experiments of electromagnetic vibration and acoustic noise. This study is beneficial for the identification and suppression of vibration/acoustic noise for HF signal injection sensorless control strategy of PMSM.

关键词： Electromagnetic forces Vibrations sensorless control Electromagnetics Rotors Acoustic noise Motors Electromagnetic vibrations and acoustic noises permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) pulsating high-frequency (HF) signal injection sensorless control

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