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The geometry of correlated variability leads to highly suboptimal discriminative sensory coding

JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2025年第1期133卷 124-141页

作者： Livezey, Jesse A. Sachdeva, Pratik S. Dougherty, Maximilian E. Summers, Mathew T. Bouchard, Kristofer E. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Biol Syst & Engn Div Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Berkeley Redwood Ctr Theoret Neurosci Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Dept Phys Berkeley CA USA Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Neurol San Francisco CA USA Univ Calif Dept Mol & Cell Biol Berkeley CA USA Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab Sci Data Div Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Helen Wills Neurosci Inst Berkeley CA 94720 USA

The brain represents the world through the activity of neural populations;however, whether the computational goal of sensory coding is to support discrimination of sensory stimuli or to generate an internal model of the sensory world is unclear. Correlated variability across a neural population (noise correlations) is commonly observed experimentally, and many studies demonstrate that correlated variability improves discriminative sensory coding compared to a null model with no correlations. However, such results do not address whether correlated variability is optimal for discriminative sensory coding. If the computational goal of sensory coding is discriminative, than correlated variability should be optimized to support that goal. We assessed optimality of noise correlations for discriminative sensory coding in diverse datasets by developing two novel null models, each with a biological interpretation. Across datasets, we found that correlated variability in neural populations leads to highly suboptimal discriminative sensory coding according to both null models. Furthermore, biological constraints prevent many subsets of the neural populations from achieving optimality, and subselecting based on biological criteria leaves red discriminative coding performance suboptimal. Finally, we show that optimal subpopulations are exponentially small as the population size grows. Together, these results demonstrate that the geometry of correlated variability leads to highly suboptimal discriminative sensory coding.

关键词： correlated variability neurophysiology null models sensory coding

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A sensory-neuromorphic interface capable of environmental perception, sensory coding, and biological stimuli

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SMARTMAT 2024年第5期5卷

作者： Sun, Lin Du, Yi Zhang, Zichen Qin, Siru Wang, Zixian Li, Yue Qu, Shangda Xu, Zhifang Guo, Yi Xu, Wentao Nankai Univ Inst Photoelect Thin Film Devices & Technol Coll Elect Informat & Opt Engn Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Sci CtrKey Lab Op Tianjin 300350 Peoples R China Nankai Univ Shenzhen Res Inst Shenzhen Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med Res Ctr Expt Acupuncture Sci Tianjin 301617 Peoples R China

The sensory-neuromorphic interface is key to the application of neuromorphic electronics. Artificial spiking neurons and artificial sensory nerves have been created, and a few studies showed a complete neuromorphic system through cointegration with synaptic electronics. However, artificial synaptic devices and systems often do not work in real environments, which limits their ability to provide realistic neural simulations and interface with biological nerves. We report a sensory-neuromorphic interface that uses a fiber synapse to emulate a biological afferent nerve. For the first time, a sensing-neuromorphic interface is connected to a living organism for peripheral nerve stimulation, allowing the organism to establish a connection with its surrounding environment. The interface converts perceived environmental information into analog electrical signals and then into frequency-dependent pulse signals, which simplify the information interface between the sensor and the pulse-data processing center. The frequency of the interface shows a sublinear dependence on strain amplitude at different stimulus intensities, and can deliver increased frequency spikes at potentially damaging stimulus intensities, similar to the response of biological afferent nerves. To verify the application of this interface, a system that monitors strain and provides an overstrain alarm was constructed based on this afferent neural circuit. The system has a response time of <2 ms, which is compatible with the response time in biological systems. The interface can be potentially extended to process signals from almost any type of sensors for other afferent senses, and these results demonstrate the potential for neuromorphic interfaces to be applied to bionic sensory interfaces.

关键词： artificial synapse biological stimuli neuromorphic electronics sensory coding sensory-neuromorphic interface

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Neurophysiology goes wild: from exploring sensory coding in sound proof rooms to natural environments

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JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY sensory NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 2021年第3期207卷 303-319页

作者： Roemer, Heiner Graz Univ Dept Biol Univ Pl 2 A-8010 Graz Austria

To perform adaptive behaviours, animals have to establish a representation of the physical "outside" world. How these representations are created by sensory systems is a central issue in sensory physiology. This review addresses the history of experimental approaches toward ideas about sensory coding, using the relatively simple auditory system of acoustic insects. I will discuss the empirical evidence in support of Barlow's "efficient coding hypothesis", which argues that the coding properties of neurons undergo specific adaptations that allow insects to detect biologically important acoustic stimuli. This hypothesis opposes the view that the sensory systems of receivers are biased as a result of their phylogeny, which finally determine whether a sound stimulus elicits a behavioural response. Acoustic signals are often transmitted over considerable distances in complex physical environments with high noise levels, resulting in degradation of the temporal pattern of stimuli, unpredictable attenuation, reduced signal-to-noise levels, and degradation of cues used for sound localisation. Thus, a more naturalistic view of sensory coding must be taken, since the signals as broadcast by signallers are rarely equivalent to the effective stimuli encoded by the sensory system of receivers. The consequences of the environmental conditions for sensory coding are discussed.

关键词： sensory coding Transmission channel Masking Acoustic communication Insects

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Neural Mechanisms of Context-Dependent sensory coding in the Mammalian Retina

Neural Mechanisms of Context-Dependent Sensory Coding in the...

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作者： Huang, Xiaolin The University of Chicago

学位级别：Ph.D., Doctor of Philosophy

sensory inputs from the natural world always come with certain environments, and our visual perception is profoundly influenced by these contexts. Contextual modulation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in visual perception and it underlies different phenomena such as visual saliency and adaptation aftereffects. These perceptual attributes have been linked to contextual modulation of visual neuronal responses: the activity of neurons to a target stimulus can be shaped by its visual environments. Contextual modulation arises early in the visual pathway and is readily detectable in multiple types of retinal ganglion cells including the On-Off direction-selective ganglion cells (DSGCs). On-Off DSGCs are the output neurons of the well-studied direction-selective circuit, and the neural networks wired to these cells are one of the best-known circuits in the retina. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the contextual modulation of DSGCs are not fully understood. Delineating the pattern and mechanism of contextual modulation in DSGC will give us a more comprehensive understanding of the retinal code that DSGC conveys to the brain. Therefore, the central goal of this thesis was to identify how DSGC responses are modulated by visual contexts in both spatial and temporal dimensions, and to investigate how these contextual effects are accomplished at the synaptic and network levels. First, from the spatial perspective, I determined how DSGC responses are modulated by different patterns of surrounding visual stimuli. I found that DSGCs are sensitive to discontinuities of moving contours between the stimuli in the center and the background. Using a combination of synapse-specific genetic manipulations, patch-clamp electrophysiology and connectomic analysis, we identified distinct circuit motifs that are required for spatial contextual modulation of DSGC activity for bright and dark contours. Furthermore, our results revealed a class of wide-field amacrine cells (WACs) with long, s

关键词： Contextual modulation Direction selectivity Direction-selective ganglion cell Retina Sensitization sensory coding

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The sensory coding of Warm Perception

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NEURON 2020年第5期106卷 830-+页

作者： Paricio-Montesinos, Ricardo Schwaller, Frederick Udhayachandran, Annapoorani Rau, Florian Walcher, Jan Evangelista, Roberta Vriens, Joris Voets, Thomas Poulet, James F. A. Lewin, Gary R. Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med Dept Neurosci Robert Rossle Str 10 D-13092 Berlin Germany Charite Neurosci Res Ctr Charitepl 1 D-10117 Berlin Germany Katholieke Univ Leuven Lab Endometrium Endometriosis & Reprod Med Dept Dev & Regenerat G PURE Leuven Belgium Katholieke Univ Leuven Lab Ion Channel Res VIB KU Leuven Ctr Brain & Dis Res Dept Cellular & Mol Med Leuven Belgium

Humans detect skin temperature changes that are perceived as warm or cool. Like humans, mice report forepaw skin warming with perceptual thresholds of less than 1 degrees C and do not confuse warm with cool. We identify two populations of polymodal C-fibers that signal warm. Warm excites one population, whereas it suppresses the ongoing cool-driven firing of the other In the absence of the thermosensitive TRPM2 or TRPV1 ion channels, warm perception was blunted, but not abolished. In addition, trpv1:trpa1:trpm3(-/-) triple-mutant mice that cannot sense noxious heat detected skin warming, albeit with reduced sensitivity. In contrast, loss or local pharmacological silencing of the cool-driven TRPM8 channel abolished the ability to detect warm. Our data are not reconcilable with a labeled line model for warm perception, with receptors firing only in response to warm stimuli, but instead support a conserved dual sensory model to unambiguously detect skin warming in vertebrates.

关键词： perception sensory coding warm thermal transduction nociception polymodal C-fiber Trp channels

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Neural map formation and sensory coding in the vomeronasal system

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CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES 2015年第24期72卷 4697-4709页

作者： Brignall, Alexandra C. Cloutier, Jean-Francois Ctr Neuronal Survival Montreal Neurol Inst Montreal PQ H3A 2B4 Canada McGill Univ Dept Neurol & Neurosurg Montreal PQ Canada McGill Univ Dept Anat & Cell Biol Montreal PQ Canada

sensory systems enable us to encode a clear representation of our environment in the nervous system by spatially organizing sensory stimuli being received. The organization of neural circuitry to form a map of sensory activation is critical for the interpretation of these sensory stimuli. In rodents, social communication relies strongly on the detection of chemosignals by the vomeronasal system, which regulates a wide array of behaviours, including mate recognition, reproduction, and aggression. The binding of these chemosignals to receptors on vomeronasal sensory neurons leads to activation of second-order neurons within glomeruli of the accessory olfactory bulb. Here, vomeronasal receptor activation by a stimulus is organized into maps of glomerular activation that represent phenotypic qualities of the stimuli detected. Genetic, electrophysiological and imaging studies have shed light on the principles underlying cell connectivity and sensory map formation in the vomeronasal system, and have revealed important differences in sensory coding between the vomeronasal and main olfactory system. In this review, we summarize the key factors and mechanisms that dictate circuit formation and sensory coding logic in the vomeronasal system, emphasizing differences with the main olfactory system. Furthermore, we discuss how detection of chemosignals by the vomeronasal system regulates social behaviour in mice, specifically aggression.

关键词： Vomeronasal system Axonal guidance sensory coding Glomerular maps Aggression

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Fundamentally different representations of color and motion revealed by individual differences in perceptual scaling

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2023年第4期120卷 e2202262120-e2202262120页

作者： Emery, Kara J. Volbrecht, Vicki J. Peterzell, David H. Webster, Michael A. NYU Ctr Data Sci New York NY 10011 USA Univ Nevada Grad Program Integrat Neurosci Reno NV 89557 USA Colorado State Univ Dept Psychol Ft Collins CO 80523 USA Fielding Grad Univ Sch Psychol Santa Barbara CA 93105 USA Natl Univ John F Kennedy Sch Psychol Pleasant Hill CA 94523 USA

The coordinate frames for color and motion are often defined by three dimensions (e.g., responses from the three types of human cone photoreceptors for color and the three dimensions of space for motion). Does this common dimensionality lead to similar perceptual representations? Here we show that the organizational principles for the rep-resentation of hue and motion direction are instead profoundly different. We compared observers' judgments of hue and motion direction using functionally equivalent stimulus metrics, behavioral tasks, and computational analyses, and used the pattern of individual differences to decode the underlying representational structure for these features. Hue judgments were assessed using a standard "hue-scaling" task (i.e., judging the proportion of red/green and blue/yellow in each hue). Motion judgments were measured using a "motion-scaling" task (i.e., judging the proportion of left/right and up/down motion in moving dots). Analyses of the interobserver variability in hue scaling revealed multiple independent factors limited to different local regions of color space. This is inconsistent with the influences across a broad range of hues predicted by conventional color -oppo-nent models. In contrast, variations in motion scaling were characterized by more global factors plausibly related to variation in the relative weightings of the cardinal spatial axes. These results suggest that although the coordinate frames for specifying color and motion share a common dimensional structure, the perceptual coding principles for hue and motion direction are distinct. These differences might reflect a distinction between the computational strategies required for the visual analysis of spatial vs. nonspatial attributes of the world.

关键词： visual perception sensory coding perceptual representation

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Prediction-error neurons in circuits with multiple neuron types: Formation, refinement, and functional implications

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2022年第13期119卷 e2115699119-e2115699119页

作者： Hertaega, Loreen Clopatha, Claudia Imperial Coll London Dept Bioengn London SW7 2AZ England

Predictable sensory stimuli do not evoke significant responses in a subset of cortical excitatory neurons. Some of those neurons, however, change their activity upon mis-matches between actual and predicted stimuli. Different variants of these prediction-error neurons exist, and they differ in their responses to unexpected sensory stimuli. However, it is unclear how these variants can develop and coexist in the same recurrent network and how they are simultaneously shaped by the astonishing diversity of inhibitory interneurons. Here, we study these questions in a computational network model with three types of inhibitory interneurons. We find that balancing excitation and inhibition in multiple pathways gives rise to heterogeneous prediction-error circuits. Dependent on the network's initial connectivity and distribution of actual and predicted sensory inputs, these circuits can form different variants of prediction-error neurons that are robust to network perturbations and generalize to stimuli not seen during learning. These variants can be learned simultaneously via homeostatic inhibitory plasticity with low baseline firing rates. Finally, we demonstrate that prediction-error neurons can support biased perception, we illustrate a number of functional implications, and we discuss testable predictions.

关键词： predictive processing inhibitory interneurons prediction-error neurons homeostatic plasticity sensory coding

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Degraded tactile coding in the Cntnap2 mouse model of autism

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CELL REPORTS 2024年第8期43卷 114612页

作者： Wang, Han Chin Feldman, Daniel E. Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Mol & Cell Biol Berkeley CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Berkeley Helen Wills Neurosci Inst Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Atypical sensory processing is common in autism, but how neural coding is disrupted in sensory cortex is unclear. We evaluate whisker touch coding in L2/3 of somatosensory cortex (S1) in Cntnap2-'-- '- mice, which have reduced inhibition. This classically predicts excess pyramidal cell spiking, but this remains controversial, and other deficits may dominate. We find that c-fos expression is elevated in S1 of Cntnap2-'-- '- mice under spontaneous activity conditions but is comparable to that of control mice after whisker stimulation, suggesting normal sensory-evoked spike rates. GCaMP8m imaging from L2/3 pyramidal cells shows no excess whisker responsiveness, but it does show multiple signs of degraded somatotopic coding. This includes broadened whisker-tuning curves, a blurred whisker map, and blunted whisker point representations. These disruptions are greater in noisy than in sparse sensory conditions. Tuning instability across days is also substantially elevated in Cntnap2-'-.- '- . Thus, Cntnap2-'-- '- mice show no excess sensory-evoked activity, but a degraded and unstable tactile code in S1.

关键词： autism spectrum disorder barrel cortex layer 2/3 sensory coding whisker longitudinal imaging representational drift

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Sensitivity to Envelope Interaural Time Differences: Modeling Auditory Modulation Filtering

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JARO-JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2022年第1期23卷 35-57页

作者： Brughera, Andrew Ballestero, Jimena A. McAlpine, David Macquarie Univ Dept Linguist Macquarie Pk NSW Australia Boston Univ Dept Biomed Engn Boston MA 02215 USA Univ Buenos Aires Inst Fisiologfa & Bioffs 1E1810 Bernardo Houssay CONICET Grp Neurociencia Sistemas Buenos Aires DF Argentina

For amplitude-modulated sound, the envelope interaural time difference (ITDENV) is a potential cue for sound-source location. ITDENV is encoded in the lateral superior olive (LSO) of the auditory brainstem, by excitatory-inhibitory (EI) neurons receiving ipsilateral excitation and contralateral inhibition. Between human listeners, sensitivity to ITDENV varies considerably, but ultimately decreases with increasing stimulus carrier frequency, and decreases more strongly with increasing modulation rate. Mechanisms underlying the variation in behavioral sensitivity remain unclear. Here, with increasing carrier frequency (4-10 kHz), as we phenomenologically model the associated decrease in ITDENV sensitivity using arbitrarily fewer neurons consistent across populations, we computationally model the variable sensitivity across human listeners and modulation rates (32-800 Hz) as the decreasing range of membrane frequency responses in LSO neurons. Transposed tones stimulate a bilateral auditory-periphery model, driving model EI neurons where electrical membrane impedance filters the frequency content of inputs driven by amplitude-modulated sound, evoking modulation filtering. Calculated from Fisher information in spike-rate functions of ITDENV, for model EI neuronal populations distinctly reflecting the LSO range in membrane frequency responses, just-noticeable differences in ITDENV collectively reproduce the largest variation in ITDENV sensitivity across human listeners. These slow to fast model populations each generally match the best human ITDENV sensitivity at a progressively higher modulation rate, by membrane-filtering and spike-generation properties producing realistically less than Poisson variance. Non-resonant model EI neurons are also sensitive to interaural intensity differences. With peripheral filters centered between carrier frequency and modulation sideband, fast resonant model EI neurons extend ITDENV sensitivity above 500-Hz modulation.

关键词： binaural ITD LSO sensory coding spatial hearing transposed tone

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