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Automated Testing for service-oriented architecture: Leveraging Large Language Models for Enhanced service Composition

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 89627-89640页

作者： Mahsun Altin Behcet Mutlu Deniz Kilinc Altan Cakir Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Technical University İstanbul Türkiye Wingie Enuygun Group İstanbul Türkiye Department of Computer Engineering University of Bakirçay İzmir Türkiye Department of Data Science and Analytics Istanbul Technical University İstanbul Türkiye Artificial Intelligence Data Science Research and Application Center Istanbul Technical University İstanbul Türkiye Parton Big Data Analytics and Consulting ITU Ari Teknokent İstanbul Türkiye Adin.Ai Wilmington DE USA

This article explores the application of Large Language Models (LLMs), including proprietary models such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT 4o and ChatGPT 4o-mini, Anthropic’s Claude 3.5 Sonnet and Claude 3.7 Sonnet, and Google’s Gemini 1.5 Pro, Gemini 2.0 Flash, and Gemini 2.0 Flash-Lite, as well as open-source alternatives including Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct-1M, and commercially accessed models such as DeepSeek R1 and DeepSeek V3, which were tested via APIs despite having open-source variants, to automate validation and verification in Application Programming Interface (API) testing within a service-oriented architecture (SOA). Our system compares internal responses from the Enuygun Web Server against third-party API outputs in both JSON and XML formats, validating critical parameters such as flight prices, baggage allowances, and seat availability. We generated 100 diverse test scenarios across varying complexities (1-4 flight results) by randomly altering request and response parameters. Experimental results show that Google Gemini 2.0 Flash achieved high accuracy (up to 99.98%) with the lowest completion time (85.34 seconds), while Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct-1M exhibited limited capability in processing complex formats. Models such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Anthropic’s Claude Sonnet models also demonstrated strong performance in single-flight validation scenarios, making them suitable for low-latency, high-precision tasks. Our findings indicate that some open-source models can offer promising cost-effective alternatives, though performance significantly varies. This integration of LLMs reduced manual workload, improved test scalability, and enabled real-time validation across large-scale datasets. As LLM technologies mature, we anticipate further advances in automation, accuracy, and efficiency in software validation systems.

关键词： Indexing service-oriented architecture Software testing Software systems Scalability Accuracy Software development management Real-time systems Complexity theory Software reliability

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service-oriented architecture of adaptive, intelligent data acquisition and processing systems for long-pulse fusion experiments

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FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2010年第3-4期85卷 274-279页

作者： Gonzalez, J. Ruiz, M. Barrera, E. Lopez, J. M. de Arcas, G. Vega, J. Univ Politecn Madrid Grp Invest Instrumentac & Acust Aplicada Madrid 28031 Spain Asociac EURATOM CIEMAT Fus Madrid Spain

The data acquisition systems used in long-pulse fusion experiments need to implement data reduction and pattern recognition algorithms in real time. In order to accomplish these operations, it is essential to employ software tools that allow for hot swap capabilities throughout the temporal evolution of the experiments. This is very important because processing needs are not equal during different phases of the experiment. The intelligent test and measurement system (ITMS) developed by UPM and CIEMAT is an example of a technology for implementing scalable data acquisition and processing systems based on PXI and Compact PCI hardware. In the ITMS platform, a set of software tools allows the user to define the processing algorithms associated with the different experimental phases using state machines driven by software events. These state machines are specified using the State Chart XML (SCXML) language. The software tools are developed using JAVA, JINI, an SCXML engine and several Lab VIEW applications. Within this schema, it is possible to execute data acquisition and processing applications in an adaptive way. The power of SCXML semantics and the ability to work with XML user-defined data types allow for very easy programming of the ITMS platform. With this approach, the ITMS platform is a suitable solution for implementing scalable data acquisition and processing systems based on a service-oriented model with the ability to easily implement remote participation applications. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Long-pulse experiments Intelligent data acquisition PXI Real time data processing service-oriented architecture JINI SCXML

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service-oriented architecture for distributed publish/subscribe middleware in electronics production

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS 2006年第4期2卷 281-294页

作者： Delamer, Ivan M. Lastra, Jose L. Martinez Tampere Univ Technol Inst Prod Engn FI-33101 Tampere Finland

The Computer Aided Manufacturing using XML (CAMX) framework enables integrating electronics production systems using message-oriented middleware, offering standards-based communication among machines and control software applications. CAMX frameworks implement publish/subscribe of XML messages through an entity called the message broker (MSB), which provides the messaging service using a web-based interface. A challenge for MSB-based systems is that they must scale to handle large volumes of messaging traffic, which is a characteristic of modern information-intensive manufacturing systems. This paper first tackles this challenge by presenting an array of architecture patterns for creating distributed MSB frameworks, focusing mainly on globally distributed federations and locally distributed clusters. A unified architecture is subsequently presented that leverages the different patterns by combining federated frameworks with locally distributed clusters into a unified set of architecture elements and interactions. A service-oriented approach is followed to provide a uniform interface for distributed MSB elements, whether federated or locally distributed. The service-oriented approach is also used to dynamically discover resources and automatically invoke the (re)configuration and messaging services. The services are enriched with semantics in order to facilitate automatic discovery and selection of services using the semantic web services formal ontology. Semantic service advertisements are propagated using a peer-to-peer discovery protocol. The approach presented in this paper is not limited to the CAMX case and is generally applicable to distributed event-based manufacturing systems.

关键词： electronic equipment manufacture manufacturing automation manufacturing automation software message systems service-oriented architecture

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service-oriented architecture for High-Dimensional Private Data Mashup

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON serviceS COMPUTING 2012年第3期5卷 373-386页

作者： Fung, Benjamin C. M. Trojer, Thomas Hung, Patrick C. K. Xiong, Li Al-Hussaeni, Khalil Dssouli, Rachida Concordia Univ CIISE EV7 640 Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada Univ Innsbruck A-6020 Innsbruck Austria Univ Ontario Inst Technol Oshawa ON L1H 7K4 Canada Emory Univ Atlanta GA 30322 USA Concordia Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada United Arab Emirate Univ FIT Al Ain U Arab Emirates

Mashup is a web technology that allows different service providers to flexibly integrate their expertise and to deliver highly customizable services to their customers. Data mashup is a special type of mashup application that aims at integrating data from multiple data providers depending on the user's request. However, integrating data from multiple sources brings about three challenges: 1) Simply joining multiple private data sets together would reveal the sensitive information to the other data providers. 2) The integrated (mashup) data could potentially sharpen the identification of individuals and, therefore, reveal their person-specific sensitive information that was not available before the mashup. 3) The mashup data from multiple sources often contain many data attributes. When enforcing a traditional privacy model, such as K-anonymity, the high-dimensional data would suffer from the problem known as the curse of high dimensionality, resulting in useless data for further data analysis. In this paper, we study and resolve a privacy problem in a real-life mashup application for the online advertising industry in social networks, and propose a service-oriented architecture along with a privacy-preserving data mashup algorithm to address the aforementioned challenges. Experiments on real-life data suggest that our proposed architecture and algorithm is effective for simultaneously preserving both privacy and information utility on the mashup data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that integrates high-dimensional data for mashup service.

关键词： Privacy protection anonymity data mashup data integration service-oriented architecture high dimensionality

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service-oriented architecture for ontologies supporting multi-agent system negotiations in virtual enterprise

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JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING 2012年第4期23卷 1331-1349页

作者： Wang, Xiaohuan Wong, T. N. Wang, Gong Univ Hong Kong Dept Ind & Mfg Syst Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

This paper offers a service-oriented architecture (SOA) for ontology-based multi-agent system (MAS) negotiations in the context of virtual enterprises (VEs). The objective of this paper is fourfold. First, it is to design a SOA which utilizes ontology and MAS to provide a distributed and interoperable environment for automated negotiations in VE. In this architecture, individual ontologies for both the VE initiator and its potential partners are constructed to describe and store resources and service knowledge. Second, a series of semantic ontology matching methods are developed to reach agents' interoperability during the negotiation process. Third, correspondence-based extended contract net protocol is presented, which provides basic guidelines for agents' reaching mutual understandings and service negotiation. Last, a fuzzy set theory based knowledge reuse approach is proposed to evaluate the current negotiation behaviors of the VE partners. A walkthrough example is presented to illustrate the methodologies and system architecture proposed in this paper.

关键词： Multi-agent systems Virtual enterprises Negotiation Ontology service-oriented architecture

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service-oriented architecture (SOA) Instantiation within a Hard Real-Time, Deterministic Combat System Environment

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SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 2014年第3期17卷 264-277页

作者： Moreland, James D., Jr. Sarkani, Shahram Mazzuchi, Thomas George Washington Univ Dept Engn Management & Syst Engn Washington DC 20052 USA

This article investigates the instantiation of a service-oriented architecture (SOA) within a hard real-time (stringent time constraints), deterministic (maximum predictability) combat system (CS) environment. There are numerous stakeholders across the U.S. Department of the Navy who are affected by this development and who have a direct or indirect influence on the system requirements. The research focuses on two-way, transparent, secure track data exchange between the command and control (C2) and CS domains. Exchange and management of data between these domain networks is accomplished using configurable universal gateway capabilities. These capabilities include the provision for data mediation and boundary defense requirements within a web services publish-and-subscribe framework. The gateways' performance is assessed with respect to operational loading, architecture and provisioning requirements to evaluate gateway component performance, and resource utilization. The universal gateway prototype evaluated in this limited technology experiment (LTE) demonstrated interoperability as a key step in satisfying Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6 criteria, based on its successful performance in a representative environment. Data latency was minimal at the largest message loads with typical end-to-end gateway latencies under 15 milliseconds with the application of rule set filters on message queues, and data throughput across the universal gateway was not limited by universal gateway components. These results allow proven architectural principles to be applied in new ways to enable rapid development and insertion of new capabilities, lower-risk system integration and evolution, and more reliable operations. At the same time, multiple integrators and vendors can actively design and compete for business, lowering acquisition and life-cycle costs. (C) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： real-time service-oriented architecture combat system command and control system deterministic latency services federation network quality of service gateway: A2AD, D-DIL

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service-oriented architecture on FPGA-Based MPSoC

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 2017年第10期28卷 2993-3006页

作者： Wang, Chao Li, Xi Chen, Yunji Zhang, Youhui Diessel, Oliver Zhou, Xuehai Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei 230027 Anhui Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Comp Technol Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Comp Sci Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Univ New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

The integration of software services-oriented architecture (SOA) and hardware multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) has been pursued for several years. However, designing and implementing a service-oriented system for diverse applications on a single chip has posed significant challenges due to the heterogeneous architectures, programming interfaces, and software tool chains. To solve the problem, this paper proposes SoSoC, a service-oriented system-on-chip framework that integrates both embedded processors and software defined hardware accelerators s as computing services on a single chip. Modeling and realizing the SOA design principles, SoSoC provides well-defined programming interfaces for programmers to utilize diverse computing resources efficiently. Furthermore, SoSoC can provide task level parallelization and significant speedup to MPSoC chip design paradigms by providing out-of-order execution scheme with hardware accelerators. To evaluate the performance of SoSoC, we implemented a hardware prototype on Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA board with EEMBC benchmarks. Experimental results demonstrate that the service componentization over original version is less than 3 percent, while the speedup for typical software Benchmarks is up to 372x. To show the portability of SoSoC, we implement the convolutional neural network as a case study on both Xilinx Zynq and Altera DE5 FPGA boards. Results show the SoSoC outperforms state-of-the-art literature with great flexibility.

关键词： service-oriented architecture multiprocessor system on chip

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service-oriented architecture for an overall radioactive waste package record management system

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PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2011年第4期53卷 420-427页

作者： Chou, I. -Hsin Atom Energy Council Inst Nucl Energy Res Taipei 32525 Taiwan

In Taiwan, there are a few radioactive waste package record management systems independently implemented by radioactive waste generators, operators of waste management facilities, transport organizations and storage facilities. To claim compliance of a radioactive waste package record meets with waste acceptance criteria for disposal, an overall radioactive waste package record management system which records and tracks all relevant information, from raw waste characteristics, through changes related to waste processing, to final checking and verification of waste package parameters should be constructed in accordance with IAEA recommendation. service-oriented architecture (SOA) is widely accepted as a new paradigm for integrating heterogeneous systems in an effective way. It has formed a new trend being adopted by organizations in mitigating legacy system problems as in to maximizing interoperability, reusability and flexibility. Based on the current radioactive waste management processes, this paper proposes a three-tier SOA for the further overall radioactive waste package record management system design. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Radioactive waste package record Waste acceptance criteria service-oriented architecture

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service-oriented architecture: A Review of State-of-the-Art Literature From an Organizational Perspective

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JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION AND MANAGEMENT-INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP 2021年第3期6卷 353-382页

作者： Bohloul, Seyed Mahdi Old Dominion Univ Strome Coll Business Norfolk VA 23529 USA

Over the past two decades, the topic of service-oriented architecture (SOA) has attracted considerable attention among researchers and practitioners. Despite a lot of efforts to study it from different points of view (mostly from a technological perspective), little is done to develop our understanding of SOA from an organizational perspective. Therefore, this study aims at reviewing the literature on SOA from an organizational point of view. To this end, 65 journal papers (published between 2005 and 2020) were selected from different electronic databases for study. After a careful review of selected papers, four distinct categories of research themes were identified: SOA adoption, implementation, governance, and organizational impacts and applications. Moreover, major factors influencing SOA adoption as well as potential areas of impact of SOA in firms were determined.

关键词： service-oriented architecture SOA adoption SOA implementation SOA governance SOA organizational impacts literature review

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service-oriented architecture Maturity

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COMPUTER 2011年第2期44卷 61-67页

作者： Welke, Richard Hirschheim, Rudy Schwarz, Andrew Georgia State Univ Ctr Proc Innovat J Mack Robinson Coll Business Atlanta GA 30303 USA Georgia State Univ Dept Comp Informat Syst J Mack Robinson Coll Business Atlanta GA 30303 USA Louisiana State Univ EJ Ourso Coll Business Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA

While some have touted service-oriented architecture as "the next big thing," many SOA efforts have failed to achieve organizational objectives. A proposed new SOA maturity model addresses this gap by accounting for the different motivations for SOA adoption by IT administrators, business managers, and enterprise leaders.

关键词： Computer architecture IT administrators Information technology service oriented architecture service-oriented architecture Software maintenance business managers enterprise leaders service-oriented architecture service-oriented architecture maturity model

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