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A Multiharmonics Suppression Backstepping Extended State Observer for the PMSM Electrolytic Capacitorless Drives sensorless control

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2025年第8期40卷 10769-10782页

作者： Li, Yuehan Yin, Zhonggang Yuan, Dongsheng Zhang, Yanqing Gao, Yixuan Yang, Hui Xian Univ Technol Dept Elect Engn Xian 710048 Peoples R China

The electrolytic capacitorless driver has a longer service life and higher reliability than traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drivers. However, the ac component in the dc-link voltage will generate corresponding harmonics in the back electromotive force (BEMF), which will reduce the control accuracy of sensorless. The traditional extended state observer exhibits low-pass filtering characteristics, making it difficult to accurately estimate the BEMF that varies sinusoidally and effectively suppress the BEMF harmonics. Therefore, a multiharmonics suppression backstepping extended state observer (M-BESO) is proposed in this article. The BESO is designed in reverse according to the amplitude frequency characteristics of the bandpass filter, so that the center frequency changes with the motor frequency. Then, the complex coefficient module is introduced into the structure of BESO to eliminate the harmonics in the BEMF caused by the fluctuation component of the dc-link voltage. To mitigate the position estimation error when the motor speed changes rapidly, an improved phase locked loop based on third-order extended state observer is designed. Finally, the proposed method is verified on a self-built experimental platform based on the PMSM electrolytic capacitorless drives.

关键词： Harmonic analysis Observers Power harmonic filters Motors sensorless control Mathematical models Backstepping Frequency estimation Accuracy Transfer functions Electrolytic capacitorless drives multiharmonics suppression backstepping extended state observer (M-BESO) permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) sensorless control

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An Improved Sliding Model Observer sensorless control for PMSM Based on Fuzzy Logic controller and DSOGI-FLL

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION 2025年第1期11卷 823-834页

作者： Zhu, Xinkai Huang, Jiwei Wang, Pengda Li, Yonggang Qi, Guangyu Wu, Yucai He, Yuling Zhang, Yongchang North China Elect Power Univ Dept Elect Power Engn Hebei Key Lab Green & Efficient New Elect Mat & Eq Baoding 071003 Peoples R China Hunan Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn Changsha 410082 Peoples R China North China Elect Power Univ Dept Mech Engn Baoding 071003 Peoples R China North China Elect Power Univ Sch Elect Engn Beijing 102206 Peoples R China

The conventional sliding mode observer (SMO) employed in the sensorless control for the permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) has the problems of chattering phenomena and phase delay, which results in large errors between the estimated and actual values of the rotor speed and position. Thus, this article proposes an improved SMO based on fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and dual second-order generalized integrator-frequency-locked loop (DSOGI-FLL) structure. The FLC is used to adjust the parameters of the SMO to improve the adaptive ability of the system and reduce the chattering. At the same time, in order to reduce the adverse effects from low-pass filter (LPF), DSOGI-FLL is used to accurately extract the back electromotive force (back EMF) and effectively eliminate the high-order harmonic components. Finally, the proposed method is verified by simulation and experiment, and compared with a novel super-twisting algorithm-based SMO with a complex vector generalized integrator (STASMO-CVGI), the results show that the improved SMO has a better performance.

关键词： Power harmonic filters Rotors Harmonic analysis Estimation sensorless control Transportation Stators Dual second-order generalized integrator-frequency-locked loop (DSOGI-FLL) fuzzy logic controller (FLC) permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) sensorless control sliding mode observer (SMO)

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Relative Speed Compensation for sensorless control of Magnetic Screw Motor Based on an Improved Pulsating Current Injection Method

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION 2025年第1期11卷 121-134页

作者： Zhang, Jiahao Liu, Zhengmeng Liu, Guohai Chen, Qian Jatskevich, Juri Zhao, Meiling Qiu, Xianqun Farahat, Abdallah Jiangsu Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Jiangsu Key Lab Drive & Intelligent Control Elect Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Univ British Columbia Dept Elect & Comp Engn Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada Nantong Univ Sch Elect Engn & Automat Nantong 226019 Peoples R China Yangzhou Univ Coll Elect Energy & Power Engn Yangzhou 225127 Peoples R China

The magnetic screw motor (MSM) drive systems often require both a rotary encoder and a linear encoder for their precise positioning, which makes the design of such systems very challenging and costly. This article proposes a novel position sensorless control strategy. First, an improved pulsating current injection (IPCI) sensorless control is proposed to replace the rotary encoder. This method associates the amplitude of the injection signal with the q-axis current by introducing a transformation matrix. In the proposed method, the amplitude of the injection signal increases with the load/speed variation, which enhances the rotary speed estimation accuracy in transients. Meanwhile, when the motor operates in a steady state, the amplitude of the injection signal is maintained in a low range, which reduces the audible noise. Second, the linear encoder is eliminated using a relative speed compensation based on a lookup table (LUT) method. The relative speed under different linear speeds can be obtained and tabulated from several experimental tests. The presented experimental results verify the proposed method and its performance.

关键词： Fasteners sensorless control Motors Hafnium Rotors Magnetic levitation Permanent magnets Magnetic screw motor (MSM) position sensorless control pulsating current injection speed estimation accuracy

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MRAS-Based sensorless control of PMSM Drives Using Extended State Observer in Shaftless Rim-Driven Thruster System

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION 2025年第2期11卷 6038-6047页

作者： Jiang, Ning Cao, Ruiwu Sun, Wei Chen, Dajun Wang, Kai Nanjing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut Coll Automat Engn Nanjing 211106 Peoples R China

The position estimation accuracy of the traditional model reference adaptive system (MRAS) deteriorates, affected by parameter perturbation and heavy load disturbance, given the complex working conditions of the shaftless rim-driven thruster (RDT). In this study, an MRAS-based sensorless control scheme of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives using extended state observer (ESO) is proposed to enhance the robustness to large load torque change of the sensorless drive. Quasi-resonant (QR) controller is embedded in the ESO to improve the estimation performance of periodic disturbance, and the detailed parameter tuning method is assessed using the stability analysis. In addition, a supertwisting sliding mode control (STM)-based adaptive mechanism is used to replace the PI-based adaptive mechanism, considering the linear structure and limited bandwidth of the PI controller. Finally, comparative experiments on a 2-kW PMSM drive platform illustrate the validity of the proposed sensorless control method under various working conditions to the traditional control scheme.

关键词： Transportation Electrification sensorless control Resonant frequency Propulsion Perturbation methods Superconducting magnets Solid modeling Rotors Employee welfare Extended state observer (ESO) model reference adaptive system (MRAS) permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) rim-driven thruster (RDT) sensorless control

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DSOGI-Based Time Delay Suppression for sensorless control of SPMSM Using Pulsating High-Frequency Voltage Injection

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION 2025年第2期11卷 6154-6164页

作者： Chen, Peng Ma, Ruiqing Bai, Hao Chen, Zhe Song, Shoujun Northwestern Polytech Univ Dept Automat Xian 710129 Peoples R China

This article proposes an improved pulsating high-frequency (HF) voltage injection method to suppress the time delay for sensorless control of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM). First, the HF voltage is still injected into the estimated d-axis. However, the HF current demodulation is at the alpha beta-axis, both the positive and negative sequence components of HF current are utilized for rotor position estimation, and the impact of system delay on position estimation is suppressed. Second, dual second-order generalized integrator (DSOGI)-based adaptive bandpass filters (BPFs) are proposed to eliminate the filtering delay in the HF current demodulation process, and the conventional BPF is removed. Finally, the experimental results verify that the time delay is suppressed and the accuracy of position estimation is improved significantly using the proposed method.

关键词： Delays Rotors sensorless control High frequency Voltage control Filtering Delay effects Accuracy Band-pass filters Estimation error Dual second-order generalized integrator (DSOGI) time delay pulsating high-frequency (HF) voltage injection surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM)

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Nonlinear Flux Observer for sensorless control of IPMSM Based on a Novel Regression Model

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2025年第3期40卷 3916-3926页

作者： Zhang, Kai Ma, Jien Lu, Junyong Liu, Yingquan Qiu, Lin Liu, Xing Fang, Youtong Zhejiang Univ Coll Elect Engn Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Naval Univ Engn Natl Key Lab Electromagnet Energy Wuhan 430033 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Univ Illinois Urbana Champaign Inst Hangzhou 310027 Peoples R China Shanghai Dianji Univ Coll Elect Engn Shanghai 201306 Peoples R China

The nonlinear flux observer is an effective position sensorless method that has been proven in practice. For the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), this article establishes a novel regression model of the IPMSM, which is the product of one known vector and unknown vector. Based on the established model and gradient method, an improved nonlinear active flux observer is proposed to estimate the position of the IPMSM, which is essentially a sensorless method. The proposed observer considers the existence of dc bias through the flux compensation term, so it is robust against dc offset of the integrator input. In addition, it has a smaller computational time and is suitable for the IPMSM drives. The observer performance is verified and investigated on an IPMSM platform with a three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter under finite control set model predictive control method.

关键词： Observers Rotors Vectors Mathematical models sensorless control Stator windings Linear regression Gradient methods Electrical engineering Adaptation models Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) linear regression form nonlinear flux observer sensorless

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A DC-Offset Removed sensorless control Method for PMSM Based on SMO With an Improved Prefilter and a Speed Immune Position Error Compensation Strategy

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2025年第4期40卷 5163-5176页

作者： Guo, Leilei Xu, Wei Jin, Nan Xiao, Han Zhengzhou Univ Light Ind Coll Elect & Informat Engn Zhengzhou 450002 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Elect Engn State Key Lab High Dens Electromagnet Power & Syst Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Elect Elect & Commun Engn Beijing 101408 Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol State Key Lab Adv Electromagnet Technol Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

The conventional sliding mode observer (SMO) based sensorless control methods for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) often have some key drawbacks, such as the strong coupling between the speed and rotor position estimation, and the sensitivity to unexpected dc-offset. To solve these demerits, an improved prefilter and a new speed immune position error compensation strategy are proposed to achieve sensorless control of PMSM based on SMO. First, the drawbacks of the traditional methods are summarized. Second, to overcome the effects of dc-offset, a new prefilter is proposed, which is composed of two low-pass filters with different cut-off frequencies. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed prefilter not only can remove the effects of dc-offset, but also has two degrees of freedom, which allows to adjust the high-frequency and low-frequency characteristics severally, increasing the flexibility. Third, to compensate the position error caused by the designed prefilter without using the estimated speed, a new adaptive compensation phase-locked loop is proposed, which not only can remove the strong coupling between the speed and position estimation, but also can further suppress the high-frequency sliding mode chattering. Comparative analysis and experimental study are carried out, validating the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed techniques.

关键词： DC-offset permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) phase-locked loop (PLL) phase-locked loop (PLL) prefilter prefilter sensorless control sensorless control sliding mode observer (SMO) sliding mode observer (SMO) sliding mode observer (SMO)

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Sampling-Delay Error Compensation for Low-Speed sensorless control With Single-Current Sensor Based on Multiple-Branch Sampling

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2025年第5期40卷 6653-6662页

作者： Fan, Huiyan Wang, Shuang Li, Zhiwei Huang, Linglin Shanghai Univ Sch Mechatron Engn & Automat Shanghai 200444 Peoples R China

This article proposes a sampling-delay error compensation for high-frequency (HF) injection sensorless control based on multiple-branch sampling at zero and low-speed domains. In existing single-current sensor sampling schemes, sampling-delay errors are inherently present due to two samplings occurring at different moments. These errors deteriorate the accuracy of HF current reconstruction and constrain the injection frequency, thereby limiting system bandwidth. To address this issue, a model-based compensation strategy for sampling-delay errors is proposed. First, a low-speed motor model is designed to predict the current change rates within half a switching period, which avoids cumulative errors from position estimation and reduces computational complexity. Second, considering that dead-time effects cause discrepancies between actual and calculated vector durations, vector duration is compensated based on current states and reference voltage vector sectors. Finally, since instantaneous currents required for current change rate prediction cannot be directly sampled, this article employs a stepwise prediction method to calculate half-cycle current change rates at the asynchronous sampling point, realizing effective error compensation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed compensation strategy can reconstruct HF currents accurately, enabling sensorless control with higher injection frequencies and consequently improving system bandwidth.

关键词： High-frequency (HF) voltage injection multiple- branch current sampling sampling-delay errors sensorless control sensorless control sensorless control

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Accuracy Improvement of Back-EMF-Based Position sensorless control of PMSM Drives Based on Virtual Current Sampling

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2025年第8期40卷 10378-10384页

作者： Zhang, Yongchang Zhang, Xu Chen, Zhe Bu, Jialong North China Elect Power Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Beijing 102206 Peoples R China Shenzhen INVT Elect Co Ltd Shenzhen 515031 Peoples R China

The extended back electromotive force (BEMF) of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) can be directly calculated according to the current derivative, thereby observing the rotor position. To avoid being limited by the short duration of zero-voltage vector, the twice current samplings can be completed at the beginning and middle of the control cycle. However, the current between two samples is usually approximated by a straight line. As the details of the current change are ignored, the accuracy of position observation decreases. In this letter, by introducing three virtual samplings, more information about the unknown current waveform between the two real samplings is obtained. Without adding new input variables, a set of equations for virtual current sampling and extended BEMF is constructed based only on the output voltage and sampling current. The comparative experiments prove that the virtual sampling current can improve the observation accuracy of rotor position and suppress harmonics of the feedback speed.

关键词： Vectors Accuracy Rotors Space vector pulse width modulation Mathematical models Voltage control Switches Stators sensorless control Voltage measurement Accuracy improvement current derivative permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) rotor position observation virtual current sampling

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A General Phase-Locked Loop to Enhance sensorless control of PMSM Based on Back Electromotive Force

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 2025年第3期72卷 2285-2296页

作者： Wu, Chun Wu, Chenhao Zheng, Luhua Dai, Zhiyong Zhejiang Univ Technol Coll Informat Engn Hangzhou 310023 Peoples R China Xidian Univ Sch Mech & Elect Engn Xian 710126 Peoples R China

To overcome the two shortcomings of the traditional phase-locked loop (PLL): incapability in realizing speed reversal and an unsatisfactory position tracking performance between dynamic and steady-state states, a new general PLL (GPLL) is proposed for permanent magnet synchronous motors sensorless control based on back electromotive force (BEMF) in both the stationary alpha beta-axis and the rotary dq-axis. Through constructing a new input error signal, the sign of the speed variable in position error signal can be eliminated. Nevertheless, this constructed error signal contains double-fundamental frequency position information, resulting in two sets of convergence points, i.e., 0 degrees or 180 degrees from the actual position. To avoid incorrect convergence, a polarity correction function, based on the relationship between estimated BEMF and estimated speed, is designed to cooperate with the GPLL. Then, the sensorless drive can converge into correct position both in positive and negative rotation conditions. Furthermore, an estimated speed feedforward compensation is integrated into the GPLL, then the position tracking error can be reduced in linear acceleration and deceleration conditions, which enhances the dynamic tracking ability of the sensorless drive. Finally, the GPLL are realized both in a sliding mode observer on alpha beta-axis and a Luenberger observer on alpha beta-axis, and their effectiveness is verified in comparison with conventional PLL-based method and an active flux observer in terms of speed reversal ability, dynamic and steady-state performance, etc.

关键词： Phase locked loops Symbols Convergence Steady-state Observers sensorless control Rotors Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) phase-locked loop (PLL) polarity correction function sensorless control speed reversal

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